Prepared BySoumen Makar

What is dredging and Dredger. Why Dredging Types of dredging. Types of Dredger. Dredging Hazards. Nautical Flags and Their Meanings. Legal requirement of dredging.

What is dredging and Dredger. Why Dredging Types of dredging. Types of Dredger. Dredging Hazards. Nautical Flags and Their Meanings. Legal requirement of dredging.

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Dredging is the term givento digging, gathering, orpulling out material todeepen waterways, createharbours, channels, docksand berths, desilt lakes andkeep river entrances andapproaches to boat rampsclear.

Dredging is the term givento digging, gathering, orpulling out material todeepen waterways, createharbours, channels, docksand berths, desilt lakes andkeep river entrances andapproaches to boat rampsclear.

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To create new or deeper access or berths for vessels. This maymean the deepening and widening of channels andanchorages as well as the excavation of basins and marinasfrom areas of previously dry land.

To maintain the depth in existing ports, harbours andchannels to provide ready and safe passage forcommercial and recreational vessels.

Why dredging

To create new or deeper access or berths for vessels. This maymean the deepening and widening of channels andanchorages as well as the excavation of basins and marinasfrom areas of previously dry land.

To provide material for specific purposes, e.g. beachesin coastal areas subject to erosion are sometimes‘renourished’ with sand dredged from other areas.

To bypass an artificial structure , such as a breakwater,that is an obstacle to the normal pattern of sedimentmovement along the coast.

To place a structure inside water bodies

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Capital DredgingCreation of new facilities, such as harbourdeeper navigation channels etc

NavigationInfrastructurecoastal engineeringmining industryoffshore industry

Types of dredgingCapital Dredging

Creation of new facilities, such as harbourdeeper navigation channels etc

NavigationInfrastructurecoastal engineeringmining industryoffshore industry

MaintenanceThe term maintenance dredging involves the removal ofsediments that have accumulated since the previous

dredging operationMaintain design depth of navigation channel andports.

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Mechanical DredgerMechanical dredging involves removal of material

by a bucket, placement of the material in a barge,

and towing that barge to a disposal or transfer area

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Hydraulic DredgerHydraulic dredging involves use of ahydraulic (suction) dredge, deposit into anupland containment area (for dewatering ordirect disposal).Hydraulic dredging provides the cleanest method for sediment

removal without damaging the sensitive environment

Bucket ladder dredgerGrab dredgerDipper/back Hoe Dredger

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Bucket ladder dredgerGrab dredgerDipper/back Hoe Dredger

The capacity of bucket is about 1cubicmeter.

The size of these vessel about 60 meterin length 15 meter width and having a draftabout 2.3 to 3 meter.

The dredging depth commonly extend to1 cubic meter.

The out put is the range of 250 cubicmeter /hours

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The capacity of bucket is about 1cubicmeter.

The size of these vessel about 60 meterin length 15 meter width and having a draftabout 2.3 to 3 meter.

The dredging depth commonly extend to1 cubic meter.

The out put is the range of 250 cubicmeter /hours

This type of dredger can dig in depth up to15 m.Dipper capacity varies from 1 to 4 cubicmeter and heavy capacities of about 12m3are used in panama canal.The lever can rotate both about the verticalhorizontal axis. It mounted on a Barge.

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This type of dredger can dig in depth up to15 m.Dipper capacity varies from 1 to 4 cubicmeter and heavy capacities of about 12m3are used in panama canal.The lever can rotate both about the verticalhorizontal axis. It mounted on a Barge.

The Hull is generally 30m to 60mlong and 15m cross, the boom isbeing 15m long.

The capacity of a grab dredger isexpressed volume of the grab.Grab sizes varies between less than1 m3 up to 200 m3.

The opening of the grab iscontrolled by the closing and hoistingwire or by hydraulic cylinders.

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The Hull is generally 30m to 60mlong and 15m cross, the boom isbeing 15m long.

The capacity of a grab dredger isexpressed volume of the grab.Grab sizes varies between less than1 m3 up to 200 m3.

The opening of the grab iscontrolled by the closing and hoistingwire or by hydraulic cylinders.

Profile or plain suction dredger

Cutter suction dredger

Trailing suction hopper dredger

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Profile or plain suction dredger

Cutter suction dredger

Trailing suction hopper dredger

The Dredging depth is about 15mBucket capacity is about 6 cubic meter,then its for soft material. If a smaller capacity bucket of about 4cubic meter, then its used for dredginghard material.

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The Dredging depth is about 15mBucket capacity is about 6 cubic meter,then its for soft material. If a smaller capacity bucket of about 4cubic meter, then its used for dredginghard material.

The normal dredging vary from 10 to 30mThe hopper capacities vary from 300-11000 cubic meter.

Majority of these dredgers are in3500 cubic meter.

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The normal dredging vary from 10 to 30mThe hopper capacities vary from 300-11000 cubic meter.

Majority of these dredgers are in3500 cubic meter.

The Dredging depth is about 15mBucket capacity is about 6cubic meter,then its for soft material.If a smaller capacity bucket of about4 cubic meter, then its used fordredging hard material

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The Dredging depth is about 15mBucket capacity is about 6cubic meter,then its for soft material.If a smaller capacity bucket of about4 cubic meter, then its used fordredging hard material

Anchoring, mooring, unmooring and winches.Slips & falls.Drowning.High pressure pumps & pipes/floatingpipe lines.Welding & cutting.Electrocution.Fire.Transfer/storage of flammable materials.Materials handling.Confined spaces.

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Anchoring, mooring, unmooring and winches.Slips & falls.Drowning.High pressure pumps & pipes/floatingpipe lines.Welding & cutting.Electrocution.Fire.Transfer/storage of flammable materials.Materials handling.Confined spaces.

Pinch points CablesMalfunctions hoisting and liftingoperationCrushed between boat /tug/ bargeHigh windsTidal effectsThunder and LightningFogTsunami/cyclone/stormFlora and faunaBatteries and battery and charging sitesThe release of dangerous natural gasesExcessive noise

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Pinch points CablesMalfunctions hoisting and liftingoperationCrushed between boat /tug/ bargeHigh windsTidal effectsThunder and LightningFogTsunami/cyclone/stormFlora and faunaBatteries and battery and charging sitesThe release of dangerous natural gasesExcessive noise

Disturbance to Aquatic EcosystemsChange the environmentChanges in the chemical composition of water

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Disturbance to Aquatic EcosystemsChange the environmentChanges in the chemical composition of water

1. Masthead light2. Port side light3. Starboard side light4. Stern light5. Towing light

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1. Masthead light2. Port side light3. Starboard side light4. Stern light5. Towing light

DefinitionsMasthead light - a white light placed over the centerline of the vessel withan unbroken arc of visibility of 225 Degree forward.

Sidelights - a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the portside, each with an unbroken arc of visibility of 112.5 degree.

Stern light - a white light situated near the stern with an unbroken arc ofvisibility of 135 Degree.

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DefinitionsMasthead light - a white light placed over the centerline of the vessel withan unbroken arc of visibility of 225 Degree forward.

Sidelights - a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the portside, each with an unbroken arc of visibility of 112.5 degree.

Stern light - a white light situated near the stern with an unbroken arc ofvisibility of 135 Degree.

Towing light - a yellow light situated near the stern with an unbrokenarc of visibility of 135 degree.

All-round light - a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of thehorizon of 360 degree.

Flashing light - an all-round light flashing at regular intervals at afrequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

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Towing light - a yellow light situated near the stern with an unbrokenarc of visibility of 135 degree.

All-round light - a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of thehorizon of 360 degree.

Flashing light - an all-round light flashing at regular intervals at afrequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

Note: Two mastheadlights in a rangewhenever a vessel isgreater than 50m inlength.

Vessel greater than 50 meters overall length

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Note: Two mastheadlights in a rangewhenever a vessel isgreater than 50m inlength.

Only one masthead light isrequired for vessels less than 50min length.

Vessel less than 50 meters overall length

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Only one masthead light isrequired for vessels less than 50min length.

Vessellength

Mast headlight

Side light Stern light Towinglight

All aroundred, WhiteGreen oryellow

Length 50meters or more

6 nautical miles 3 nautical miles 3 nautical miles 3 nautical miles 3 nautical miles

Length lessthan 50 metersbut 12 metersor more

5nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles

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Length lessthan 50 metersbut 12 metersor more

5nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles

Less than 20but 12 metersor more

3 nautical miles 1 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles

Length lessthan 12 meters

2 nautical miles 1nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles 2 nautical miles

Signal flags are used to communicate messages, at times because radio silenceis required. Here are their names and meanings, both International and/orspecific to the Navy, as well as meanings when used in a Sailing.

Nautical Flags and Their Meanings

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Nautical Flags and Their Meanings

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Section 23.Ports of registry.The ports at which registration of shipsshall be made of Bombay, Calcutta and Madrasand such other ports in India

Section:109.Employment of children.- No person under fifteen years ofage shall be engaged or carried to sea to work .

Sectin:168.Ships to have sufficient provisions and water.- All Indianships and all ships upon which seamen have been engaged shallhave on board sufficient provisions and water of good quality.

Section172.Bedding, towels, medicines, medical stores, etc., to beprovided and kept on board certain ships.- The owner of every ship of overfive hundred tons gross shall supply or cause to be supplied to every seamanfor his personal use, bedding, towels, mess utensils and other articles.

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Section 23.Ports of registry.The ports at which registration of shipsshall be made of Bombay, Calcutta and Madrasand such other ports in India

Section:109.Employment of children.- No person under fifteen years ofage shall be engaged or carried to sea to work .

Sectin:168.Ships to have sufficient provisions and water.- All Indianships and all ships upon which seamen have been engaged shallhave on board sufficient provisions and water of good quality.

Section172.Bedding, towels, medicines, medical stores, etc., to beprovided and kept on board certain ships.- The owner of every ship of overfive hundred tons gross shall supply or cause to be supplied to every seamanfor his personal use, bedding, towels, mess utensils and other articles.

Section: 300.Safety equipment and equipment certificates for ships otherthan passenger ships.-five hundred tons gross or more, not being a passengership, provisions of life saving and fire appliances and radio telegraphy or radiotelephony installation applicable to such ship and is provided with lights andshapes and the means of making fog and distress signals required by thecollision regulations,Section: 346 Damages for personal injury.-Whenever loss of life orpersonal injuries are suffered by any person on board a shipSection :350.Report to Central Government of accidents to ships.- When aship has sustained or caused any accident occasioning loss of life orany serious injury to any person or has received any material damage.Section :354.Duty to report dangers to navigation.- The master of any Indianship on meeting with dangerous ice, a dangerous direct, atropical storm or any other direct danger to navigation shall send informationaccordinglySection :417.Certificate of registry.- (1) Every sailing vessel shall beregistered in accordance with the provisions of this section.Section :418.Particulars relating to sailing vessel to be painted. - The ownerof every sailing vessel so registered shall, before the vessel begins to take anycargo or passengers, paint or cause to be painted permanently in the prescribedmanner. 4/9/2017 28

Section: 300.Safety equipment and equipment certificates for ships otherthan passenger ships.-five hundred tons gross or more, not being a passengership, provisions of life saving and fire appliances and radio telegraphy or radiotelephony installation applicable to such ship and is provided with lights andshapes and the means of making fog and distress signals required by thecollision regulations,Section: 346 Damages for personal injury.-Whenever loss of life orpersonal injuries are suffered by any person on board a shipSection :350.Report to Central Government of accidents to ships.- When aship has sustained or caused any accident occasioning loss of life orany serious injury to any person or has received any material damage.Section :354.Duty to report dangers to navigation.- The master of any Indianship on meeting with dangerous ice, a dangerous direct, atropical storm or any other direct danger to navigation shall send informationaccordinglySection :417.Certificate of registry.- (1) Every sailing vessel shall beregistered in accordance with the provisions of this section.Section :418.Particulars relating to sailing vessel to be painted. - The ownerof every sailing vessel so registered shall, before the vessel begins to take anycargo or passengers, paint or cause to be painted permanently in the prescribedmanner.

Rules4. Minimum age. — No person below the age of sixteen yearsshall be employed or engaged to work on a ship subject to suchrestrictions regarding night work, health and safety or any other hazardouswork as maybe notified by the Director General of Shipping with the approval of CentralGovernment from time to time.Rules5. Medical fitness certificate. — No person shall be engaged asseafarer unless he is certified as medically fit and holds a medical fitnesscertificate as provided under the Act.Rules18. Medical care on board ship and ashore.—(1) The ship ownershall adopt such measures for providing protection of health and medicalcare, including essential dental care, at no costRules20. Health and safety protection and prevention of accident.—The Director General of Shipping may specify separate guidelines fromtime to time, for the management of occupational safety and protection ofhealth on board the ships.

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Rules4. Minimum age. — No person below the age of sixteen yearsshall be employed or engaged to work on a ship subject to suchrestrictions regarding night work, health and safety or any other hazardouswork as maybe notified by the Director General of Shipping with the approval of CentralGovernment from time to time.Rules5. Medical fitness certificate. — No person shall be engaged asseafarer unless he is certified as medically fit and holds a medical fitnesscertificate as provided under the Act.Rules18. Medical care on board ship and ashore.—(1) The ship ownershall adopt such measures for providing protection of health and medicalcare, including essential dental care, at no costRules20. Health and safety protection and prevention of accident.—The Director General of Shipping may specify separate guidelines fromtime to time, for the management of occupational safety and protection ofhealth on board the ships.

More Details:

IMO- International Maritime Organization,ISM(Code)-International Safety Management Code With guidelines For Its Implementation(2014Edition)MARPOL - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ShipsSOLAS - International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

The Merchant Shipping Act 1958The Inland Vessel Act ,1917The Merchant Shipping Labour Rules 2016Merchant Shipping (Safety of Navigation) Rules, 1997Mercantile Marine Department. IndiaDirectorate General of Shipping, India

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More Details:

IMO- International Maritime Organization,ISM(Code)-International Safety Management Code With guidelines For Its Implementation(2014Edition)MARPOL - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ShipsSOLAS - International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

The Merchant Shipping Act 1958The Inland Vessel Act ,1917The Merchant Shipping Labour Rules 2016Merchant Shipping (Safety of Navigation) Rules, 1997Mercantile Marine Department. IndiaDirectorate General of Shipping, India

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