division 06 wood work final

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Division 06 Wood and Plasics .

1 Al LABINA / AL MANAR in partnership with Hamza/ ECH/ LCE JV

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

DIVISION 06 : WOOD AND PLASTICS



Foreword

The internationally recognized framework known as “Masterformat” released by the Construction

Specifications Institute (CSI) has been adopted in order to organize the sorting and numbering in the new

edition of the specifications in a manner that insures the easy flow and exchange of information among

specialists and the community of the building industry at large. The new edition involves 12 main

divisions. These divisions are:

Division 01: General Requirements

Division 02: Site work

Division 03: Concrete

Division 04: Masonry

Division 05: Metals

Division 06: Wood and Plastics

Division 07: Thermal and Moisture Protection

Division 08: Doors and Windows

Division 09: Finishes

Division 14: Conveying Systems

Division 15: Mechanical

Division 16: Electrical

Each Division comprises a number of related Sections. For example: Division 08 includes eight sections.

They are:

08100 Doors and Frames

08200 Wooden and Plastic Doors

08300 Special Doors

08400 Entrances and Storefronts

08500 Metal Windows

08600 Wooden and Plastic Windows

08700 Hardware

08800 Glazing

Further, each Section incorporates seven Parts as follows:

Part 1: General: This is mainly concerned with the references, quality control, submittals, programs,

and maintenance.



Part 2: Products: This gives a breakdown of material used in addition to their properties and place of

installation.

Part 3: Execution: The most significant items in this Part are the execution and installation of the

works, field quality control, as well as cleaning and protection methods.

Part 4: Methods of Measurement: This indicates the measurement units and the measuring methods

that shall be used for the Bills of Quantities.

Part 5: Basis of Payment: This indicates the work that shall be completed for each item of the Bills of

Quantities. It also indicates the ancillary works to be included in the unit rate.

Part 6: Annex: Tables and Figures: Those relevant to the individual Section.



DIVISION 06 WOOD AND PLASTICS



INDEX

Division 01: General Requirements Division 02: Sitework Division 03: Concrete Division 04: Masonry Division 05: Metals Division 06: Wood & Plastics

06130 Heavy Timber Construction

06400 Architectural Woodwork

Division 07: Thermal & Moisture Protection Division 08: Doors & Windows Division 09: Finishes Division 14: Conveying Systems Division 15: Mechanical Division 16: Electrical

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Division 06 Wood and Plastics Section 06100 Rough Carpentry

2 Al LABINA / AL MANAR

in partnership with Hamza/ ECH/ LCE JV

06100 ROUGH CARPENTRY




1. GENERAL

This work includes the provision of all labor, materials, products, equipment and services required to execute rough carpentry work, as indicated on the drawings, as specified herein, and as required by all trades for a complete project. 1.1 Reference Documents

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN FOREST AND PAPER ASSOCIATION (AFPA)

AFPA-01 (1991; Supply 1993) National Design Specification for Wood Construction.

AFPA WCD No. 1 (1988) Manual for Wood Frame Constrcution

AMERICAN HARDBOARD ASSOCIATION (AHA)

AHA A135.4 (1982; R 1988) Basic Hardboard

AHA A194.1 (1985) Cellulosic Fiberboard

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF TIMBER CONSTRUCTION (AITC)

AITC-01 (1994) Timber Construction Manual

AITC 109 (1990) Standard for Preservative Treatment of Structural Glued Laminated Timber

AITC 111 (1979) Recommended Practice for Protection of Structural Glued Laminated Timber During Transit, Storage and Erection

AITC A190.1 (1992) Structural Glued Laminated Timber

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI A 208.1 (1993) Particleboard




AMERICAN PLYWOOD ASSOCIATION (APA)

APA E30 (1994) Design/Construction Guide, Residential and Commercial

APA E445 (1991; Rev May 1991) Performance Standards and Policies for Structural-Use Panels

APA V450 (1993) Source List – Adhesives for APA Glued Floor System

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM A 307 (1993a) Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile Strength

ASTM C 79 (1994) Gypsum Sheathing Board

ASTM C 208 (1972; R 1982) Insulating Board (Cellulosic Fiber), Structural and Decorative

ASTM C 516 (1980; R 1990) Vermiculite Loose Fill Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 518 (1991) Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties By Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

ASTM C 549 (1981; R 1986) Perlite Loose Fill Insulation

ASTM C 552 (1991) Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 578 (1992) Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 591 (1985) Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 612 (1993) Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 665 (1991) Mineral – Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing

ASTM C 726 (1993) Mineral Fiber Roof Insulation Board

ASTM C 739 (1991) Cellulosic Fiber (Wood – Base) Loose – Fill Thermal Insulation




ASTM C 764 (1991) Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 1013 (1985) Membrane – Faced Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Roof Insulation

ASTM C 1136 (1992) Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

ASTM D 2898 (1981; R 1986) Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing

ASTM E 84 (1991a) Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E 96 (1993) Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

ASTM E 154 (1988) Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover

AMERICAN WOOD PRESERVERS ASSOCIATION (AWPA)

AWPA C 2 (1993) Lumber, Timber, Bridge Ties and Mine Ties – Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 9 (1993) Plywood – Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 20 (1993) Structural Lumber – Fire – Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 27 (1993) Plywood – Fire – Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 28 (1991) Standard for Preservative Treatment of Structural Glued Laminated Members and Laminations Before Gluing of Southern Pine, Coastal Douglas Fir, Hemfir and Western Hemlock by Pressure Processes

AWPA M 4 (1991) Standard for the Care of Preservative – Treated Wood Products

AWPA P5 (1993) Standards for Waterborne Preservatives

CALIFORNIA REDWOOD ASSOCIATION (CRA)




CRA-01 (1992) Standard Specifications for Grades of California Redwood Lumber

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION (CFR)

16 CFR 1209 Interim Safety Standard for Cellulose Insulation

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)

DOC PS 1 (1983) Construction and Industrial Plywood

FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS (FS)

FS FF-N-105 (Rev B; Am 3; Int Am 4; Notice 1) Nails, Brads, Staples and Spikes: Wire, Cut and Wrought

FS HH-I-558 (Rev C) Insulation, Blankets, Thermal (Mineral Fiber, Industrial Type) (Inch-Pound)

FS UU-B-790 (Rev A; Notice 2) Building Paper, Vegetable Fiber: (Kraft, Waterproofed, Water Repellent and Fire Resistant)

NATIONAL HARDWOOD LUMBER ASSOCIATION (NHLA)

NHLA-01 (1994) Rules for the Measurement & Inspection of Hardwood & Cypress

NORTHEASTERN LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NELMA)

NELMA-01 (1993) Standard Grading Rules for Northeastern Lumber

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (SCMA)

SCMA-01 (1986; Supple No. 1, Aug 1993) Standard Specifications for Grades of Southern Cypress

SOUTHERN PINE INSPECTION BUREAU (SPIB)

SPIB-01 (1994) Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber

TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE (TPI)




TPI 85 (1988; Errata; Supple; Addenda QST-88 (Appx P) Design Specification for Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

TPI QST-88 (1988; Appendix P) Quality Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses (Addendum to TPI-85)

WEST COAST LUMBER INSPECTION BUREAU (WCLIB)

WCLIB Std 17 (1993) Grading Rules for West Coast Lubmer

WESTERN WOOD PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION (WWPA)

WWPA-01 (1991; Supple No. 3) Western Lumber Grading Rules 91

1.2 Submittals

1.2.1 Two samples of material, shall be sumbitted for the Engineer’s approved:

• Lumber • Plywood • Sheathing • Accessories and nails • Insulation

1.2.2 Certificates

Manufacturer’s certificates attesting that lumber or material not normally grade marked, meet the specified requirements.

1.3 Delivery, Storage and Handling

Provide dry storage areas. Materials shall be delivered to the site in undamaged condition. Stack materials with 150 mm clearance off the floor in fully covered, well ventilated areas and protected from extreme changes in temprature.

Protect fire-retardant materials against high humidity and moisture.




2. PRODUCTS 2.1 Lumber And Sheathing

2.1.1 Grading And Marking Lumber Products

Solid sawn and finer-jointed lumber shall bear an authorized gradestamp or grademark, certification stamp, mark, or hammerbarnd. Surfaces that are to be exposed to view shall not bear grademarks, stamps, or any type of identifying mark. For coniferous timber, used as solid wood, seasoning periods, which last serveral years, must comply with standards of use of these woods, to prevent movement of resin, cracking and distortion.

Plywood Materials shall bear the grademark, stamp or other identifying marks indicating gardes of material and rules standards under which produced. Such identifying marks shall be in accordance with the rule or standard under which the material is proudced, including requirements for qualifications and authority of the inspection organization, usage of authorized identification, and information included in the identification. Except for plywood, bundle marking will be permitted in lieu of marking each individual piece. Surfaces that are to be architecturally exposed to view shall not bear grademarks, stamps, or other types of identifying marks.

2.1.2 Sizes Lumber and material sizes shall conform to requirements of the rules or standards under which produced. Unless otherwise specified, lumber shall be surfaced on four sides. Size references, unless otherwise specified, are nominal sizes, and actual sizes shall be within manufacturing tolerances allowed by the standard under which the product is produced.

2.1.3 Moisture Content At the time lumber and other materials are delivered and when installed in the work their moisture content shall be as follows: a. Treated and Untreated Lumber.

nominal thickness,100 mm or less,14 percent maximum. 125mm or more, nominal thickness, 18 percent maximum in a 75 mm perimeter of the timber cross-section.

b. Materials Other Than Lumber: In accordance with standard under which product is produced.




2.1.4 Treatment These operations shall be carried out using processes which will not involve any risk of distortion of the woods resulting from too rapid a variation in the degree of humidity. Precautions hsall be taken in order to avoid reabsorption of moistrue.

2.1.4.1 Lumber Lumber shall be treated in accordance with AWPA C2 with waterborne preservatives listed in AWPA P5 to a retention level of 4 kg per cubic meter.

2.1.4.2 Plywood Plywood shall be treated in accordance with AWPA C9 with waterborne preservatives listed in AWPA P5 to a retention level 4.0 kg per cubic meter.

2.1.5 Fire Retardant Pressure Treatment Fire retardant pressure treatment of wood against fire shall comply with AWPA C20 for lumber and AWPA C27 for plywood and local jurisdictional authorities. Pressure fire retardant treat lumber prior to final milling. Provide appropriate labels for treated lumber and plywood as received from the pressure treating plant. Do not expose pressure treated material to dampness between the time the material is treated and the time the finish is applied. Carefully sand surfaces which show surface salt deposits to remove such deposits before finish is appliled. Provide identification on materials delivered to Project site showing that these Specifications have been complied with, on each large item, and on bundles of small items.

2.1.6 Adhesives The Contractor shall indicate the chemical composition, possible uses, gluing processes, and durability of these products and the nature of adhesives which he intends to use for the work. The products used must not only be resistant to sun, bad weather, mildew, insects and other wood-eating animals, but must also have no negative effects on the fire-resistance of the structures in which they are used.




2.1.7 Miscellaneous Wood Members

2.1.7.1 Nonstress Graded Members Members shall include bridging, corner bracing, furring, grounds, and nailing strips.

2.1.7.2 Wood Bumpers Bumpers shall be of the species and grade in accordance with Drawings.

2.1.7.3 Sill Plates Sill plates shall be standard or number 2 grade.

2.1.7.4 Blocking Blocking shall be standard or number 2 grade.

2.1.7.5 Rough Bucks and Frames Rough bucks and frames shall be straight standard or number 2 grade.

2.2 Accessories And Nails

Markings shall identify both the strength grade and the manufacturer. Accessories and nails shall conform to the following: 2.2.1 Anchor Bolts

ASTM A 307, size as indicated, complete with nuts and washers.

2.2.2 Bolts: Lag, Toggle, and Miscellaneous Bolts and Screws Type, size, and finish best suited for intended use. Finish options include zinc compounds, cadmium, and aluminum paint impregnated finishes.

2.2.3 Clip Angles Steel, size best suited for intended use; or zinc-coated steel or iron commercial clips designed for connecting wood members.

2.2.4 Expansion Shields Type and size best suited for intended use.

2.2.5 Nails and Staples FS FF-N-105, size and type best suited for purpose. For sheathing and subflooring, length of nails shall be sufficient to extend 25 mm into supports. In general, 8-penny or larger nails shall be used for nailing through 25 mm thick lumber and for toe nailing 50 mm thick lumber; 16-penny or larger nails shall




be used for nailing through 50mm thick lumber. Nails used with treated lumber and sheathing shall be galvanized. Nailing shall be in accordance with the recommended nailing schedule contained in AFPA WCD No. 1. Where detailed nailing requirements are not specified, nail size and spacing shall be sufficient to develop an adequate strength for the connection. The connection’s strength shall be verified against the nail capacity tables in AFPA-01. Reasonable judgement backed by experience shall ensure that the designed connection will not cause the wood to split. If a load situation exceeds a reasonable limit for nails, a specialized connector shall be used.

2.3 Insulation Thermal resistance of insulation shall be not less than the R-values shown. R-values shall be determined at 24 degrees C in accordacne with ASTM C 518. Insulation shall contain the highest practicable percentage of recovered material which has been recovered or diverted from solid waste, but not including material resued in a manufacturing process. Where two materials have the same price and performance, the one containing the higher recovered material content shall be provided. Insulation shall be the standard product of a manufacturer and factory marked or identified with manufacturer’s name or trademark and R-value. Identification shall be on individual pieces or individual packages. Materials containing more than one percent asbestos will not be allowed. 2.3.1 Glass Fiber Batts and Rolls

Glass fiber batts and folls shall conform to ASTM C 665, Type I unfaced insulation, having a UL rating of and a smoke developed rating of 150 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Insulation shall have a 0.25mm thick, white, puncture resistant woven-glass cloth with vinyl facing on one side. Width and length shall suit construction conditions.

3. EXECUTION

Installation of Framing Examine Drawings and furnish all rough carpentry required for the Work. 3.1.1 General

Members shall be closely fitted, accurately set to required lines and levels, and rigidly secured in place. Members shall be framed for passage of ducts. Members shall be cut, notched, or bored in accordance with applicable requirements of AFPA-01 for the passage of pipes, wires, or conduits.




Provide running members of the longest lengths obtainable. Properly frame material with tight joints and rigidly secure in place. Design construction methods to allow for expansion and contraction of the materials. Conceal joints and connections wherever possible. Locate prominent joints only where directed. Match joints made on the site with joints made in the shop. Accurately scribe, cope and mitre members where required to produce hairline joints. Erect work plumb, level, square and to the required lines. Do not regard blocking, strapping and other rough carpentry indicated as complete or exact. Provide rough carpentry items required for the installation of the work of other Sections.

Installation of Miscellaneous Wood Members Blocking

Blocking shall be provided as necessary for application of other materials or building items. Blocking shall be cut to fit between framing members and rigidly nailed thereto.

Nailers and Nailing Strips Nailers and nailing strips shall be provided as necessary for the attachment of finish materials. Nailers used in conjunction with roof deck installation shall be installed flush with the roof deck system. Stacked nailers shall be assembled with spikes or nails spaced not more than 450 mm on center and staggered. Beginning and ending nails shall not be more than 150 mm for nailer end. Ends of stacked nailers shall be offset approximately 300 mm in long runs and alternated at corners. Anchors shall extend through the entire thickness of the nailer. Strips shall be run in lengths as long as practicable, butt jointed, cut into woood framing members when necessary, and rigidly secured in place. Provide fire retardant treated nailing strips, strapping and furring for interior locations.

Wood Grounds Wood grounds shall be provided as necessary for attachement of trim, finish, and other work to plaster. Grounds shall be run in lengths as long as practicable, butt jointed, and rigidlly secured in place.

Furring Strips Furring strips shall be provided at the locations shown. Furring strips shall be installed at 400 mm on center unless otherwise




shown, run in lengths as long as practicable, butt jointed and rigidly secured in place.

Rough Bucks and Frames Rough bucks shall be set straight, true, and plumb, and secured with anchors near top and bottom of each wood member and at intermediate intervals of not more than 900 mm. Anchors for concrete shall be expansion bolts, and anchors for masonry shall be 5 by 32 mm steel straps extending not less 200 mm into the masonry and turned down 50 mm itno the masonry.

Wood Bumpers Wood bumpers shall be bored, countersunk and securely bolted in place.

Rough Hardware Provide rough hardware, including hardware for temporary enclosures. Provide fasteners long enough so that at least half their length penetrates into the second member. Minimize splitting of wood members by staggering the fasteners in the direction of the grain and by keeping fasteners well in from edges. Use spiral, annualr or resin coated nails for plywood. Use spiral galvanized nails for exterior exposed lumber. Fasten to hollow units with toggle bolts; to solid masonry or concrete wth lead expansion shields and lag screws. Do not use organic fibre or wood plugs.

Backing Boards Provide 20 mm thick fire retardant treated sofwood plywood backing boards GIS for mounting telephone and electrical equipment. Attach backing boards with recessed mechanical fasteners.

Wood Preservative Re-treat surfaces exposed by cutting, trimming or boring with preservative before installation. Apply touch-up preservative by dipping, or by brush or spray to completely saturate and maintain wet film on surface for minimum 3 minute soak on lumber and one minute soak on plywood or MDF.

Fire Retardant Treated Wood Provide fire retardant treated wood blocking where blocking is indicated in fire rated areas.




3.3 Installation of Insulation Insulation shall be installed after construction has advanced to a point that the installed insulation will not be damaged by remaining work. For thermal insulation the actual installed thickness shall provide the thermal resistance shown. For acoustical insulation the installed thickness shal be as shown. Insulation shall be installed on the weather side of such items as electrical boxes and water lines. Unless otherwise specified, installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation.

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Division 06 Wood and Plastics Section 06130 Heavy Timber Construction



Division 06 - Wood and Plastics

Section 06130 - Heavy Timber Construction

Part 1: General 1 01 Summary

The work covered by this Section consists of providing all plant, labour and materials, and of performing all operations in connections with the execution of Carpentry Work on general timber structures of dry construction. These requirements shall apply to timber, glued laminated timber, plywood, tempered hardboard and wood particle boards in load-bearing members when used as simple members, or as a part of built-up components, or as parts of structures incorporating other materials.

This Section does not apply to:

Formwork for concreting purposes

Support of excavations

Parquetry

Ledged and braced doors and gates

1 01 01 Section Includes 01.0 Structural Frame Work 02.0 Timber Trusses 03.0 Structural Panels 04.0 Timber Decking 05.0 Timber Treatment 06.0 Accessories 07.0 Adhesives 08.0 Nailed, screwed, bolted, dowelled, connector and glued joints

1 01 04 Related Sections 06200 Finish Carpentry

06400 Architectural Woodwork

1 02 References 1 02 01 Applicable Standards 1 02 01 03 International Standards 1 02 01 03 01 International Standards Organization (ISO)

ISO 724: 93 ISO General - Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Basic Dimensions

ISO 737: 75 Coniferous sawn timber - Sizes - Method of measurements

ISO 738: 81 Coniferous sawn timber - Sizes - Permissible deviations and shrinkage

ISO 818: 75 Fibre building boards - Definition - Classification

ISO 820: 75 Particle boards - Definition and classification

ISO 898 - Mechanical Properties of Fastener




ISO 898 - 1: 88 Part 1: Bolts, Screws and Studs

ISO 1029: 74 Coniferous sawn timber - Defects - Classification

ISO 1030: 75 Coniferous sawn timber - Defects - Measurement

ISO 1031: 74 Coniferous sawn timber - Defects - Terms and definitions

ISO 1032: 74 Coniferous sawn timber - Sizes - Terms and definitions

ISO 1097: 75 Plywood - Measurement of dimensions of panels

ISO 1098: 75 Veneer plywood for general use - General requirements

ISO 1502: 96 General - Purpose Metric Screw Threads - Gauges and Gauging

ISO 1891: 79(80) Bolts, Screws, Nuts and Accessories - Terminology and Nomenclature

ISO 2695: 76 Fiber Building Boards - Hard and Medium Boards for General Purposes - Appearance, Shape and Dimensional Tolerances

ISO 2696: 76 Fiber Building Boards - Hard and Medium Boards for General Purpose - Quality Specifications - Water Absorption and Swelling in Thickness

ISO 3179: 74 Coniferous Sawn Timber - Nominal Dimensions

ISO 4759- Tolerances for Fasteners

ISO 4759-1: 78 Part 1: Bolts, Screws and Nuts with Thread Diameters Greater than or Equal to 1,6 and less than or Equal to 150mm and Product Grades A, B, and C

ISO 4759-3: 91 Part 3: Plain Washers for Bolts, Screws and Nuts with Nominal Thread Diameters from1 up to and Including 150 mm. Product Grades A and C

1 02 01 04 USA Standards 1 02 01 04 01 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM D 9: 87 Standard Terminology Relating to Wood (Amendment 1992)

ASTM D 245: 93 Standard Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber

ASTM D 1037: 96 Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood - Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

ASTM D 1038: 83 Standard Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood (Amendment 1993)

ASTM D 1101: 92 Standard Test Methods for Integrity of Glue Joints in Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use

ASTM D 1165: 80 Standard Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Softwoods (Amendment 1994)

ASTM D 1554: 86 Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Wood - Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials (Amendment 1993)

ASTM D 1601: 86 Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers (Amendment 1991)

ASTM D 1760 : 96 Standard Specification for Pressure Treatment of Timber Products

ASTM D 1990 : 91 Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually - Graded Dimension Lumber from In – Grade Tests of Full - Size Specimens (Amendment 1996)




ASTM D 2555 : 96 Standard Test Methods for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values

ASTM D 2559 : 92 Standard Specification for Adhesives for Structural Laminated Wood Products for Use under Exterior (Wet Use) Exposure Conditions (Amendment 1996)

ASTM D 2898 : 94 Standard Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire -

Retardant - Treated Wood for Fire Testing (Amendment 1996)

ASTM D 3201 : 94 Standard Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-

Retardant Wood and Wood-Base Products (Amendment 1996)

ASTM D 3737 : 96 Standard Practice for Establishing Stresses for Structural Glued Laminated Timber ( Glulam)

ASTM D 3930 : 93 Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood - Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes

ASTM F 547 : 77 Standard Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood - Base Materials (Amendment 1984)

1 02 01 04 20 American Wood-Preservers`Association AWPA C1 : 95 All Timber Products - Preservative Treatment by Pressure

Processes

AWPA C 9 : 95 Plywood, Pressure Treatment

AWPA C15 : 95 Wood for Commercial - Residential Construction, Preservative Treatment

AWPA C16 : 95 Wood used on Frames, Pressure Treatment

AWPA C20 : 93 Structural lumber, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

AWPA C27 : 93 Plywood, Fire-Retardant Pressure Treatment

AWPA C28 : 95 Structural Glued Laminated Members and Laminations Before Gluing, Pressure Treatment

AWPA C33 : 93 Preservative Treatment of Structural Composite Lumber

AWPA M4 : 95 Care of Pressure - Treated Wood Products

AWPA M5 : 95 Glossary of Terms used in Wood Preservation

1 02 01 04 21 American Institute of Timber Construction AITC 117-D : 93 Standard Specifications for Structural Glued Laminated Timber

of Softwood Species Design Requirements

AITC 117-M : 93 Standard Specification for Structural Glued Laminated Timber of Softwood Species Manufacturing requirements

AITC 119 : 85 Standard Specifications for Hardwood Glued Laminated Timber

AITC 200 : 92 Inspection Manual

AITC A190.1 : 92 Structural Glued Laminated Timber

1 02 01 05 European Standards EN 301 : 92 Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber

structures : classification and performance requirements

EN 302 - Adhesives for Load-Bearing Timber Structures - Test Methods-

EN 302 - 1 : 92 Part 1 : Determination of Bond Strength in Longitudinal Tensile Shear




EN 302 - 2 : 92 Part 2 : Determination of Resistance to Delamination (Laboratory Method)

EN 302 - 3 : 92 Part 3 : Determination of the Effect of Acid Damage to Wood Fibers by Temperature and Humidity Cycling on the Transverse Tensile Strength

EN 302 - 4 : 92 Part 4 : Determination of the Effects of Wood Shrinkage on the Shear Strength

EN 309 : 92 Wood Particleboards - Definition and Classification

EN 310 : 93 Wood-based panels - Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength

EN 311 : 92 Particleboards - Surface Soundness of Particleboards - Test Method

EN 312 - Particleboards - Specifications

EN 312 - 1 : 96 Part 1 : General Requirements for all Board Types

EN 312 - 2 : 96 Part 2 : Requirements for General Purpose Boards for Use in Dry Conditions

EN 312 - 3 : 96 Part 3 : Requirements for Boards for Interior Fitments for Use in Dry Conditions

EN 312 - 4 : 96 Part 4 : Requirements for Load - Bearing Boards for Use in Dry Conditions

EN 312 - 6 : 96 Part 6 : Requirements for Heavy Duty Load- Bearing Boards for Use in Dry Conditions

EN 313 - Plywood - Classification and Terminology

EN 313 - 1 : 96 Part 1 : Classification

EN 320 : 93 Fiber boards - Determination of Resistance to Axial withdrawal of Screws

EN 321 : 91 Fiberboards - Cyclic Tests in Humid Conditions

EN 322 : 93 Wood-based panels - Determination of moisture content

EN 323 : 93 Wood-based panels - Determination of density

EN 324 - Wood-based panels - Determination of dimensions of boards

EN 324 - 1: 93 Part 1 : Determination of thickness width and length

EN 324 - 2 : 93 Part 2 : Determination of Squareness and Edge Straightness

EN 325 : 93 Wood - Based Panels - Determination of Dimensions of Test Pieces

EN 326 - Wood - Based Panels - Sampling, Cutting and Inspection

EN 326 - 1 : 94 Part 1 : Sampling and Cutting of Test Pieces and Expression of Test Results

EN 336 : 95 Structural timber - Coniferous and poplar - Sizes - Permissible deviation

EN 338 : 95 Structural Timber - Strength Classes

EN 380 : 93 Timber Structures - Test Methods - General Principles for Static Load Testing

EN 384 : 95 Structural timber - Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density




EN 385 : 95 Finger Jointed Structural Timber - Performance Requirements and Minimum Production Requirements

EN 386 : 95 Glued laminated timber-Performance requirements and minimum production requirements

EN 390 : 94 Glued laminated timber - Sizes - Permissible deviations

EN 391 : 95 Glued laminated Timber - Delamination Test of Glue Lines

EN 392 : 95 Glued laminated timber - Shear test of glue lines

EN 518 : 95 Structural timber - Grading - Requirements for visual strength grading standards

EN 519 : 95 Structural timber - Grading - Requirements for machine strength graded timber and grading machines

EN 595 : 95 Timber Structures - Test Methods - Test of Trusses for the Determination of Strength and Deformation Behaviour

EN 635 Plywood - Classification by surface appearance

EN 635 - 1 : 94 Part 1 - General

EN 635 - 2 : 95 Part 2 - Hardwood

EN 635 - 3 : 95 Part 3 - Softwood

EN 20898 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

EN 20898 - 1 : 92 Part 1 - Bolts, Screws, and Studs ( see ISO 898-1)

PREN 636 - Plywood - Specifications

PREN 636 - 1 : 92 Part 1 - Requirements for Plywood for Non - Covered Exterior Use

PREN 636 - 2 : 92 Part 2 - Requirements for Plywood for Covered Exterior Use

PREN 636 - 3 : 92 Part 3 - Requirements for Plywood for Interior Use

1 02 01 06 British Standards BS 144 : 97 Coal Tar Creosote for Wood Preservation

BS 476 - 1 : 71 Part 1 : Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures

BS 919 - 3 : 68 Specification for Screw Gauge Limits and Tolerances, Part 3 : Gauges for ISO Metric Screw Threads

BS 1142 : 89(92) Fibre Building Boards

BS 1202 - Specification for nails

BS 1202 - 1 : 74(91) Part 1: Steel Nails

BS 1202 - 2 : 74 Part 2: Copper Nails

BS 1202 - 3 : 74 Part 3: Aluminium Nails

BS 1203 : 79(90) Synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) for plywood

BS 1204 : 93 Type MR phenolic and aminoplastic synthetic resin adhesives for wood

BS 1210 : 63 Wood Screws

BS 1282 : 75 Guide to the Choice, Use and Application of Wood Preservatives

BS 1579 : 60 Connectors for Timber

BS 3544 : 62(92) Methods of Test for Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives for Wood




BS 3643 - ISO Metric Screw Threads

BS 3643 - 1 : 81 Part 1: Principles and Basic Data

BS 3643 - 2 : 81 Part 2: Selected Limits of Size

BS 4071 : 66(92) Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Emulsion Adhesives for Wood

BS 4072 - Wood Preservation by Means of Copper/ Chromium/ Arsenic Compositions

BS 4072 - 1 : 87(89) Preservatives

BS 4072 - 2 : 87 Method of Timber Treatment

BS 4261 : 85 Glossary of Terms Relating to Timber Preservation

BS 4320 : 68 Metal Washers for General Engineering Purposes

BS 4978 : 96(97) Visual strength grading of softwood

BS 5268 - Structural use of timber

BS 5268 - 4 Fire resistance of timber structures

BS 5268 - 4 : 78(90) Section 4.1 : Recommendations for calculating fire resistance of timber members

BS 5268 - 4 : 90 Section 4.2 : Recommendations for calculating fire resistance of timber stud walls and joisted floor constructions

BS 5442 Classification of Adhesives for Construction

BS 5442 - 3 : 79 Part 3 : Adhesives for Use with Wood

BS 5666 Wood Preservatives and Treatment Timber

BS 5666 - 2 : 80 Part 2 : Qualitative Analysis

BS 5707 : 97 Preparations of Wood Preservations in Organic Solvents

BS 5756 : 97 Visual strength grading of hardwood

BS 6040 : 81 Nomenclature for Bolts, Screw, Nuts and Accessories

BS 6100 Glossary of building and civil engineering terms

BS 6100 - 4 Forest products

BS 6100 - 4.1 :92 Characteristics and properties of timber and wood based panel products

BS 6100 - 4.2 :84 Sizes and quantities of solid timber

BS 6100 - 4.3 :84 Wood based panel products

BS 6100 - 4.4 : 92 Carpentry and joinery

BS 6446 : 84 Manufacture of glued structural components of timber and wood based panel products

BS 7359 : 91 Nomenclature of Commercial Timbers Including Sources of Supply

BS EN 20898 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners

BS EN 20898 - 1: 92 Part 1 : Bolts, Screws and Studs (see ISO 898-1)

1 02 01 07 German Standard DIN 96 : 86 Slotted round head wood screws

DIN 97 : 86 Slotted Countersunk head wood screws

DIN 571 : 86 Hexagon head wood screws




DIN 1052 - Timber structures

DIN 1052 - 1:96 Part 1 : Design and construction

DIN 1052 - 2:96 Part 2 : Mechanical joints

DIN 1052 - 3:96 Part 3 : Buildings constructed from timber panels - Design and construction

DIN 1151 :73 Round Plain Head and Countersunk Head Wire Nails

DIN 1152 : 73 Round Lost Head Wire Nails

DIN 4074 -1 : 89 Strength grading of coniferous wood ; coniferous sawn timber

DIN 4074 -2 : 58 Building Timber for Wood Building Components ; Quality Conditions for Building Logs (Softwood)

DIN 4074 -3 : 89 Strength grading of coniferous wood ; grading machine; requirements and testing

DIN 4074 -4 : 89 Strength grading of coniferous wood; certificate of suitability for machine grading

DIN 18201 : 97 Tolerances in building : Terminology, principles, application, testing

DIN 18202 : 97 Dimensional tolerances in building construction : Buildings

DIN 18203 - 3 : 84 Tolerances for building : building components of timber and wood based panel products

DIN 18334 : 88 Carpentry Works

DIN 68141 : 95 Wood adhesives - Determination of Properties of use of Wood Adhesives for Load - Bearing Timber Structures

DIN 68365 : 57 Structural timber for carpentry; quality conditions

DIN 68705 - 2 : 81 Part 2: Plywood; plywood for general use

DIN 68705 - 3 : 81 Part 3 : Plywood; structural veneer plywood

DIN 68705 - 4 : 81 Part 4 : Plywood; structural core - plywood

DIN 68705 - 5 : 80 Part 5 : Plywood; structural plywood made from beech

DIN 68750 : 58 Wood Fibre Building Boards; Porous and HardWood Fibre Building Boards; Quality Conditions

DIN 68754 -1 : 76 Part 1:Hard and medium hard boards for the building; grade 20 of derived timber products

DIN 68800 protection of timber

DIN 68800 -2 : 96 Part 2 : Preventive constructional measures in buildings

DIN 68800 -3 : 90 Part 3 : preventive chemical protection

DIN 68800 -5 : 90 Part 5 : preventive chemical protection for wood based materials

1 02 01 08 Canadian Standards CSA 0121 - M : 78 Canadian Douglas fir plywood

CSA 0151 - M : 78 Canadian softwood plywood

CSA 080.20 - M 89 Fire - Retardant Treatment of Lumber by Pressure Processes

CSA 080.27 - M 89 Fire - Retardant Treatment of Plywood by Pressure Processes




1 02 01 09 Swedish Standard SBN : 75 : 5 Wood based sheet material - Manufacture and control of

constructional boards

1 02 01 10 Finnish Standards SFS 2412 : 71 General rules for the classification of plywood with outer plies of

Birch

SFS 2413 : 71 Quality requirements for appearance of plywood with outer plies of birch

SFS 4091 : 88 Finnish combi plywood

SFS 4092 : 88 Finnish conifer plywood

1 02 02 Codes BS 5268 - 2 : 96(97) Part 2 : Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials

and workmanship

BS 5268 - 5 : 89 Part 5 : Code of practice for the preservative treatment of structural timber

BS 5669 - 5 : 93(97) Code of practice for the selection and application of particleboards for specific purposes

BS 7916 : 98 Code of practice for the selection and application of particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), cement bonded particleboard and wood fiberboard for specific purposes.

BS 8000 - 5 : 90 Part 5 : Code of Practice for Carpentry, Joinery and General Fixings

DD ENV 1995 - 1 - 1 Eurocode 5 : Design of timber structures Part 1.1 General rules and rules for buildings

1 02 03 Other References NBS PS 1-82 American Construction and Industrial Plywood

NLGA : 87 (92) North American Export Standard for Machine Stress - Rated Lumber, (also produced by SPIB,WCLIB, WWPA)

NLGA : 94 National Grading Rules for Dimension Lumber

PS 1 - 95 Product Standard (for Construction and Industrial Plywood) of the United States Department of Commerce

PS 2 - 92 Voluntary Product Standard ( Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels), the United State Department of Commerce

1 03 Definitions 1 03 01 Technical Terms

The following description of terms is extensively based on:

BS 6100 - Glossary of building and civil engineering terms

EN 309 : 1992 Wood particleboards - Definition and classification

batten - small section, usually of timber, to which sheet materials, slates and roof tiles or similar are fixed

customary size - is specified as target size




dry graded timber - timber that is part of a batch that has been assessed for fissures and distortion at an average moisture content of 20% or less, with no reading exceeding 24% moisture content

fissure - longitudinal separation of fibers, appearing on a face, edges or end of a piece of softwood, and including checks, shakes and splits

glued laminated member (glulam)- timber structural member obtained by gluing together a number of laminations having their grain essentially parallel

grade - established classification of timber and wood based panel products according to quality or performance

grade stress - stress which can safely be permanently sustained by material of a specific section size and of a particular strength class or species and grade

hardboard - fiber building board that has a density usually exceeding 800 kg/m3

hardwood - wood of trees of the botanical group DICOTYLEDONAE

horizontal glulam- Glued laminated timber with the glue line plane perpendicular to the long length of the cross section

lumber - timber dressed for use. The product of the sawmill and planing mill usually not further manufactured other than by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, crosscutting to length, and matching

member - structural component which may be either a piece of solid timber or built up from pieces of timber, plywood, etc. (e.g. floor joist, box beam, member in a truss)

nominal size ( lumber) - the appropriate rough - sawn commercial size designation of width and depth, by which it is known and sold in the market. Actual rough - sawn sizes may vary from the nominal. References to standards or grade rules are required to determine nominal / actual finished size relationships

parcel - quantity of sawn timber of the same target size, quality and description

particleboard - panel material manufactured under pressure and heat from particles of wood (wood flakes, chips, shaving, saw-dust, wafers, strands and similar) and /or other lignocellulosic materials in particle forum (flax shives, hemp shives, bagasse fragments and similar) with addition of an adhesive

pellet - plug matching the grain of the surrounding timber used to cover a screw or other fixing

plywood - wood based panel product consisting of an assembly of plies bonded together, some or all of which are wood. Normally the direction of the grain in adjacent plies is at right angles, with the outer and inner plies placed symmetrically on each side of a central ply or core

sample - number of specimens of one cross-sectional size and from one parcel

slope of grain - the inclination of the wood fibers (grain) to the longitudinal axis of the piece. The slope shall be expressed as the number of units of length over which unit deviation occurs

softwood - wood of trees of the botanical group GYMNOSPERMS, commercial timbers of this group are practically confined to the class of conifers

strength class - classification of softwood based on particular characteristic values of bending strength, density and mean modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain

stud - one of a series of slender wood structural members used as supporting elements in walls and partitions

target size - size used to indicate the size desired (at 20 % moisture content), and used, without further modification, for design calculations




tempered hardboard - hardboard with higher strength and resistance to water absorption than standard hardboard. It has a density usually exceeding 960 kg/m3

timber - wood in the form of standing or felled trees, or the product of these after conversion

vertical glulam- Glued laminated timber with the glue lines plane perpendicular to the short length of the cross section

wall plate - structural member along the top of a wall or built into its length, that distributes the forces from joists, rafters or roof trusses

wet graded timber - timber that is part of a batch that has been assessed for fissures and distortion at average moisture content in excess of 20%

wood based panel product - manufactured panel, board or sheet made from veneers, wood particles or wood fibers

1 03 02 Abbreviations ALSC American Lumber Standard Committee (US)

APA American Plywood Association (US)

CLSAB Canadian Lumber Standards Accreditation (Canada)

COFI Council of Forest Industries (Canada)

CSA Canadian Standards Association (Canada)

ECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)

KD Kiln dried

MSR North American Export Standard for Machine Stress-Rated Lumber

NBS National Bureau of Standards (US)

NELMA Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association (US)

NGRDL National Grading Rules for Dimension Lumber (US)

NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology (US)

NLGA National Lumber Grades Authority (Canada)

RIS Redwood Inspection Service (US)

SPIB Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (US)

TTF Timber Trade Federation (UK)

UKTGC UK Timber Grading Committee (UK)

VTT Technical Research Center of Finland (Finland)

WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (US)

WWPA Western Wood Products Association (US)

1 05 Submittals Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Section 1300.

1 05 01 Product Data Provide product data for all structural timber including the grading, size, surface condition, quality, moisture content of timber used, and service class. Proof of treatment shall be given prior to the storage and the use of any timber in the work.




Provide certificates from the supplier of the adhesive, to prove that the adhesive supplied is capable of performing correctly under the climatic and atmospheric conditions likely to be encountered in Lybia and test certificates to ensure appropriate bond.

Provide certificates from both the preservative and the glue manufacturers to prove compatibility.

Provide certificates confirming that the solution and method of impregnation or coating used are correct for the purpose for which they are to be used in relation to the expected climatic conditions and insect attack inLybia.

The contractor shall submit certificates to the Engineer confirming that the method and material proposed for fire - retardant treatment give the performance required.

1 05 02 Shop Drawings Provide shop drawings showing fabrication and installation of standard and custom made timber and prefabricated structural timber. Include details of the connection and method of securing member, anchorage, cuts and notches in structural member, metal seats, columns caps, brackets, sheer plates, split ring, and seats of the girders or beams in load bearing brick or masonry. Details for handling shall be shown on the working drawing

1 05 03 Samples 1 05 04 Quality Control Submittals

Documented experience of contractor`s site supervisor(s).

Reports and records of contractor`s Internal `Quality Control`.

Reports and records of contractor`s External `Quality Control`.

1 05 05 Handing - Over Submittals 1 05 05 02 Operation and Maintenance Data

Provide schedule and data for maintenance of structural metalwork if any, bolts, and features of the construction which are essential to the structural performance. e.g. vapour barriers, ventilators, etc.

1 06 Quality Assurance Sampling, testing and checking shall be recorded on a daily basis (i.e. indicating day, month, year) including corrective actions taken by the contractor if necessary.

Reports and records shall be available for assessment to the Engineer not later than three (3) days after testing and checking.

Reports and records shall be established in a manner to ensure traceability between records, test results and locations of timber parcel.

Arrangement shall be made in contractor`s work schedule and time allowed for testing and checking as indicated.

1 06 01 Qualifications 1 06 01 01 Qualifications of Manufacturers

Products used in the work of this Section shall be produced by manufacturers regularly engaged in manufacture of similar items and with a history of successful production acceptable to the Engineer.




1 06 01 02 Qualifications of Installers Use adequate number of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of work. Contractor`s site supervisor(s) shall have knowledge of referenced standards and at least five (5) years of documented experience.

1 06 03 Certifications All structural timber should be graded under the Supervision of a/ and bear the mark of a Third Party certification body approved for that purpose by the Engineer.

The grading and the mark of a Third Party shall comply but not limited to one of the following as approved by the Engineer:

- Grading rules apply to products graded in the UK , in accordance with BS 5268 : Part 2. All approved certification bodies are given in a list published by the Timber Trade Federation.

- Grading rules apply to products graded outside the UK (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). National Grading Rules for Dimension Lumber , NLGA.

- Grading rules apply to products graded outside the UK (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). National Grading Rules for softwood Dimension Lumber, NGRDL.

- Grading rules apply to products bearing the mark of the Council of Forest Industries (COFI) (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). CSA 0121 - M 1978, CSA 0151 - M 1978.

- Grading rules apply to products bearing the mark of the American Plywood Association (APA) or Timberco Inc. (TECO) ( adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). NBS PS 1-83.

- Grading rules apply to products bearing the mark of the Technical Research Center of Finland (VTT) (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). SFS 2412, SFS 2413, SFS 4091, SF 4092, BS EN 310, BS EN 314, BS EN 315, BS EN 322, BS EN 323, and BS EN 324.

- Grading rules apply to products bearing the mark of Boverket, (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2). SBN 1975.5

- Grading rules of ECE (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2).

- Grading rules MSR :87 produced by the NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, and WWPA (adopted in BS 5268 : part 2).

- Grading rules specified in the 1997 Uniform Building Code Standard 23-1,23-2, 23-3.

- Grading standards given in EN 518 : INSTA, NF B 52-001-4, STS 04, UNI 8198, IS 127, DIN 4074 (1)

1 06 04 Quality Control 1 06 04 01 Internal Quality Control

Contractor’s internal quality control shall include but not be limited to:

Checking supplier’s test certificates and certificates of compliance to conform with specification and referenced standards prior to assembly or installation.

Checking suppliers delivery tickets of each delivery for completeness and compliance with supply order and specification.

For further quality control requirements see Part 2 : Products.




1 06 04 03 Source Quality Control 1 06 04 03 01 Marking

Each piece of graded soft-, hardwood shall be indicated by marking or stamping on one face

Each parcel or package of particleboard shall be clearly marked by the manufacture either by indelible direct printing or by an adhesive label. Additionally, panels may be colour coded.

1 07 Delivery, Storage and Handling 1 07 01 Packing and Shipping

Undue distortion of components during transportation and handling should be avoided. The recommendations given in BS 8000 (5) shall be followed. Damage from chafing or slings should also be avoided. Where design assumptions for long, flexible or heavy components dictate certain methods of handing, lifting points should be marked on the components and methods of lifting should be shown on the shop drawings.

During handling ensure that items are not subjected to stresses greater than those that they will sustain once installed. In particular; a) support flat, planar items at all corners, b) support linear items adequately along their length to avoid undue bow.

Graded timber shall be protected in transport to the extent necessary to minimize downgrading of the timber.

To maintain particleboard in first-class condition prior to use, the recommendation given in the following standard shall be followed :

01.0 BS 7916

02.0 EN 312

1 07 02 Storage and Protection Keep the site clean and tidy in order that the checking, handling and storage of materials and components can be carried out speedily and effectively.

Precautions should be taken during storage, prior to delivery, and on site to minimize changes in moisture content due to the weather. Rain, damp and direct sunlight are all potentially harmful to timber and wood - based components.

Materials and components should be stored on dry bases, and stacks should be supported on bearers with spacer sticks at regular intervals. Stacks should be sheeted with tarpaulins or other impervious material so arranged to give full cover, but at the same time to permit free passage of air around and through the stack. Care should be taken not to deform stacked material

Where it is essential that materials and components have low moisture contents and it may not be possible to maintain suitable conditions on site other than for short periods, deliveries should be arranged accordingly.

Carcassing timber delivered packaged should not be stored in packaged form for lengthy periods. Where early use is not possible, packages should be opened and the timber should be open - piled and suitably protected together with any loose timber.

Plywood and other wood - based materials, whether packaged or otherwise, should be stored under cover for preference. The original packages should be sheeted with tarpaulins or other impervious material

Provide storage in accordance with BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent Standard. Structural components should be stored undistorted and clear of the ground on leveled trestles, stillages or other suitable bearers. They should be sheeted with tarpaulins or other




impervious material. Particular care should be taken to avoid damage to all materials and components during storage on site.

1 11 Maintenance 1 11 01 Maintenance Service

Structural metalwork if any should be periodically inspected. Corroded fittings should be thoroughly checked , cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosive or, if necessary replaced.

Bolts in structural timberwork have to be periodically re-tightened if moisture contents in service fluctuate by more than 10%. In all cases it is advisable to check the tightness of bolts some 6 weeks to 8 weeks after completion of the structure, and access for this purpose should be provided. A second inspection about 12 months after completion is required in the case of large and heavy members.

It is imperative that features of the construction which are essential to the structural performances of timber and timber - based components, e.g. vapour barriers, ventilators, etc., are maintained in an effective condition during the intended life of the structural timberwork. It shall be performed in accordance with BS 5268 : Part 5 or an equivalent Standard.




Part 2 : Products 2 01 Materials 2 01 01 Timber 2 01 01 01 General

All timber shall be properly seasoned and planed square, straight and true where required.

Woods with high resin content shall be avoided wherever possible.

Timber shall be free from evidence of fungus attack, insect attack, abnormal drying defects, twist, warp and indication of shrinkage.

Any piece which contains defects such as compression wood, insect damage, fungal decay (but not sapstan), mechanical damage, combinations of knots and/or other characteristics, which may cause a decrease in strength properties to an amount which threatens the serviceability of the finished component shall be excluded.

Visual and machine strength grading should be carried out under the control of a third party certification body approved by the Engineer.

01.0 Timber shall be strength graded by an approved strength grading machine operated in accordance with the requirements of :

01.1 BS EN 519

01.2 North American Export Standard for Machine Stress-Rated Lumber (MSR)

02.0 Timber shall be strength graded by visual inspection in accordance with the requirements of :

02.1 BS 4978

02.2 BS EN 518

02.3 ECE

02.4 BS 5756

02.5 NLGA

02.6 NGRDL

03.0 For timber to be used in service classes 1 and 2, the assessment of fissures and distortion by the grader should be made with the timber dried to an average moisture content of :

03.1 20%

03.2 lower than 20%

with no reading being in excess of 24%, and this timber should be marked `DRY` or `KD`

2 01 01 02 Strength Class Softwood strength class shall be as indicated in the structural design.

Hardwood strength class shall be as indicated in the structural design.

2 01 01 03 Grade / Species 2 01 01 03 01 Grade

Timber shall be :

01.0 Visually graded in accordance with one of the following standards:




BS 4978

BS 5756

EN 518

ECE

02.0 Graded in accordance with:

NLGA

NGRLD

MSR

the requirements of EN 519

or as approved by the Engineer

2 01 01 03 02 Species/ Softwood / North American Softwood Species Softwood shall be of the variety specified as :

01.0 Douglas fir - larch (Canada)

02.0 Douglas fir - larch (USA)

03.0 Hem - fir (Canada)

04.0 Hem - fir (USA)

05.0 Spruce - pine - fir (Canada)

06.0 Spruce - pine - fir (USA)

07.0 Sitka spruce (Canada)

08.0 Western white woods (USA)

09.0 Southern pine (USA)

2 01 01 03 03 Species/ Softwood / British grown Softwood Species Softwood shall be of the variety specified as :

01.0 Douglas fir (British)

02.0 Larch (British)

03.0 British pine (British)

04.0 British spruce

2 01 01 03 04 Species/ Softwood Softwood shall be of the variety specified as :

01.0 Parana pine

02.0 Caribbean pitch pine

03.0 Redwood

04.0 White wood

05.0 Western red cedar

06.0 Corsican pine

07.0 Norway spruce

08.0 Radiata pine

09.0 Zimbabwean pine

10.0 South African pine




2 01 01 03 05 Species / Hardwood Hardwood shall be of the variety specified as :

01.0 Iroko

02.0 Jarrah

03.0 Teak

04.0 Merbau

05.0 Opepe

06.0 Karri

07.0 Kerving

08.0 Ekki

09.0 Kapur

10.0 Kempas

11.0 Balau

12.0 Greenheart

2 01 01 03 06 Species/ Malaysian Hardwoods Hardwood shall be of the variety specified as :

01.0 Merautis

02.0 Keruing

03.0 Kempas

04.0 Kapur

05.0 Merbau

06.0 Rubberwood

07.0 Kembang

08.0 Semangkok

09.0 Mengkulang

10.0 Sepetir

11.0 Nyatoh

12.0 Balan

2 01 01 04 Dimension (Section Size) 2 01 01 04 01 Target Size

The required target size of members should be specified in compliance with EN 336 or an equivalent Standard. Sizes shall be measured in accordance with ISO 737.

2 01 01 04 02 Permissible Deviations for Dimensions The average actual thickness and the average actual width of square-edged timber shall not be less than the target sizes making allowance for changes in size due to changes in moisture content. Changes in size due to change in moisture content shall meet the requirements of EN 336 or an equivalent Standard. Permitted deviations in cross - section dimensions ( due to variability in sawing and machining from target sizes shall meet the requirements of EN 336 or an equivalent Standard.




2 01 01 05 Marking If grade marks are to be removed for aesthetic reasons, each parcel of a single grade shall be dispatched under the cover of a certificate of Compliance stating information according to requirements listed in BS 5268 or an equivalent Standard.

Each piece of graded soft-, hardwood shall have information clearly and indelibly indicated by marking or stamping on one face. The information shall meet the requirements listed in:

01.0 BS 4978 (softwood/ visual strength grading)

02.0 BS 5756 ( hardwood/ visual strength grading)

03.0 EN 518 (visual strength grading)

04.0 EN 519 (machine strength grading)

2 01 01 06 Quality Control 2 01 01 06 01 Acceptance for Visually Graded Softwood 01.0 in compliance with BS 4978:

When, on inspection of a representative sample of a parcel of graded softwood, it is ascertained that not more than 10% of the pieces exceed the permissible limit of the grade and, provided that not more than 3% of the pieces in the sample exceed the permissible limits by more than 1/3, the parcel shall be considered as conforming to the grade.

Where the parcel contains less than 10 pieces, the permissible limits shall not be exceeded.

The measurement of the characteristics and the permissible limits for the visual strength grades is given in ANNEX 6, figs 1 to 6 and table 1.

2 02 Manufactured Units 2 02 01 Glued Laminated Timber

Glued laminated timber shall be manufactured from separate pieces of timber arranged in laminations parallel to the axis of the member, the individual pieces being assembled with the grain approximately parallel, and glued together to form a member which functions as a single structural unit. See ANNEX 6, Fig. 7 .

2 02 01 01 Manufacture Requirements The manufacture requirements for the components of glued laminated timber members and for the production of such members for structural use shall meet the requirements listed in EN 386, EN 390, EN 392.

The manufacture requirements for laterally loaded joints, see clause 3 03 02 07.

The manufacture requirements for finger glued joints, see clause 3 03 02 08.

2 02 01 02 Tolerances on Sizes Tolerances on sizes shall be in compliance with EN 390 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 01 03 Stress Grading Stress grading shall be in compliance with EN 386 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 01 04 Quality Control Quality control shall be in compliance with EN 386, EN 391, EN392 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 01 05 Marking Glued laminated timber (Glulam) shall be marked.




2 02 01 06 Preservative and Flame Retardant Treatment Preservative and flame retardant treatment shall be in compliance with EN 386 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 02 Wood - based Materials for Structural Purposes 2 02 02 01 Plywood 2 02 02 01 01 Manufacture Requirements

The manufacture requirements for plywood shall comply with the requirements listed in EN 314, EN 315, EN 636 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 02 01 02 Type Type shall be in compliance with EN 313, EN 635 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 02 01 03 Tolerances 01.0 measuring of the thickness, width, length, squareness and edge straightness

shall be in compliance with EN 324 or an equivalent Standard.

02.0 dimensional tolerances shall be in compliance with EN 315 or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 02 01 04 Grade 2 02 02 01 05 Quality Control

The plywood shall be subjected to the quality control procedures of one of the following :

01.0 American Wood Association (APA)

02.0 British Standards Institute (BSI)

03.0 Council of Forest Industries (COFI)

04.0 Technical Research Center of Finland (VTT)

05.0 The National Swedish Testing Institute (Statens Provningsanstalt)

06.0 Timberco Inc.(TECO)

2 02 02 02 Tempered Hardboard 2 02 02 02 01 General

Tempered hardboard for structural purposes shall meet the requirements listed within, EN 316, EN 320, EN 321, EN 324, BS 1142, or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 02 03 Wood Particleboard 2 02 02 03 01 Manufacture Requirements

The manufacture requirements of particleboard for structural purpose, when dispatched from the producing factory, shall comply with the requirements as listed in:

01.0 EN 312

02.0 BS 7916, BS 5268

2 02 02 03 02 Type Type shall be in compliance with:

01.0 EN 309

02.0 BS 7916




2 02 02 03 03 Tolerances For certain types or uses of particleboards, or in the case of dispatch in cut size, or further machined, (tongued and grooved, and similar), special tolerances for properties “ tolerances on nominal dimension, Edge straightness tolerance, and squareness tolerance” may be agreed upon.

01.0 measuring of the thickness, width, length, squareness and edge straightness shall be in compliance with:

01.1 EN 324

01.1 BS 7916

02.0 dimensional tolerance shall be in compliance with:

02.1EN 312

2 02 02 03 04 Grade Marking of particleboard shall be carried out in accordance with:

01.0 EN 312

02.0 BS 7916

2 05 Accessories 2 05 01 Fixings 2 05 01 01 Nails

Nails shall be suitable for the position in which they are to be used in regard to material, length, finish, diameter, strength, head size and thickness.

Masonry nails shall be of hard steel and used for fixing to brickwork, blockwork or concrete only with the approval of the Engineer.

Nails shall comply with BS 1202, or an equivalent Standards.

2 05 01 02 Wood Screws Screws shall be suitable for the purpose for which they are to be used in regard to material, size, shape and thread.

Screws shall comply with one of the Standards ISO 724, ISO 898 (1), ISO 1502, ISO 4759, BS 919(3), BS 1210, BS 3643, DIN 96, DIN 97, DIN 571 or an equivalent Standards.

2 05 01 03 Bolts Bolts shall conform to BS EN 20898-1, and washers shall conform to BS 4320.The tolerance for bolts, nuts and washers shall be to ISO 4759, or an equivalent Standards.

2 05 01 03 01 Cast in Bolts Cast in bolts shall be bolts with one end ragged for building into concrete or grouted mortices and the other end threaded for the fixing of members with a nut.

2 05 01 03 02 Toggle Bolts Toggle bolts shall be used through materials of limited thickness where access is obtainable from one side only. A hole shall be drilled into the material and the bolt inserted. The toggle shall drop to the other side by gravity and can then be tightened against the face of the structure.




2 05 01 03 03 Expansion Bolts and self drilling Anchors 2 05 01 04 Fixing Plugs

Softwood plugs shall not be used.

The following types of plugs may be used as agreed by the Engineer:

01.0 A patent metal or plastic plug.

02.0 A plastic filling.

2 05 02 Fasteners 2 05 03 Timber Pellets

Timber pellets shall be of the same material as that being filled. Pellets shall be the full depth of the hole. The grain shall run in the same direction as the grain of the wood being filled

2 05 04 Connectors Connectors shall be used only for jointing structural timber which overlap in any direction and shall not be used for end joints.

2 05 04 01 Split Ring Connectors Split ring connectors shall conform to BS 1579 or an equivalent Standard. See ANNEX 6, Fig. 8. .

2 05 04 02 Toothed Plate Connectors Toothed plate connectors shall conform to BS 1579 or an equivalent Standard. See ANNEX 6, Fig. 9. .

2 05 04 02 01 Double - Sided Toothed Plate See ANNEX 6, Fig. 9. .

2 05 04 02 02 Single - Sided Toothed Plate See ANNEX 6, Fig. 9. .

2 05 04 03 Shear Plate Connectors Shear plate connectors shall conform to BS 1579 or equivalent Standard. See ANNEX 6, Fig.10. .

2 05 04 03 01 Pressed Steel Shear Plates See ANNEX 6, Fig. 10. .

2 05 04 03 02 Malleable Cast Iron Shear Plates See ANNEX 6, Fig. 10. .

2 06 Adhesives The adhesive used should be appropriate to the environment in which the joint will be used.

Adhesives shall comply with the recommendations contained in BS 1203, BS 1204, BS 4071, BS 5442(3), EN 301, EN 302 or equivalent Standards approved by the Engineer.




2 07 Fabrication 2 07 01 Preservatives Treatment of Structural Timber 2 07 01 01 Preparation of Timber

Preparation of timber before preservative treatment regarding surface condition, moisture content and fabrication before treatment shall comply with BS 5268 (5) or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 02 Preservatives and Methods of Application The timber preservatives selected shall be able to come into contact with other materials without adverse effect. The selection of preservative treatment in various structural situations shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (5), BS 1282, BS 4072 or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 02 01 Creosote Treatment Creosote treatment shall be applied in accordance with BS 144, or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 02 02 Copper Chrome Arsenate (CCA) Treatment CCA treatment shall comply with the requirements laid down in BS 4072 Part 2, BS 5268 Part 5, or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 02 03 Organic Solvent (OS) Treatment Organic treatment shall be applied in accordance with BS 5707: Part 3, BS 5268 : Part 5, or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 03 Handling and Processing Timber after Treatment After treatment, timber shall be open stacked and well ventilated to ensure evaporation of excess preservative. All treated timber shall be dry before incorporation in the works. Subsequently cut or damaged surfaces shall be suitably treated.

Handling and processing timber after treatment shall be in accordance with BS 5258 (5), BS 4072 (2) or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 01 04 Checking Preservative Treatment Shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (5) or an equivalent Standard.

2 07 02 Fire - Retardant Treatment Flame retardant shall be used under such conditions and in such a manner that they will not adversely affect other materials or processes.

Materials treated with flame retardant shall not be freely exposed to the weather or to similar environmental conditions, which may affect the performance of the treatment

Attention is drawn to the possibility of corrosive reactions between some flame retardant and metallic fittings and to the possible adverse effect on structural properties.

Care shall be taken when corrosive metals are to come into contact with salt type fire retardant, and the contractor shall ensure complete dryness of the timber.

Treated timber shall comply with AWPA C20, AWPA C27, ASTM D 2898, ASTM D 3201, or CSA 080.20 - M 89, CSA 080.27 - M 89, or equivalent Standard.

Fire - retardant shall be applied by :

01.0 surface treatment.

02.0 pressure impregnation




2 07 03 Decorative Treatments See Clause 3 07

2 07 04 Anti - Corrosive Treatments See Clause 3 07

2 07 05 Machining and Preparation (cutting to size, trimming) The size, shape and finish of all members and materials shall conform to the detailed drawings and specifications.

Glued laminated timber shall be installed after planing rough areas, plane marks and knots which have not been plugged are permissible.

As far as possible, the timber shall be ordered in dimensions in which it will be used, and shall not be sawn into smaller cross sectional sizes as this may result in distortion of the timber and cause the grade and dimensional tolerances to change.

Dimensions and spacings should not be scaled from drawings.

Woodwork shall be :

01.0 sawn to the correct shape and size.

` 02.0 planed to the correct shape and size.

03.0 drilled to the correct shape and size.

04.0 machined to the correct shape and size.

2 07 05 01 Nominal Dimensions For each planed face on structural timber an allowance shall be made of the `nominal` dimensions, see Clause 2 01 01 04 02.

2 07 05 02 Surfaces The quality of the surface, as finished, shall be appropriate to the position and use of the timber and in accordance with the instructions.

Surfaces and contact areas of joints shall be appropriate to joint and jointing method.

Surfaces at any joint in an assembly shall be such that the parts may be brought into contact over the whole area of the joint before connectors are inserted or any pressure or restraint from the fastening is applied.

Bearing surfaces of notches and other cuttings shall be true and smooth and in appropriate relation to the other surfaces of the piece.

2 07 05 03 Notching Notches other than at the ends of beams shall be U - shaped and formed by parallel cuts to previously drilled holes. The diameter of the hole shall be equal to the width of the required notch.

Care should be taken to ensure that notches and holes are not so positioned in a member that the remainder of the cross section contains a knot or other defect, which will significantly affect its strength.

Cutting, notching or modification of members, other than that allowed by the drawings and specification will not be permitted. Structural members shall not be cut, notched, or bored more than one - fourth of their depth without adequate additional reinforcing, which shall be approved by the Engineer.




2 07 05 04 Treatment of Cut Surfaces The cutting of timber after preservative treatment shall be avoided. However, when it is unavoidable, exposed untreated timber should be given a liberal application of suitable preservative in accordance with BS 5268 : Part 5.

2 07 05 05 Re - Marking When grade or other necessary identification marks are removed, provisions shall be made for re - marking in accordance with EN 518, EN 519, BS 5756, EN 312, and EN 386.




Part 3 : Execution 3 01 General Examination

The Contractor shall check and make sure, that :

a) any conditions not suitable for anchoring or fastening;

b) any excessive construction moisture;

c) the absence of any recesses required;

d) the absence of any structural timber preservation;

e) the incorrect position of foundations, point of support or other forms of substructure;

f) any missing datum levels for each storey shall be repaired, completed or otherwise corrected.

The Contractor has to ensure that the conditions necessary for the proper support and restraint of roofs are obtained in the walls and other related structures.

3 03 Installation 3 03 01 General

Materials shall be applied, used and fixed in such a way as to perform adequately the functions for which they are designed.

Securely brace timber members or components temporarily during construction to hold them in positions, to prevent displacement by wind or other forces and to prevent straining unfinished work.

All members shall be framed, anchored, tied and braced to develop the strength and rigidity necessary for the purposes for which they are used.

Workmanship in fabrication, preparation and installation of materials shall conform in all respects to accepted good practice. The recommendations given in BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent standard shall be followed.

There should be adequate supervision throughout the preparation and construction of the structure to ensure that it conforms to the principles and practical considerations of the design

Members , which are damaged, crushed or split beyond the limits permitted for similar defects in the grading, should be rejected or repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The recommendations of BS 4978, EN 518, EN 386, BS 5268 (2), BS 5756, or an equivalent standards shall be followed. For wood particleboard, in addition , all the recommendation of BS 5669 Part 2 shall be followed.

If the marking or stamping is removed by processing or crosscutting, the timber shall be re-marked or re stamped with its original grade or strength class, the species or species combination, the standard to which it is graded and the name of the processing company, prefixed by the letter `R` to denote re-marking (see clause 2 07 05 05).

The timber shall be in single lengths or in two or more lengths jointed end - to - end by finger - jointing in accordance with EN 385 and/or to the approval of the Engineer.

Ends of timber built into walls and the cut faces of timber cut after preservative treatment shall be given two coats of preservative before being fixed.

Shakes occurring during drying out in solid and glued laminated timber used to form components are permissible provided that stability is not adversely affected.




Nails used to fasten planks, battens or boards made from timber or wood - based panel products shall be at least 2.5 times as long as the thickness of the components to be fastened.

The manufacturer`s instructions regarding application shall be followed in all cases.

Adhesives shall be correctly selected to ensure a good bond between faces.

3 03 02 Joints (Jointing) The execution of all jointing shall be to the Engineer’s approval.

All framing shall be jointed as specified or in the most appropriate manner so that they will transmit the loads and resist the stress to which they will be subjected.

All joint surfaces shall be in good contact over the whole area of the joint before fastenings are applied.

Wane, fissures, knots or other defects which have not been allowed for in the design, and which may affect significantly the load-carrying capacity, will not be permitted at a joint.

Under some conditions, metal fasteners may become corroded through contact with treated timber. The manufacturer of the treatment chemical shall therefore be consulted about the possibility of interactions.

Where wide members are involved, regard should be paid to the possible splitting of the member if its moisture content is reduced after the joint is made.

3 03 02 01 Nailed Joints Nailed joints shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2). A nailed joint should normally contain at least two nails. Hardwoods in strength classes D 30 to D 70 shall be predrilled unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The diameter of pre-drilled holes should be not greater than 0.8 times the nail diameter. The end distances, edge distances and spacing of nails shall be such as to avoid undue splitting and, unless shown by test to be satisfactory, shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2), BS 8000 (5) or other equivalent Standard. Clenched nails shall be bent at right angles to the grain. The recommendations regarding nail spacing, timber-to-timber joints, steel plate-to- timber joints, plywood-to-timber joints, tempered hardboard-to timber joints, and particleboard-to-timber joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2) or an equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 02 Screwed Joints Screwed joints shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2) or equivalent Standard. Screws should be turned, not hammered, into pre-drilled holes. The hole for the shank shall have a diameter equal to the shank diameter and be no deeper than the length of the shank. The pilot hole for the threaded portion of the screw shall have a diameter of about half the shank diameter. The tops of countersunk screws shall be no more than 1 mm below the surface of the timber. A non-corrosive lubricant may be used to facilitate insertion. Care shall be taken to avoid placing screws in any end split. The recommendations regarding screw spacing, timber - to - timber joints, and steel plate-to-timber joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2), BS 8000 (5) or other equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 03 Bolted and Doweled Joints Bolt holes shall be drilled to diameters as close as possible to the nominal diameter of the bolt, but in no case should they be more than 2 mm larger than the bolt diameter. Washers with a nominal diameter and thickness of at least 3.0 times and 0.25 times the bolt diameter, respectively, shall be fitted under the head of each bolt and under each nut unless an equivalent bearing area is provided, for example, by a steel plate. If square washers are used, their side length and thickness shall be not less than the diameter and thickness of the appropriate round washer. When tightened, a minimum




of one complete thread shall protrude from the nut. On completion of erection, all joints shall be inspected and care taken to see that all bolts are tightened without crushing the wood under the washers. The recommendations regarding bolt spacing, timber-to-timber joints, steel plate-to- timber joints, and steel dowel joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2), BS 8000 (5) or other equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 04 Toothed - Plate Connector Joints Toothed-plate connectors shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2) or equivalent Standard. Bolts holes shall be as close as practicable to the nominal diameter of the bolt and in no case more than 2,0 mm larger than the bolt diameter. Round or square washers shall be fitted between the timber and the head and nut of the bolt. Connectors shall not bear on the threads of bolts. To prepare a connector joint, the position of the bolt holes shall be accurately set out with reference to the point of intersection of the center - lines of the members. One of the following two procedures shall be used when drilling the bolt holes:

a) fit the member together in their correct positions and clamp, while drilling the bolt holes through all the members

b) drill the bolt holes in the individual members using jigs or templates to locate the bolt holes accurately.

Bolt holes should be within 2 mm of their specifying position.

The recommendations regarding connector spacing, timber-to-timber joints, steel plate -to-timber joints, and steel dowel joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2), BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 05 Split-Ring Connector Joints Split-ring connector joints shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2) or equivalent Standard. Bolts holes shall be as close as practicable to the nominal diameter of the bolt and in no case more than 2,0 mm larger than the bolt diameter. Round or square washers should be fitted between the timber and the head and nut of the bolt. The minimum size of washers to be used with each connector shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2). To prepare a connectored joint, the position of the bolt holes shall be accurately set out with reference to the point of intersection of the center-lines of the members. one of the following two procedures shall be used when drilling the bolt holes



The contact surfaces of the timber members shall be grooved to the dimension in compliance with BS 5268 (2). The grooves for split-rings may be cut simultaneously with the drilling of the bolt holes if procedure b) is used.

The recommendations regarding connector spacing, and timber-to-timber joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2) or an equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 06 Shear-Plate Connector Joints Shear-plate connector joints shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2) or equivalent Standard. Bolts holes should be as close as practicable to the nominal diameter of the bolt and in no case more than 2,0 mm larger than the bolt diameter. Round or square washers should be fitted between the timber and the head and nut of the bolt. The minimum size of washers to be used with each connector shall meet the requirements listed in BS 5268 (2). To prepare a connectored joint, the position of the bolt holes should be accurately set out with reference to the point of intersection of the




center - lines of the members. one of the following two procedures should be used when drilling the bolt holes:



The contact surfaces of the timber members shall be recessed to the dimensions in compliance with BS 5268 (2). The recesses of shear-plates may be cut simultaneously with the drilling of the bolt holes if procedure b) is used.

The recommendations regarding connector spacing, timber-to-timber joints, and steel plate-to-timber joints shall be in accordance of BS 5268 (2) or an equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 07 Laterally Loaded Glued Joints The manufacture of glued structural parts shall be carried out only by those who employ specially trained craftsmen and have the necessary equipment available in the workshop.

Laterally loaded joints in structural components made from separate pieces of timber, plywood or tempered hardboard or wood particleboard that are fastened together with glue (e.g. box beams, single web beams, stressed skin panels, glued gussets) shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 5268(2), BS 6446.

For the gluing of hardwood and resinous softwood, advice should be sought from the glue manufacturer.

The adhesive used shall be appropriate to the environment in which the joint will be used. See Clause 2 06.

The recommendations regarding timber-to-timber joints/ timber to plywood or tempered hardboard or wood particleboard joints / plywood to plywood, tempered hardboard to tempered hardboard and particleboard to particleboard joints shall comply with BS 5268 (2), BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent Standard.

3 03 02 08 Finger Glued Joints The manufacture of glued structural parts shall be carried out only by those who employ specially trained craftsmen and have the necessary equipment available in the workshop.

Finger joints between timbers of the same species types shall be manufactured in accordance with EN 385.

Finger joints shall not be used in principal members, or other members acting alone, where failure of a single joint could lead to collapse, except where the joints have been manufactured under a third party quality control scheme.

For hardwood species, assurance shall be sought from the adhesive manufacturer as to the suitability and long-term durability of the adhesive for the particular hardwood species and exposure conditions

3 03 03 Fixing plugs Softwood plugs shall not be used. Plugs shall be placed in preformed holes. Screws shall then be inserted into the plug through a drilled hole in the member to be fixed, and tightened to form a tight grip as the plug expands.

Plugging to walls shall be carried out by:

01.0 A patent metal or plastic plug fixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

02.0 A plastic filling used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.




3 03 04 Assembly (Assembly of structural units) Assembly of units shall be done on a level bed and in such a way as to avoid damage to any of the members. The method of assembly shall be such as to ensure that the designed geometry of assembled components, is achieved correctly within the specified tolerances.

Deviations from the dimensions specified are permitted subject to the tolerances specified in BS 8000 (5) or other equivalent standard.

During assembly, no forces should be applied to the component, which could cause the permissible stresses to be exceeded in that or any other component. Special care is necessary when handling framed arches and shaped beams.

When assembly is to be performed on the site, one set of component parts shall be fitted together and dismantled prior to dispatch to the site, in order to ensure that the assembled structural units conform to the design drawings.

Before proceeding with bulk production, a complete assembly of one of each framed truss or other structural unit shall be checked to prove the accuracy of the templates and the like. A similar check shall be carried out from time to time to control the wear and tear on templates and gauges.

Timber members and built up units shall be marked in accordance with a marking diagram. Camber of special structural units, joists, beams, built - up girders and trusses are to be as designed or required by the relevant Standards.

Twisted or damaged members shall be replaced before erection on the site.

3 03 05 Erection ( Erection of structural units) The method of erection shall be such as to ensure that the designed geometry of assembled components, is achieved correctly within the specified tolerances.

Deviations from the dimensions specified shall be in compliance with BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent standard.

During erection, no forces shall be applied to the component, which could cause the permissible stresses to be exceeded in that or any other components. Special care is necessary when handling framed arches and shaped beams

The information concerning certain methods and sequences of erection dictated by design assumptions should be followed

The over-stressing of members during erection shall be avoided.

In the case of framed arches, portal frames and the like, special care shall be taken to avoid distortion in hoisting from the horizontal to the vertical position.

The method of erection shall be in compliance with BS 8000 (5) or an equivalent standard.

3 03 05 01 Frames Framing shall be erected true to line and level and shall be plumb and square unless otherwise stated.

Every post, stud, beam, binder, joist, rafter and purlin shall extend in one piece between its supports or fixings, or shall otherwise be jointed in an approved manner to ensure the necessary structural stability.

Any framing not finally fixed into position shall be braced with temporary braces to prevent twisting and warping. Any twisting and warping that may occur shall be made good in accordance with the Engineer’s instructions.

All cantilevers shall be effectively counterbalanced by the other portion of the member, by a suitable fixing and by other dead loading.




3 03 05 02 Beams and Binders Beams and binders shall be erected in accordance with the requirements as stipulated.

The larger of the cross-sectional dimensions shall be the depth.

Joints in general must be carefully executed, and performed in such a way that they do not impair the strength and stiffness of the beams or binders.

Joints between continuing lengths are to be suitably scarfed or spliced and secured with bolts and plates or metal strips. Joints into or over posts must be accurately constructed and reinforced with metal straps where necessary.

The ends of beams, binders and other spacial flexural members are not to be built into walls but are to be supported in accordance with the details to provide an air space for ventilation at all points.

Bearings on wall plates, beams, brackets, girders and the like, shall be at least 75 mm.

Metal hangers or joist shoes shall be designed with a bearing of at least 75 mm. If specified to be built up, beams may be formed of two or more joist sections.

3 03 05 03 Cutting of Joists When joists are to be cut for the passage of pipes, holes shall be centered on the neutral axis, and shall be limited to one-third of the depth of the joist.

All pipe and cable runs across joists shall be arranged in a position remote from the center of the span.

The notching of the top or bottom face of the joist for service runs will not be permitted.

Notching near the point of bearing of simply supported joists, where the notch does not exceed 10% of the joist depth, shall only be done with the approval of the Engineer.

3 03 05 04 Roof Structures The plates, joists, rafters, purlins and other pieces used for the construction of the roof are to be of the dimensions specified and are to be spaced and constructed as directed.

Overhanging edges shall be adequately cantilevered and anchored back to the main roof framework without weakening it in any way.

3 03 05 05 Trimming All works arising from the trimming of openings, such as for stairs in the floor and windows in the roof and the like, shall be properly carried out with the materials specified. Trimmer and trimming joists shall be the same depth as the common joists or as specified. All mortice-and-tenon and half-depth housing or half-depth beveled housing joints shall be accurately constructed so that the alignment of the members is maintained while the stresses of the connections are fully engaged.

3 03 05 06 Anchors The anchorage of roof frames, trusses and other structures that require to be secured against displacement shall be suitably incorporated in the joints or by means of extra fixing at all points of support.

3 03 05 07 Strutting and Bracing All necessary temporary supports and braces shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and he shall remove all such temporary works upon completion of the final fixing.




Lateral braces to restrain against winding and buckling shall be fixed to all beams of depth greater than 3 times their breadth and/or of length greater than 50 times their breadth. Unless otherwise shown in the design lateral braces are to be at centers not exceeding 50 times the breadth of the beam

3 04 Field Quality Control 3 04 01 Inspection, Tests

Structure shall be tested in accordance with BS 5268 (2), or EN 380 or an equivalent Standard.

Reasonable facilities and access for inspection shall be provided during and at completion of fabrication and erection of a structure. These facilities and access conditions shall be approved by the Engineer.

The inspection shall be in compliance with AITC 200, or an equivalent Standard.

3 04 02 Moisture content The moisture content of timber and wood - based panels when installed shall be close to that likely to be attained in service. The moisture content of timber shall not exceed the maximum given in Table 2, ANNEX 6.

Moisture contents at time of fabrication may be determined by specific requirements (e.g. adhesive performances and conditioning of tempered hardboard or wood particleboard), but shall not normally exceed the limits given in Table 2.

Wood based panel products have a relatively low moisture content at the time of manufacture. If expansion in use is likely to be a problem in a particular end-use situation they shall be conditioned to a higher moisture content before installation.

The moisture content of timber to be finger jointed should conform to EN 385, see Clause 3 03 02 08.

The moisture content of materials used in components manufactured from separate pieces of timber, plywood, tempered hardboard or wood particleboard that are fastened together with glue (e.g. box beams, single web beams, stressed skin panels, glued gussets) shall conform to BS 6446.

3 07 Protection 3 07 01 Protection of Installed Materials and Components

When required by the Engineer, temporary protection shall be provided where components are installed before the structure is adequately weather-proofed.

Attention is drawn to the possibility of excessive creep or shrinkage occurring in long span flexural components if loaded before their moisture content is close to the expected end use condition.

3 07 02 Treatments 3 07 02 01 Preservative Treatments

See clause 2 07 01

3 07 02 02 Flame - Retardant Treatments See clause 2 07 01

3 07 02 03 Decorative Treatments Where structural timber is to be painted, varnished or otherwise decorated, the work shall be in accordance with BS 6150




3 07 02 04 Anti - Corrosive Treatments The anti-corrosive treatment of metal fasteners and fittings shall be sufficient to ensure their satisfactory performance and structural integrity throughout the intended life of the structure.




Part 4 : Method of Measurement 4 01 General

The quantities to be paid for will be measured from drawings.

For structural timbers the overall length including tenons and other timber joints will be measured.

No deduction will be made for openings, recesses and niches individually measuring 0,5 m2 or less in ceilings, walls, roofs, floor decks and wall sheathing, wall and ceiling linings, facing panels, insulating materials, impervious layers and lightweight exterior wall cladding.

When measuring by length (m), no deduction will be made for interruptions up to 1 m each in length.

No deduction will be made for frames, studs, horizontal members and other framing elements, rafters, batten framing, slatting and substructures in false floors, insulation, fillings, impervious layers, etc.

No deduction will be made for cavities in batten frames, slattings, open decks or sheating, subfloors,rough partitioning and claddings and linings made from battens, timber boards, decorative panels, slats, etc.

4 02 Units of Measurement Measuring of works will be based on the following units:

Area (m2), accounted for separately according to type and size: - Boarding and paneling

Length (m) of structural timber, accounted for separately according to type and size:

- beams ,joists and girders for floors and flat roofs - beams, joists and girders for pitched roofs - posts, studs, bracing or the like for walls and partitions - bearers, wall plates, purlins or the like - cleats or the like - battens - rafters

Number of items (pc) , accounted for separately according to type and size:

- prefabricated assemblies ( e.g. trusses, frames, columns or beams, joined by means of nails, connectors, dowels, adhesive, etc.) - steel components, e.g. connectors, bolts, anchor ties, distance pieces , corbels and other fittings

Preservative treatments, flame-retardant treatments, decorative treatments will be measured as Lump Sum (LS)




Part 5 : Basis of Payment 5 01 General

The unit rate shall include all raking, cutting and circular cutting, joints, notching, fitted ends, mitred ends and intersections, including all nails and screws, cutting and waste, halving, trimming, boring, sinking, pelleting, notching and fitting, dovetailing, scribing, rebates, grooves, chamfers, splay and rounded edges, bead mouldings and the like and all other labours to complete the work.

No payment will be made for quantities as a result of oversizing or any other unauthorized operation.

Material or work, which does not conform to specification requirements, shall be removed and replaced on Contractor’s expense.

5 02 Ancillary works to be included in the Unit Rate 01.0 Preparation of samples and mock-ups as required by the Engineer.

02.0 Leveling of background up to 20 mm to produce a plane surface for boarding and paneling.




Annex: Tables and Figures 6 01 Tables Table 1: Permissible limits for the GS and SS visual strength grades

Table 2 : Moisture content of timber related to service class

GradeCharacteristic(see clause 6/BS 4978) General structural grade Special structural gradeKnots (see note 4) Either:

If MKAR is less than or equal to ½, then TKAR shall be less

than or equal to ½ Or:

If MKAR is greater than ½, then TKAR shall be less than

or equal to 1/3

Either: If MKAR is less than or equal to ½, then TKAR shall be less than or equal to 1/3.Or:

If MKAR is greater than ½, then TKAR shall be

less than or equal to 1/5.Slope of grain Not greater than 1 in 6 Note greater than 1 in 10Rate of growth Average width of annual rings

not greater than 10 mm Average width of annual rings not greater than 6mm

Fissures: Not through the thickness Through the thickness

Unlimited Not longer than 600 mm on anyrunning meter

Not longer than half thelength of the piece

Not longer than twice thewidth of the piece

W ane (see figure 4) W ane shall not reduce the full edge and face dimensions to less than 2/3 of the dimensions of the piece. Length of wane isunlimited.

Distortion (see figure 5): Bow Spring Twist

Cup

Not greater than 20 mm over a

length of 2 m Not greater than 12 mm over a

length of 2 m Not greater than 2 mm per 25

mm width over a length of 2 mUnlimited

Not greater than 10 mmover a length of 2 m

Not greater than 8 mmover a length of 2 m

Not greater than 1 mm per 25 mm width over a lengthof 2 m

Unlimited Resin pockets and bark pockets: Not through thickness

Through the thickness

Unlimited, if shorter than the width of the piece; otherwise, the sam e limits as for length of fissures Unlimited, if shorter than half the width of the piece; otherwise,the same limits as for length of fissures

Insect damage Permitted provided it conforms to the requirements of clause 6/BS 4978. No active infestation is permitted.

W ood wasp holes are not permitted. NOTE 1. Typical knot area ratios are shown in figure 2. NOTE 2. The length of fissures and the amount of distortion are linked with m oisture content, therefore the

lim its given can only be applicable at the tim e of grading. NOTE 3. For the following species and species combinations the fissure and distortion lim its in the GS

column apply, irrespective of the strength grade: Douglas Fir (British); Norw ay spruce; Sitka spruce (British); Sitka spruce (Canada); W estern red cedar; W estern white w oods.

NOTE 4. W hen grading square sections, they shall be considered in their unfavorable orientation, i.e. for determ ining MKAR, those surfaces shall be considered to be edges that result in the worse grade. NOTE 5. Additional requirem ents for lam inations and for m aterial for trussed rafters are given in BS EN 386 and in BS 5268 : Part 3, respectively.




ServiceClass

E xam ples of end use of tim ber in building A verage m oisturecontent likely to beattained in service

conditions %

M oisture content1)

which should not beexceeded in

individual pieces attim e of erection %

3

2

2

1

E xternal uses, fu lly exposed

C overed and generally unheated

C overed and generally heated

Internal uses, in continuously heatedbuild ing

20 or m ore

18

15

12

__

24

20

20

1) M oisture content should be m easured using a m oisture m eter with insulated probes inserted to 20m m in the tim ber or to half the tim ber thickness, whichever is the lesser.




6 02 Figures

Fig.1 : Knot projection




Fig. 2 : Typical knot area ratios and the resulting grades




Fig. 3 : Measurement of rate of growth

a) b)




Fig. 4 : Amount of wane




Fig. 5 : Measurement of bow, spring and twist




Fig. 6: Slope of grain




Fig. 7 : Sections of glue laminated structural units




Fig. 8 : Split ring connector

Fig. 9 : Toothed plate connectors




Fig. 10 : Shear plate connectors




Annex : Specific Information 7 01 Tables Table 1 : Softwood combinations of species and visual grade, which satisfy the requirements for various strength classes. Timber graded in accordance with BS 4978

Strength classStandard name andorigin C14 C16 C18 C22 C24 C27 C30Imported:parana pineCaribbean pitch pine

GSGS

SSSS

redwoodwhitewood

GSGS

SSSS

western red cedar GS SS

douglas fir-larch(Canada)

GS SS

douglas fir-larch(USA)

GS SS

hem-fir(Canada)

GS SS

hem-fir(USA)

GS SS

spruce-pine-fir(USA)

GS SS

spruce-pine-fir(Canada)

GS SS

sitka spruce(Canada)

GS SS

western white woods(USA)

GS SS

southern pine(USA)

GS SS

British grown:douglas fir

larch

British pine

British spruce

GS

GS

GS

GS

SS

SS

SSSS

NOTE 1. The S6 and S8 grades of the ECE Recommended standard for strength grading ofconiferous sawn timber (1982) may be substituted for GS and SS, respectively.

NOTE 2. A species/grade combination from a higher class (see table 7, BS 5268:Part 2) may beused where a lower class is specified.




Table 2 : North American softwood species/grade combinations, which satisfy the requirements for various strength classes. Timber graded in accordance with NLGA and NGRDL joist and plank

Strength classStandard name and origin C14 C16 C18 C22 C24 C27 C30

douglas fir-larch(Canada) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

douglas fir-larch(USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

hem-fir(Canada) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

hem-fir(USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

spruce-pine-fir(Canada and USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel


No. 1, No. 2

Sel


No. 1, No. 2 Sel

southern pine(USA) No. 3

No. 1, No. 2 Sel

NOTE. These classifications apply only to timber of a size not less than 38 mm x 114 mm.




Table 3 : North American softwood/grade combinations, which satisfy the requirements for various strength classes. Timber graded in accordance with NLGA and NGRDL structural light framing, light framing and stud rules

Strength class Standard name andorigin C14 C16 C18 C22 C24 C27douglas fir-larch(Canada) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

douglas fir-larch(USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

hem-fir(Canada) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

hem-fir(USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel

spruce-pine-fir(Canada and USA) No. 1,

No. 2 Sel


No. 1, No. 2

Sel


No. 1, No. 2 Sel

southern pine(USA) No. 3

No. 1, No. 2 Sel

douglas fir-larch(Canada)

Const, Stud

douglas fir-larch(USA)

Const, Stud

hem-fir(Canada)

Const, Stud

hem-fir(USA)

Const, Stud

spruce-pine-fir(Canada and USA)

Const, Stud



southern pine(USA)

Std

Std

Const,

NOTE. A species/grade combination from a higher class may be used where a lower classis specified.




Table 4 : North American softwood species/grade combinations, which satisfy the requirements for various strength classes. Timber graded in accordance with North American machine stress rated rules.

Table 5 :

a) Tropical hardwoods which satisfy the requirements for strength classes given in BS EN 338 when graded to HS grade in accordance with BS 5756

b) Temperate hardwoods which satisfy the requirements for strength classes graded

to BS 5756

Strength class C14 C16 C18 C22 C24 C27 C30

1200f-1.2E 1450f-1.3E 1650f-1.5E 1800f-1.6E 1950f-1.7E 2100f-1.8E NOTE: A species/grade combination from a higher strength class may be used where a lower class is specified. 1) This table is applicable only to the following species combinations: Douglas fir-larch (Canada and USA); hem-fir (Canada and USA); spruce-pine-fir (Canada and USA); Southern pine (USA).

Standard name Strength classiroko

jarrah

teak

D40

merbau

opepe

karri

keruing

D50

ekki

kapur

kempas

D60

balau

greenheart

D70

Standard name Grade Strength class

oak TH1THA1)

THB1)

D30D40D30

1) Grades THA and THB are only obtainable in cross-section sizes with no dimension lessthan 100 mm and cross-section areas greater than 20 000 mm2.




Table 6 : List of some softwood species

Softwood Species Abbreviation

Caribbean pitch pine CAR / P Corsican pine (British) B / P Douglas fir (British) B / DF Douglas fir - larch ( Canada) NA / DFL Douglas fir - larch (USA) NA / DFL Hem - fir (Canada) NA / HF Hem - fir (USA) NA / HF Larch (British) B / L Norway spruce B / S Parana Pine PP Radiata Pine (New Zealand) NZ / RP Radiata pine (Chile) CH / RP Redwood ER Redwood/ Whitewood EW / ER Scots pine B / P Sitka spruce (British) B / S Stika spruce (Canada) C / S South African pine SA / P Southern Pine (USA) US / SP Spruce - Pine - fir (Canada) NA / SPF Spruce - Pine - fir (USA) NA / SPF Western red Cedar NA / WRC Western White Woods (USA) US / WW Whitewood EW Zimbabwean pine ZIM / P

Table 7 : List of some hardwood species

Hardwood Species Abbreviation

Balau BLU Ekki EKI Greenheart GHT Iroko IKO Jarrah Jah Kapur KPR Karri KRI Kempas KEP Keruing KER Merbau MBU Opepe OPE Teah TEK

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Division 06 Wood and Plastics Section 06200 Finish Carpentry



1. GENERAL

The specification covers the requirements for finish carpentry. 1.1 Reference Documents

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publication are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN HARDBOARD ASSOCIATION (AHA)

AHA A 135.6 (1990) Hardboard Siding

AMERICAN PLYWOOD ASSOCIATION (APA)

APA E 445 (1991; Rev May 1991) Performance Standards and Policies for Structural-Use Panels

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM D 1435 (1985) Outdoor Weathering of Plastics

ASTM D 2898 (1981; R 1986) Accelerated Weahtering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing

ASTM D 3679 (1992) Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding

AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS ASSOCIATION (AWPA)

AWPA C 9 (1993) Plywood - Preservative Treatemtn by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 20 (1993) Structural Lumber – Fire–Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA C 27 (1993) Plywood – Fire-Retardant Treatment by Pressure Processes

AWPA M 4 (1991) The Care of Preservative – Treated Wood Products

AWPA P 5 (1993) Standards for Waterborne Preservatives

ARCHITECTURAL WOODWORK INSTITUTE (AWI)




AWI – 02 (1994) Architectural Woodwork Quality Standards, Guide Specifications and Quality Certification Program

CALIFORNIA REDWOOD ASSOCIATION (CRA)

CRA – 01 (1992) Standard Specifications for Grades of California Redwood Lumber

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)

DOC PS 1 (1993) Construction and Industrial Plywood

FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS (FS)

FS FF–N-105 (Rev B; Am 3; Int Am 4; Notice 1) Nails, Brads, Staples and Spikes: Wire, Cut and Wrought

NORTHEASTERN LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NELMA)

NELMA-01 (1993) Standard Grading Rules for Northeastern Lumber

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURER’S ASSOCIATION (SCMA)

SCMA-01 (1986; Supple No. 1, Aug 1993) Standard Specifications for Grades of Southern Cypress

SOUTHERN PINE INSPECTION BUREAU (SPIB)

SPIB-01 (1994) Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber

WEST COAST LUMBER INSPECTION BUREAU (WCLIB)

WCLIB Std 17 (1993) Grading Rules For West Coast Lumber

WESTERN WOOD PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION (WWPA)

WWPA-01 (1991; Supple No. 3) Western Lumber Grading Rules 91

WOOD MOULDING AND MILLWORK PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION (WMMPA)

WMMPA WM 6 (1987) Industry Standard for Non-Pressure Treating of Wood Millwork




1.2 Submittals

The Engineer’s approval is required for submittals. The following shall be submitted for approval in accordance with section 01300 submittal procedures.

Drawings

Drawings showing fabricated items and special mill and woodwork items. Drawings shall indicate materials and details of construction, methods of fastening, erection, and installation.

Samples

Samples shall be of sufficient size to show patterns, color ranges, and types, as applicable, of the material proposed to be used with hardare mounted.

1.3 Qualifications

Manufacturer shall specialize in manufacturing the types of material speciifed, and shall have a minimum of 5 years of documented successful experience. Applicator shall specialize in the type of finished carpentry work required to meet requirements, with a minimum 5 years of documented experience.

1.4 Delivery and Storage

Materials shall be delivered to the site in undamaged condition, stored off ground in fully covered, well-ventilated areas, and protected from extreme changes in temperature and humidity.

1.5 Warranty

Warrant this work against defect in materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years, including but not limited to warpage, delamination, staining and discolouration.




2. PRODUCTS

2.1 Wood Items And Trim

Grading and Marking

Materials shall bear the grademark, stamp or other identifying marks indicating grades of material and rules or standards under which produced. Such identifying marks on a material shall be in accordance with the rule or standard under which the material is produced, including requirements for qulaifications and authority of the inspection organization, usage of authorized identification, and information included in the identification. Bundle marking will be permitted in lieu of marking each individual piece. Surfaces that are to be architecturally exposed to view shall not bear grademarks, stamps, or other types of identifying marks.

Sizes and Patterns

Lumber sizes and patterns shall conform to rules or standards under which produced. Unless otherwise specified, lumber shall be surfaced on four sides. Sizes and patterns for materials other than lumber shall conform to requirements of the rules or standards under which produced. Size references, unless otherwise specified, are nominal sizes, and actual sizes shall be within manufacturing tolerances allowed by the standard under which the product is produced.

Moisture Content

The maximum moisture content of untreated trim and wood siding shall be 15 percent at the time of delivery to the jobsite and when installed. Moisture content of all other material shall be in accordance with the standard under which the product is produced.

Preservative Treatment

Plywood

Plywood exposed to the weather shall be treated in accordance with AWPA C 9 with waterborne preservatives listted in AWPA P5 to a retention level as of 4.0 kg per cubic meter.




Fire-Retardant Treatment

Fire-ratardant treated lumber shall be pressure treated in accordance with AWPA C20. Fire-retardant treated plywood shall be pressure treated in accordance with AWPA C27. Material use shall be defined in AWPA C20 and AWPA C27 for Interior Type A. Treatment and performance inspection shall be by a qualified independent testing agency that establishes performance ratings. Each piece or bundle of treated material shall bear identification of the testing agency to indicate performance with such rating. Treated materials to be exposed to rain wetting shall be subjected to an accelerated weathering technique in accordance with ASTM D 2898, Method A, prior to being tested for compliance with AWPA C20 or AWPA C27.

Fire-retardant treatment will be required for exposed plywood a Flame spread rating shall be 25 less.

Fire-retardant treated plywood will be used only for nonstructural applications which are not subject to elevated temperature or high humidity.

Moldings

Moldings shall be of the pattern indicated and shall be of a grade compatible with the finish specified.

Species

Exposed framing, solid members and trim pieces shall be of species indicated on the Drawings.

Ironmongery

Door-frames and leaves shall be equipped with: Devices allowing fixing to walls. Devices allowing rotation of parts in relation to one another. Systems to control and maintain in closed position. Travel limiting devices for moving parts. Permanent locking systems.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) Conforming to ANSI 208.2 structural standard

Density: 0.769 g/m3 Internal Bond: 7.92 kgf/m2 Modulus of Rupture: 275.6 kgf/m2




Modulus of Elasticity: 2756 kgf/m2 Screw Holding Face: 1446 kgf/m2 Screw Holding Edge: 1335 kgf/m2 Thickness Swell: 6% Linear

Expansion:

0.20-0.25%

Moisture Content: 4-7% Formaldehyde Emission: El Rated Fire Retardant Flame Spread: 25 Smoke Development 26 Moisture

Resistant

Thickness Swell 4-5% Linear Expansion 0.17-0.22% In areas requiring protection against high moistrue and dampness, use moisture resistant MDF and in areas requiring fire retardant use fire retardant MDF conforming to Class 1 fire retardation in accordance with UL 732 Flame Rating retardation.




Sealer Water-repellant, clear, colourless, penetrating wood sealer, recommended by the fabricator and approved by the Engineer.

Glue for Wood Assemblies Recommended by the fabricator and approved by the Engineer, waterproof.

Nails Nails shall be the size and type best suited for the purpose and shall conform to FS FF-N-105. Screws for use where nailing is impractical shall be size best suited for purpose.

Sound-Proofing For made up units frame, opening leaf, thresholds joints at locations shown on the Drawings sound-proofing factors shall be at least 23 db-500 Hz.

The Contractor shall ensure that all necessary measures are taken to obtain the above listed characteristics, in particular:

- Door frames with threshold - Surrounding joint - Special hardware - Double fillister

3. EXECUTION

Fabrication

General

Check site dimensions and conditions and notify the Engineer in writing of unacceptable conditions. Do not proceed until remedial instructions are received.

As far as practical, assemble work at the shop and deliver to the site ready for installation. Leave ample allowance for fitting and scribing on the site. Fabricate work square and to the required lines. Recess and conceal fasteners and anchor heads. Fill with matching wood plugs or other acceptable method of concealment. Provide wood members free from bruises, blemishes, mineral marks, knots, shake and other defects and select for colour, grain and texture. Machine and hand sand surfaces exposed in the finished work to an even, smooth surface free from defects detrimental to appearance.




Provide running members in the maximum lengths obtainable. Provide thickness of members in maximum dressed size of standard lumber. Where thickness or width indicated is not available in hardwoods, use glue laminations to obtain sizes required. Spline or key solid boards 150 mm and wider and glue under pressure.

Design and fabricate work to allow for expansion and contraction of the materials. Unless otherwise specified work shall be glued, and blind screwed or nailed. Properly frame material with tight, hairline joints and hold rigidly in place. Use glue blocks where necessary. Conceal joints and connections whereverpossible. Locate prominent joints where directed. Glue and pin mortise and tenon joints. Intermediate joints between supports will not be permitted. Set and fill surface nails. Prevent opening-up of glue lines in the finished work.

Comply with glue manufacturer’s recommendations for lumber moistrue content, glue shelf life, pot life, working life, mixing, spreading, assembly time, time under pressure and ambient temperature.

Provide exposed end grain of solid members and edges of exposed plywood or MDF with matching solid edging at least 6 mm thick.

Seal finish carpentry items before they leave the fabricating shop. Ensure that the sealer is compatible with the final finish. Painting and obtain written approval of proposed sealer.

Trim

Trim members shall be of sizes and profiles indicated. Trim members shall be slow-fed work, free from chatter and other machine marks.

Provide trim over 60 mm wide with backs ploughed or kerfed. Mitre all joints. Carefully machine drum-sand exposed flat surfaces. Minimize sanding on the job.

Fire Retardant Pressure Treatment

Provide fire retardant pressure treatment of wood against fire complying with local jurisdictional authorities. Pressure fire retardant treat lumber prior to final milling. Provide appropriate lables for treated lumber and plywood as received from the pressure treating plant. Do not expose pressure treate material to dampness between the time the material is treated and the time the finish is applied. Carefully sand surfaces which show surface salt deposits to remove such deposits before finish is applied. Provide identification on materials delivered to Project




site showing that these Specifications have been complied with, on each large item, and on bundles of small items.

Fitments

Provide and install fitments as indicated. Unless otherwise detailed, fitments shall have 6 mm plywood backs. Joints in the plywood backs shall be concealed behind framing.

Unless otherwise detailed, gables, bottoms, tops and sides, shall be 20 mm plywood.

Recess pilaster strips flush with surfaces. Accurately scribe, cope and mitre members where required. Provide cut-outs or fitments and services as required. Machine mouldings and trim to profiles indicated.

Coordinate with Divisions 15 and 16 and provide all necessary cut-outs.

Installation

Examination

Inspect doors for damage which cannot be readily corrected by sandling. Check that primer or sealer has been applied. Promptly returm defective units to manufacturer.

Check doors for correct size. If improperly sized return to manufcturer for corrections.

General

Deliver finish carpentry items to the site and store in a dry and clean location.

Provide units of such size as will not present difficulty of entry to the place of installation. Provide protective coverings during shipment and storage for all itmes.

Pad all corners of finish carpentry vulnerable to damage with suitable material.

Do not deliver finish carpentry item until required for erection and until the relative humidity of the area of installation has been below 60% for ten (10) days minimum.

Provide concealed fastenings in finish carpentry item to receive transparent finish.




Install finish carpentry items plumb, square, true, rigid and secure.

Door Frames

Set frames plumb and square in their exact location. Firmly block and brace to prvent shifting. Shim up where requried to ensure proper alignment and dimensions from finished floor to heat of frame. Install temporary wood spreaders at midheight.

Where frames are installed in concrete walls, secure frames to concrete with expansion bolts. Perform drilling of concrete as required. Fill recessed bolt head flush to frame face with metal filler and sand smooth.

Doors

Prepare wood doors to receive hardware. Check each hardware item before installation. Drill pilot holes of suitable diameter.

Install doors. Maintain an even clearance, not exceeding 3 mm between door and frame and 6 mm at floor or thereshold to allow free action of door, except at openings in non fire-rated separation where undercuts are indicated. Allow for proper clearance where carpet is scheduled.

Wall Paneling

Wall panels shall be fabricated from wood species indicated on the Drawings. Wood battens 40 x 40 cm, 40 to 50 cm spaced shall be fixed on the walls. Glued on the walls, fibre rock micro perfcated panels. This framing shall be painted by spray. Wood boards shall be fixed with lost head nails 300 mm long.

Partition

Partitions shall consist of independent panels. Each panel shall conists of a rigid frame with chipboard on either side. Sound proofing between panels and between panels and building structure will be carried out by gaskets fitted with rubber sections in the edge of each panel. These are used either for horizontal or vertical joint sound proofing. Noise insulation rate of the partition in place shall be 23 db. Doors fitted on partitions shall have the same sound proofing as the partition itself.




4. TOLERANCES

Shape Tolerance of Materials

Shape tolerances for semi-finished materials are given in the standards.

Layout of Works

The tolerance on all dimensions measured between opposite facings, or

between edges or other intersections of edges is equal to 34

1 d ,

where d is the dimension given in centimetres on the drawings.

Flatness

The flatness tolerance of all works meausred with a 2.m straight edge in all surface directions shall be less than 0.002 m. This specificaiton is also valid for door elements where warping of the doors is checked by placing the straight edge along the diagonals.

Perpendicularity

Whatever the dimensions of the works, vertical perpendicularity must be within 0.002 m. maximum out of square tolerance is 0.001 m per linear metre.

Straightness of edges

Tolerance on any straight edge or on any straight axis of a flat surface is characterised by a maximum permissible deflection on any segment of this edge or this axis. This deflection shall not be more than 1/300 th of the measured length. The maximum permissible deflection shall be less than or equal to 0.001 m.

Tolerances on appearance

The Contractor shall hand over to the Engineer, for approval samples of surface materials that he shall employ.

These samples shall have minimum dimensions 0.60 x 0.60 m. The appearance of the finished works over the whole surface shall be identical to that of the samples.




5. INSPECTION AND TESTS

General

The Contractor shall indicate the origin of all his supplies. He shall also furnish the test certificates from official Authorities.

Inspection will take place: at the Contractor’s supplier’s, if necessary. on site before installing the works. on site after installing the works.

Inspection shall cover the kind and characteristics of the materials comprising the works, and the works themselves.

Special Measures

The Engineer shall take as sample from the Contractor’s store one complete unit out of every 30 identical units and shall carry out the following checks: Checking of the kind of materials and their quality. Checking of the dimensions of the works and tolerances. Checking of appearances.

All the units that do not meet standards shall not be used. After the works are installed, the same checks shall be carried out on at least 1 unit out of 30.

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Division 06: Wood & Plastics Section 06400 Architectural Woodwork


Division 06 - Wood & Plastics

Section 06400 - Architectural Woodwork

Part 1: General 1 01 Summary

The work covered by this Section consists of providing all tools, labour, equipment and materials, and performing all operations in connection with architectural woodwork.

1 01 01 Section includes 01.0 Prefabricated Joinery Work 02.0 Site Assembled Joinery Work

1 01 04 Related Sections 08200 Wood and Plastic Doors 08600 Wood and Plastic Windows 09545 Special Ceiling Surfaces 09550 Wood Flooring

1 02 References 1 02 01 Applicable Standards 1 02 01 03 International Standards 1 02 01 03 01 International Standards Organization (ISO)

ISO 1096: 75 Plywood - Classification

ISO 1098: 75 Veneer plywood for general use - General requirements

ISO 2426: 74 Plywood - Veneer plywood with rotary cut veneer for general use - General rules for classification by appearance

ISO 2427: 74 Plywood - Veneer plywood with rotary cut veneer for general use - Classification by appearance of panels with outer veneer of beech

ISO 2428: 74 Plywood - Veneer plywood with rotary cut veneer for general use - Classification by appearance of panels with outer veneer of birch

ISO 2429: 74 Plywood -Veneer plywood with rotary cut veneer for general use - Classification by appearance of panels with outer veneer of broad leaved species of tropical Africa

ISO 2430: 74 Plywood -Veneer plywood with rotary cut veneer for general use - Classification by appearance of panels with outer veneer of poplar

ISO 2695: 76 Fibre building boards - Hard and medium boards for general purposes - Quality specifications - Appearance, shape and dimensional tolerances

ISO 2696: 76 Fibre building boards - Hard and medium boards for general purposes - Quality specifications - Water absorption and swelling in thickness

ISO 4586 - 1: 97 High-pressure decorative laminates - Sheets made from thermosetting resins - Part 1: Classifications and specifications



ISO 4586 - 2: 97 High-pressure decorative laminates - Sheets made from thermosetting resins - Part 2: Determination of properties

1 02 01 05 European Standards BS EN 942: 96 Timber in joinery. General classification of timber quality.

1 02 01 06 British Standards BS 1186 Timber for and workmanship in joinery

BS 1186 - 2: 88 Specification for workmanship

BS 1186 - 3: 90 Specification for wood trim and its fixing

BS 1202 - 1: 74 Specification for Steel Nails

BS 1204: 93 Specification for type MR phenolic and aminoplastic synthetic resin adhesives for wood

BS 3444: 72 Specification for blockboard and laminboard

BS 5082: 93 Specification for water-born priming paints for woodwork

BS 5358: 93 Specification for solvent-born priming paints for woodwork

BS 5669 - Particleboard

BS 5669 - 2: 89 Specification for wood chipboard

BS 5669 - 3: 92 Specification for orientated strand board (OSB)

BS 5669 - 4: 89 Specification for cement bonded particleboard

BS EN 942: 96 identical to EN 942, replaces BS 1186-1. Timber in joinery. General classification of timber quality

1 02 02 Codes BS 7916: 98 Code of Practice for the selection and application of

particleboard, orientated strand board (OSB), cement-bonded particleboard and wood fibre boards for specific purposes

1 03 Definitions 1 03 01 Technical Terms

Block board - plywood panel with core of solid wood strips wider than 7 mm and smaller than 30 mm Batten board - plywood panel with core of solid wood battens wider than 30 mm Concealed face - face of a joinery part, which, after installation of the joinery is completed, is permanently concealed by other parts or other elements of construction, inclusive materials such as plastic or metal Flush panel - assembly in which one or both faces are flush with the framework Hardwood - wood from broad leaved trees with the botanical name 'argiosperms' Joinery - assembly of worked timber components and panel products other than structural timber or cladding Jointed wood - piece of wood made up from smaller pieces joined together. Laminated timber - timber for joinery work, which is consisting of 2 or more pieces glued together Laminboard - plywood with core of solid wood battens between 3 and 7 mm wide, placed on edge and glued together



Particleboard - panel product manufactured under pressure and heat from particles of wood or other ligno-cellulosic materials with the addition of an adhesive. Plywood - wood based panel product consisting of an assembly of plies bonded together, some or all of which are wood; normally the direction of the grain in adjacent plies is at right angles, with the outer and inner plies placed symmetrically on each side of a central ply or core. Push fit - fit requiring pressure that can be applied manually Softwood - wood from conifers with the botanical name 'gymnosperms' Tight fit - fit requiring pressure that needs to be applied mechanically Veneer - thin sheet of wood produced by rotary cutting, slicing or sawing. Visible face - face of a joinery part which, after installation of the joinery is completed, is not permanently concealed Wane - the presence of bark or lack of wood from any cause on the edge or corner of a piece of timber Wood chipboard - particleboard made exclusively from small particles and a binder Wood trim - product of uniform profile to be used as a finishing member

1 03 02 Abbreviations deg. C degree Celsius max. maximum min. minimum RH Relative Humidity UL Underwriters Laboratories (US) MR Melanin Resin

1 05 Submittals Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and specification Section 01300.

1 05 01 Product Data Provide product data for each type of material, including label compliance and if required fire-ratings.

1 05 02 Shop Drawings 1 05 03 Samples

Samples of all materials used for joinery work shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to installation for approval.

1 05 04 Quality Control Submittals Documented experience of Contractor’s site supervisor(s) (see ref. 1 06 01 02) Certificates for all elements indicated showing compliance with referenced Standards and requirements of local authorities Records and reports of Contractor’s Internal Q.C. Records and reports of Contractor’s External Q.C.



1 06 Quality Assurance 1 06 01 Qualifications 1 06 01 01 Qualifications of Manufacturers

Products used in the work of this Section shall be produced by manufacturers regularly engaged in this work, with a history of successful production acceptable to the Engineer.

1 06 01 02 Qualifications of Installers Use adequate number of skilled workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of work Contractor’s site supervisor(s) shall have knowledge of referenced Standards and at least five (5) years of documented experience.

1 06 03 Certifications Provide 'Third Party' certificates issued by an authorized and independent agency or laboratory where indicated.

1 06 04 Quality Control 1 06 04 01 Internal Quality Control

Contractor’s internal Quality Control shall include but not be limited to: Checking suppliers certificates of compliance to conform to specification and referenced Standards prior to application or installation. Checking suppliers delivery tickets for compliance with supply order and specification.

1 07 Delivery, Storage and Handling 1 07 01 Packing and Shipping

Deliver materials to site originally packed by manufacturer. Protect materials during delivery to comply with manufacturer’s directions. Damaged materials shall be replaced at Contractor's costs.

1 07 02 Storage and Protection Store materials at building site strictly according to manufacturer’s instructions. Store products in a dry and ventilated place.



Part 2: Products 2 01 Wood and Wood Products 2 01 01 Timber

Timber used for architectural woodwork shall comply the requirements of BS EN 942. Timber in joinery shall be suitable for its intended purpose. It shall be either softwood or hardwood of class indicated, properly seasoned and planed square, straight and true. Timber shall be free from all evidence of fungus and insect attack, twist and warp and wane edge. The moisture content shall be as near as possible to the equilibrium moisture content for the average humidity likely to be expected. The moisture content after kiln drying and air seasoning shall be between 6 and 12 % for internal use.

2 01 02 Wood Trim Wood trim shall comply with BS 1186 -3 or an equivalent Standard. Use class 1 for the exposed wood trims or as otherwise indicated.

2 01 03 Particleboard 2 01 03 01 Wood Chipboard

Wood chipboard shall comply with the requirements of BS 5669 - 2 or an equivalent Standard. Use chipboard of class adequate for the work and for the conditions at installation (e.g. humidity) or as indicated.

2 01 03 02 Orientated Strand board (OSB) Orientated strand board shall comply with the requirements of BS 5669 - 3 or an equivalent Standard.

2 01 03 03 Cement Bonded Particleboard Cement bonded particleboard shall comply with the requirements of BS 5669 - 4 or an equivalent Standard.

2 01 04 Plywood Plywood for general use shall comply with the requirements of ISO 1098 or an equivalent Standard. Plywood with specific outer veneers shall comply with the respective ISO Standards as referenced under para 1 02. Use plywood of class as defined in ISO 1096, adequate for the work and for the conditions at installation (e.g. humidity) or as indicated. Use plywood of grades adequate for the intended finish or as indicated.

2 01 05 Fibre Building Boards ISO 818 classifies 3 different types of fibre building boards according to their specific weight: soft < 350 kg/m3, min. thickness 10 mm medium 350 - 800 kg/m3, min. thickness 5 mm hard > 800 kg/m3, min. thickness 2,5 mm Fibre building boards shall comply with the requirements of ISO 2695 and 2696 or an equivalent Standard. Use Fibre boards of type (soft, medium or hard) as adequate for the work and for the conditions at installation, as indicated or approved by the Engineer.



2 01 06 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates (HPL) High-pressure decorative laminates shall be made from thermosetting resins and comply with ISO 4586-1 or an equivalent Standard. Provide HPL of classes as indicated.

2 02 Accessories 2 02 01 Adhesives

Adhesives shall be selected from those specified in BS 1186-2, para 10.1. The selection shall pay regard to the condition to which the finished joinery will be exposed.

2 02 02 Nails Steel nails for architectural woodwork shall meet the requirements of BS 1202 - 1, or an equivalent Standard.

2 02 03 Screws Screws for architectural woodwork shall be galvanized. Visible screws shall be nickel plated unless otherwise indicated.

2 02 04 Hardware Hardware for architectural wood work shall meet the requirements stated in Section 08700 'Hardware'

2 03 Fabrication 2 03 01 General

Architectural woodwork shall, wherever possible, be shop-manufactured prior to delivery on site. Wooden members shall be accurately set out, framed and executed to ensure proper workmanship. Arrangement, jointing and fixing of work shall ensure that any shrinkage in any part or in any direction shall not impair the strength and appearance of the finished work and shall not cause any damage to materials or structure.

2 03 02 Jointing 2 03 02 01 Joints Permitting Movement

Joints permitting movement shall be used where shrinkage or other movements are to be expected. 01.0 Plywood Panels

Except where required by design, the following recommendations apply for plywood panels fitted into grooves. a) The grooves shall be not less than 9 mm deep. b) The face of the panel shall fit closely to the sides of the groove, within a maximum tolerance of 10% of the thickness of the panel. c) The panel shall be smaller in length and width, to a maximum of 3 mm, than the distance between the bottoms of the grooves. Items b) and c) also apply for other wood based panel products When a wood based panel product other than plywood is to be jointed, guidance shall be obtained from the manufacturer in respect of the moisture related movement that can be expected, in order to provide the correct depth of groove.



02.0 Solid Timber Panels When solid timber panels are fitted into grooves, the following requirements apply. a) The grooves shall be not less than 9 mm deep, appropriate to the anticipated extent of moisture related movement and having regard to the properties of the timber and the dimensions of the parts. b) The faces of the panel shall fit closely to the sides of the grooves c) In the direction of the grain, the panel shall be a maximum of 3 mm shorter than the distance between the bottoms of the grooves. d) Across the grain, the panel shall be less than the distance between the bottoms of the grooves to provide for any expansion or contraction that may arise due to changes in the moisture content of the material used. e) The panel shall not be fixed in any way that will prevent its free expansion and contraction.

03.0 Profiled Board Surfaces Profiled boards shall be joined together by tongued and grooved joints, appropriate to the anticipated extent of moisture related movement and paying regard to the properties of the timber and the dimensions of the components. The tongue shall not be less than 1/3 of the thickness of the board. The tongued and grooved joints shall permit free swelling and shrinkage of the boards in their width but shall not allow play in the thickness. Fixing shall be carried out so that each board is able to swell and shrink freely in its width but is not able to move as a whole.

2 03 02 02 Fixed Joints 2 03 02 02 01 Framed Joints 01.0 General: The faces of jointed members shall be flush unless

otherwise indicated. Where faces of members are relieved or the edges are moulded, the faces shall be in alignment subject to a tolerance of ± 1mm. In a mortice and tenon, combed or halving joint, where part of the end grain of one member shows upon a finished face or edge, it shall be flush with that face or edge.

02.0 Doweled Joint: Dowels shall be grooved for adhesive, shall be a tight fit into the dowel holes and shall fill the holes to within 6mm at each end when the joint is assembled.

03.0 Mortice and Tenon Joint: In their thickness, the tenon and the mortice shall be parallel to each other and the tenon shall (in its thickness) be a push fit in the mortice. Tenons shall be secured in the mortice preferably by the use of wedges, wood- or metal dowels.

04.0 Combed Joint: Each face of a tenon of a combed joint shall be parallel to the corresponding faces of the other tenons and each individual tenon shall be a push fit in its slotted counterpart. Dowels or pins shall engage all members of the joint.



05.0 Halving Joint: Each part of a halving joint shall be cut to half the thickness of the members forming the joint.

2 03 02 02 02 Joints Between Wide Board Surfaces Meeting at Right or Other Angles 01.0 Dovetail Joint: Dovetail joints shall be so made that the

mating surfaces at the sides of the tails and at the shoulders will be in close contact. Dovetail joints shall not be split or broken in the end pins. The sides of the tail and pin shall be inclined to their axes at a slope of not less than one-in-eight for multi-dovetail joints, and not less than one-in-six and not more than one-in-four for single dovetail joints.

02.0 Housed Joint: The width of the housing shall accurately fit the thickness of the members inserted. The end of the member inserted in the housing shall fit against the bottom of the housing groove. The joint shall be screwed or nailed.

03.0 Rebated Joint: The shoulder of the rebate shall be square with the face of the member rebated or shall be finished accurately at such other angle as the design requires. The joint shall be screwed or nailed.

04.0 Tongued and Grooved Joint between Members Meeting at an Angle: The thickness of the tongue shall not exceed two-fifths of the thickness of the member on which it is formed and shall not be less than 5mm and the length of the tongue shall not exceed 1.5 times its thickness. The shoulder of the grooved member shall be square with the face of the member tongue or shall be finished accurately at such other angles, as the design requires. The width of the groove shall accurately fit the thickness of the tongue inserted and the depth of the groove shall not exceed the length of the tongue by more than 1,5 mm.

2 03 02 03 Edge to Edge Jointed Timber The faces of the pieces joined shall be flush with one another. Except where it is necessary for locating purposes to have a profiled joint, a butt joint may be used.

2 03 02 04 Laminated Timber 2 03 02 04 01 Machine Preparation

Surfaces to be laminated shall be machined to provide a clean cut surface without torn or damaged grain.

2 03 02 04 02 Thickness Variation The variation in actual thickness throughout the length of an individual lamination shall not exceed ± 0,5mm.

2 03 02 04 03 End Joints Laminations that appear on surfaces and will be exposed to the weather shall be joined by finger joints. If laminations are not exposed to the weather, heading joints will be permitted. In both cases no such joints shall be less than 300mm apart in the same or adjacent laminations.



2 03 02 04 04 Moisture Content At the time of gluing the max. moisture content of the laminations to be glued together to a member shall not exceed 5%. The moisture content of each lamination shall not exceed 18 % and shall be within ± 3% of the average equilibrium moisture content that is expected to be attained in service conditions.

2 03 02 05 Finger Jointed Timber Finger jointed timber shall meet the requirements of BS 1186 -2, Para 9.

2 03 03 Finishing The surfaces of timber to be coated shall be suitable for the application of the primer or base coat (varnish, stain or polish). Wood based panel products may require additional preparation (e.g. filling) prior to the application of finishes. The priming or base coat, which shall be compatible with any wood preservative treatments, may be applied at factory or on site. Sufficient time shall be allowed for solvent evaporation if organic solvent wood preservatives are used, before the application of finishes. Water-borne primers shall comply with BS 5082. Solvent-borne primers shall comply with BS 5358. Before applying any subsequent coats, sanding may be necessary.



Part 3: Execution 3 01 General Examination

Examine structure where work of this Section will be installed. Correct conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work. Verify that materials to be used for the work comply with requirements in specifications and schedules. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3 02 General Preparation 3 03 Installation 3 03 01 Prefabricated Joinery

Where prefabricated joinery work is specified to be fixed in position on site, all supports and fixings are to be engaged in the building structure. Prefabricated joinery work shall not be executed until after all floor, wall and ceiling surfaces have been formed or constructed.



3 03 02 Joinery Assembled on Site Where joinery work has to be assembled on site, it shall be done in every respect according to the requirements of para 2 03 'Fabrication'. All supports and fixing shall be properly engaged in the building structure. Joinery assembled on site shall not be executed until after all floor, wall and ceiling surfaces have been formed or constructed.

3 03 03 Wood Trim Provide wood trim of indicated class and fix same as appropriate or indicated. Nailing: Nails shall be driven in such a way as to prevent hammer marks occurring on the surface of the timber, and so as to prevent splitting of the timber. If nails are driven below the surface, the driving shall be carried out with a punch smaller than the nail head. If nails are to finish flush with the surface of the wood trim extra care shall be taken to avoid hammer marks on the surface. When nailing tongued and grooved or overlapped boards, the nails shall be positioned to allow subsequent movement of boards without splitting as a result of nailing restraint. Fixing by screws: When wood trim is to be fixed by screws, holes shall be predrilled. Any countersinking should be properly formed to suit the screw head. Visible screws shall be oval-headed and nickel plated.

3 05 Adjusting and Cleaning Clean installed joinery work and remove debris from site upon completion.

3 07 Protection Protect completed work from damage and weather as appropriate until handing over or further treatment (e.g. painting, coating).

Part 4: Method of Measurement 4 01 General

The quantities to be paid for will be measured in place or determined from drawings.

4 02 Units of Measurement Shelving will be measured by length (m) according to different widths, material and finish. Built-in units, prefabricated or assembled on site will be enumerated.



Part 5: Basis of Payment 5 01 General

Payment will be made for complete work including furnishing all material, equipment, tools, scaffolding, storage facilities, water, power, for all labor, samples, coordinating work with other trades, checking, examination, testing, quality assurance, cleaning and protecting.

5 02 Ancillary Works to be included in the Unit Price Rates All supports and fixings for installation on site.



6 02 Figures 6 02 01 Framed Joints

Fig. 1.1: Typical framed joint



Fig. 1.2: Dowelled joint



Fig. 1.3: Mortice and tenon joint



Fig. 1.4: Halving joint



Fig. 1.5: Combed joint



6 02 02 Joints between Wide Board Surfaces

Fig. 2.1: Dovetail joint



Fig. 2.2: Tongued and grooved joint



Fig. 2.3: Rebated joint



Fig. 2.4: Housed joint



Annex: Specific Information 7 01 Classification of Wood Chipboard

According to BS 5669 wood chipboard is classified as follows: C1 Wood chipboard that is intended for general use.

C1A Wood chipboard that has slightly higher mean quality levels for a number of properties.

C2 Wood chipboard that has enhanced mechanical properties. Although such boards are primarily suitable for the loads encountered in joisted or floating floors in domestic applications, they may also be suitable for other applications, depending on design conditions (see BS 5669-Part 5). Unless suitable protection is provided, these boards shall not be used in situations where their moisture content would exceed 18 % for prolonged periods after installation.

C3 (M) Wood chipboard that has major improvements in moisture resistance and increases in mechanical performance over type C1. Such board recovers an acceptable strength on reconditioning after exposure to water and/or high humidity for limited periods. It does not necessarily resist prolonged exposure to weather, attack by micro-organisms or persistent damp conditions.

C4 (M) Wood chipboard that has the same degree of moisture resistance as C3 (M), but with a specified impact resistance.

C5 Wood chipboard that has both enhanced moisture resistance properties and enhanced mechanical properties compared with types C3 (M) and C4 (M) chipboards. It is intended for structural use where full structural design or prototype testing is required.

7 02 Classification of Plywood Plywood is classified by ISO 1096 as follows: According to construction: a) Veneer plywood b) Wood-core boards 1) Block-board 2) Laminated board c) Compositive Plywood According to form and shape: a) Flat b) Moulded According to durability: a) For use in dry conditions b) For use in humid conditions c) For use in exterior conditions According to mechanical properties According to surface appearance According to surface condition: a) Unsanded panel b) Sanded panel



7 03 Classification of HPL Classification of HPL according to ISO 4586-1 is as follows: C Compact HD Heavy Duty HG Horizontal, general purpose VG Vertical, general purpose VL Vertical, light duty CL Cabinet liner Nominal thickness: 0,5 - 1,0 - 2,0 - 2,5 - 3,0 - 4,0 - 5,0

7 04 Appearance Classes of Timber Classification according to BS EN 942, Table 1: Timber features according to class and face (visible faces) Class J2 Class J10 Class J30 Class J40 Class J50 Knots

max 2mm

30 % max

10mm

30 % max

30mm

40% max

40mm

50% max

50mm Shakes max. width

not permitted

0,5mm 0,5mm 1,5mm if made good

1,5mm if made good

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Z10 PURPOSE MADE JOINERY

1

Al LABINA / AL MANAR in partnership with Hamza/ ECH/ LCE JV

Z10 PURPOSE MADE JOINERY To be read in conjunction with General Requirements. 110 FABRICATION - Standard: To BS 1186-2. - Sections: Accurate in profile and length, and free from twist and bowing. Formed

out of solid unless shown otherwise. - Machined surfaces: Smooth and free from tearing, wooliness, chip bruising

and other machining defects. - Joints: Tight and close fitting. - Assembled components: Rigid. Free from distortion. - Screws: Provide pilot holes. - Screws of 8 gauge or more and screws into hardwood: Provide clearance

holes. - Countersink screws: Heads sunk at least 2 mm below surfaces visible in

completed work. 120 CROSS SECTION DIMENSIONS OF TIMBER - General: Dimensions on drawings are finished sizes. - Maximum permitted deviations from finished sizes: - Softwood sections: To BS EN 1313-1:- Clause 6 for sawn sections. Clause NA.2 for further processed sections. - Hardwood sections: To BS EN 1313-2:- Clause 6 for sawn sections. Clause NA.3 for further processed sections. 130 PRESERVATIVE TREATED WOOD - Cutting and machining: Completed as far as possible before treatment. - Extensively processed timber: Retreat timber sawn lengthways, thicknessed,

planed, ploughed, etc. - Surfaces exposed by minor cutting and/ or drilling: Treat with two flood coats of a

solution recommended by main treatment solution manufacturer. 140 MOISTURE CONTENT - Wood and wood based products: Maintained within range specified for the

component during manufacture and storage. 210 LAMINATED PLASTICS VENEERED BOARDS/ PANELS - Fabrication: To British Laminated Plastics Fabricators Association Ltd (BLF)

fabricating standards. - Balancing veneer: From decorative veneer manufacturer and of similar

composition. Applied to reverse side of core material. - Finished components: Free from defects, including bow, twist, scratches,

chipping, cracks, pimpling, indentations, glue marks, staining and variations in colour and pattern.

- Joints visible in completed work: Tight butted, true and flush.

AL FATEH UNIVERSITY ODAC Z10 PURPOSE MADE JOINERY

2

Al LABINA / AL MANAR in partnership with Hamza/ ECH/ LCE JV

220 WOOD VENEERED BOARDS/ PANELS - Conditioning: Core material and veneers conditioned before bonding. - Setting out: Veneer features and grain pattern aligned regularly and

symmetrically unless instructed otherwise. - Balancing veneer: Applied to reverse side of core material. - Moisture and temperature movement characteristics: As facing veneer. - Veneer edges: Tight butted and flush, with no gaps. - Finished components: Free from defects, including bow, twist, scratches,

chipping, splits, blebs, indentations, glue marks and staining. - Surface finish: Fine, smooth, free from sanding marks. 250 FINISHING - Joinery surfaces: Smooth, even and suitable to receive finishes. - Arrises: Eased unless shown otherwise on drawings. - End grain in external components: Sealed with primer or sealer as section M60

and allow to dry before assembly.

division 06 wood work final

Documents

plastics division

mechanical division

concrete division

masonry division

metals division

sitework division

doors windows division

general requirements