Discrimination and the Progressive Movement

Social Reform or Control?

Americanize ImmigrantsTeach English Prohibit Alcohol

Thought this would make them more loyal and moral.

Racism Limits Goals•Thought that darker skin people had

lesser intelligence.

•South=Jim Crow Laws

•Plessy V. Ferguson

•Woodrow Wilson passes segregation laws.

Booker TBooker T.. Washington WashingtonHow do Black Americans overcome

segregation?Southern Perspective

•Former slave•Wrote a book/ Up From Slavery

•Don’t confront segregation head on•Before you are considered equal in

society--must be self sufficient like most Americans

•Stressed vocational education for Black Americans

•Gradualism and economic self-sufficiency

•Founder of Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. DuboisHow do Black Americans overcome

segregation?Northern Perspective

• Fought for immediate Black equality in society

• Talented 10%: Demanded the top 10% of the talented Black population be

placed into the “power positions”• Gain equality by breaking into power power

structurestructure• Founder of NAACPNAACP

National Association for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleAdvancement of Colored People

Niagara Movement•Met in Canada b/c no one would give

them a room in U.S.

•Led by Dubois and William Monroe Turner

•Denounced Washington’s Ideas.

•Only gathered a few hundred followers.

Begins in 1906 in a meeting at Niagara Falls, Canada in opposition to Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of accepting

segregation.1. Encourage of Black pride2. Uncompromising demand for full political and

civil equality3. No acceptance of segregation----opposed

Booker T. Washington’s “gradualism”.4. Gain acceptance of white reformers. 5. Formation of the NAACP in 1906 with Dubois

as the editor of the NAACP’s journal, The Crisis

6. Other Black groups formed to support Dubois, National Urban League in 1911

Niagara Movement

Formation of NAACP• Lynchings in Springfield, Ill. Led to 2

deaths.

• White reformers got together with leaders of Niagara Movement to form NAACP.

• Fight for rights of A. Americans.

• Included Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Ida B. Wells.

• Focused on Middle class social and political issues.

•National Association for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleAdvancement of Colored People

Formation of Urban League• Local A. American churches and clubs

helped out the poor.

• Hundreds of groups got together to form Urban League.

• Find work and clothing for A. Americans

• Still around today along with NAACP

Anti-Defamation League

•Formed in 1913

•Protect Jews from verbal and physical injustices.

•Secure fair and just treatment

Mexican Americans Organize

•Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) Formed in Arizona.

•Same purpose as Urban League

•Mutualistas- Provided loans and legal assistance and insurance for those too sick to work. (1911)

Native Americans Take Action

•Dawes Act- 1887 Divided reservations into plots.

•Lands that were not occupied could be sold to public.

•1911- Society for American Indians= protested government Indian policy

Asian Americans Fight Unfair Laws

•1913 Law=Only American Citizens could own land.

•Asians could not become citizens and therefore could not own land.

•Many fought this, but it did not change.