SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

DISCOVERI�G WATER/POVERTY LI�KS I� THE SÃO FRA�CISCO RIVER BASI�:

BASIC DATABASE

Marcelo Torres &

SFRB Team

September 2007

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Poverty in the SFRB

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Rural Poverty in the SFRB

14.9%19,60337%48,635Sergipe

7.6%53,48437%258,004Pernambuco

5.3%43,21422%178,006Minas Gerais

7.5%2,84621%7,792Goiás

9.7%139,94123%328,313Bahía

2.6%70,40041%163,307Alagoas

9%345,67728%

1,012,09

5

Total for

SFRB

% of

Rural

PopAbsolute

% of

Rural

PopAbsolute

Extreme Poverty-

RuralRural Poverty

2003 Rural

Poverty

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Spatial Clusters of Rural Poverty in the SFRB

�ot Significant

High-High

Low - Low

High-Low

Low-High

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Poverty• % Poor and extremely poor 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP)

Definition: percentage of people living in a household in which the monthly

income per capita was below ½ (poor) and ¼ (extremely poor) of the

minimum wage.

• Intensity of Poverty 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP)

Definition: difference between average monthly income and the poverty line

in percentage terms.

• % Poor and extremely poor 2003 (IPEA/FIPE)

– Rural, Urban and Total

• Definition: Extremely Poor - Percentage of people leaving in a

household in which the monthly income per-capita is insufficient to buy

a basket of goods that provide minimum caloric content.

• Poor - Percentage of people that leave in a household in which the

monthly income per-capita is sufficient to buy the minimum calorie

basket of goods, but not sufficient to cover minimum costs with

housing, transportation, health etc.

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Geographic/Precipitation

• Latitude (IBGE)

• Longitude (IBGE)

• Altitude (IBGE)

• Area in sq meters (IBGE)

• Slope, 1 km grid (GTOPO30)

– Mean and Standard Deviation

• Precipitation (IWMI)

– Mean and Standard Deviation over a given number of

years

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Income, Income Inequality and HDI

• Per capita Income 1991 and 2000

(IPEADATA/UNDP)

• Value of the average monthly household income in

Brazilian Reais, 2000 - Total, Urban and Rural

(IBGE)

• Gini Coefficient 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)

• Human Development Index 1991 and 2000

(IPEADATA/UNDP)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Demographics

• Total, Urban and Rural Population 1991 and

2000 (IBGE)

• Life Expectancy 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)

• Under Five Mortality Rate 1991 and 2000

(IBGE)

• Dependency Ratio in 2000 - Total, Urban and

Rural (IBGE).

• (People 0<15 and >59+)/(People 15-59)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Education

• Average Years of Education (population over

25), 1991 and 2000 (IBGE)

• Percentage of Chidren 7-14 in school, 1991

and 2000 (IBGE)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Endowments

• Labor– Number of people 10 years old or more that are

economically active 1991 and 2000. (IBGE)

• Land – Number of hectares owned, shared, simply occupied,

rented, 1995 (IBGE).

• Human Capital– Difference between the discounted expected present value

of income associated with education and the income generated by a person without education and experience. 1980, 1991 and 2000 (IPEADATA/UNDP/IBGE).

• Rural Credit– Total value of rural credit (marketing, investment and

inputs) provided by the financial institutions of the municipio in the year of 2000 to 2004. (Brazilian Central Bank)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Transportation and Access to Markets

• Distance to the Federal Capital (IPEA)

• Distance to the state capital (IPEA)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Access to Water

• Percentage of people that uses the water utility

network as the main source, 2000 (IBGE)

– Total, Urban and Rural

• Percentage of people that uses water from wells

and springs as the main source, 2000 (IBGE)

– Total, Urban and Rural

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Access to Basic Sanitation

• Percentage of people that that live in a household

connected to water utility sanitation network, 2000

(IBGE)

– Total, Urban and Rural

• Percentage of people that uses septic tanks, 2000 (IBGE)

– Total, Urban and Rural

• Percentage of people with no bathrooms/no toilettes,

2000 (IBGE).

– Total, Urban and Rural

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Land Cover

Number of hectares in 1980,85 and 95 (IBGE):

• in pasture

• in permanent crops

• in annual crops

• in annual crops recess

• in natural forests

• unsuitable for agriculture

• Productive but not used

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Agricultural Yields, Crop Mix, and Scale

• Yields (tons/hectare) on “poor” crops: corn, rice, beans and manioc, 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE).

– Yearly mean, variance and average growth rate

• Number of hectares (gross planted area) in grains and in specialty crops (fruits and vegetables), 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE).

– Yearly average growth rate

• Total hectares used in agriculture (gross planted area), 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE)

– Yearly mean and average growth rate

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Ag-Production Value and Livestock

• Value of Ag-Production, 1991-2003, (PAM/IBGE).

• Value of Livestock Production, 1991-2003,

(PPM/IBGE)

• Livestock (number of heads per type of livestock),

1991-2003, (PPM/IBGE)

SFRB Team, UCD/Embrapa

Water Availability

• is the precipitation,

• is the potential evapotranspiration,

• is the upstream catchments area,

• is the local slope and

• is the dimension of the cell size for area m, which analysis is being done.

2ln

∆

m mm

m m

P CAwai

E slope x

=

mP

mE

mCA

mslope

∆x