dinamica autovehiculelor rutiere proiect final
DESCRIPTION
proiect dinamica executat in excelTRANSCRIPT
Dinamica si Fiabilitatea Autovehiculelor RutiereProiect
1.Sa se proiecteze un autoturism avand urmatoarele date initiale:
1400Viteza maxima in [km/h] si [m/s] 170 47.2222Panta maxima [°] 18Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f (0,025…0,035) 0.03
2Coeficientul de neuniformitate 0.97
0.41.225
Randamentul η 0.959.5351
Tipul motorului 1.5 DCIPuterea motorului [kW] 66
3000Cuplu motor [Nm] 200
1750180 50
Numar usi 5Numar scaune 5Lungime [mm] 4622Latime [mm] 1809Inaltime [mm] 1479Ampatament [mm] 2702Ecartament fata [mm] 1541Ecartament spate [mm] 1563Amplasare motor Fata Transversal
1461Tractiune Fata
1290Masa maxima autorizata [kg] 1785Tipul pneului 205/65R16
Dimensiuni pneuri70 indicele de sarcina [kg/p 335Latime [mm] 205Inaltime [m] 0.13325Raport H/B 0.65
Masa totala Ga [kg]
Aria sectiunii transversale A [m2] (1,6…2,8)
cx (0,3…0,5)Densitate aer ρaer [kg/m3]
Puterea la viteza maxima Pvmax [kW]
Turatia la putere maxima [rot/min] nP
Turatia la cuplu maxim [rot/min] nM
Viteza maxima Vmax in [km/h] si [m/s]
Volum motor [cm3]
Masa proprie G0 [kg]
Diametrul jantei [m] 0.40640.33645
Repartitia greutatii pe punti1765
Greutate bagaj [kg] 20Greutate pasager [kg] 75b/A [%] 0.57 b [mm] 1540.14a/A [%] 0.43 a [mm] 1161.86G1 [kg] 1006.05G2 [kg] 758.95Greutate pe anvelopa G1d [ 503.025
3.Trasarea caracteristicii externe
Puterea maxima dezvoltata de motor Pmax [kW] 66Coeficientul de elasticitate al motorului 0.5833333333333α1 0.8α2 1.4α3 -1.2nvmax=nmax (coeficient pentru MAC=0,9…1) 3000nvmax/np 0.9f(nvmax/np) 0.9792Randamentul total 0.874Turatia minima mmin 600Turatia minima stabila nmin stabil 800
n [rpm] Pe [kW] Me [Nm]800 21.7771 259.964 66.6667 69.7983 259.171900 25.344 268.928 75 81.2308 268.108
1000 29.04 277.332 83.3333 93.0769 276.4861100 32.8475 285.176 91.6667 105.28 284.3061200 36.7488 292.459 100 117.785 291.5681300 40.7264 299.182 108.333 130.533 298.271400 44.7627 305.345 116.667 143.47 304.4141500 48.84 310.948 125 156.538 3101600 52.9408 315.99 133.333 169.682 315.0271700 57.0475 320.473 141.667 182.844 319.4951800 61.1424 324.394 150 195.969 323.4051900 65.208 327.756 158.333 209 326.7572000 69.2267 330.557 166.667 221.88 329.552100 73.1808 332.798 175 234.554 331.7842200 77.0528 334.479 183.333 246.964 333.4592300 80.8251 335.6 191.667 259.055 334.577
Raza de rulare rr=r0 [m]
Greutate totala autovehicul Ga [kg]
kn kPe kMe
2400 84.48 336.16 200 270.769 335.1352500 88 336.16 208.333 282.051 335.1352600 91.3675 335.6 216.667 292.844 334.5772700 94.5648 334.479 225 303.092 333.4592800 97.5744 332.798 233.333 312.738 331.7842900 100.379 330.557 241.667 321.726 329.553000 102.96 327.756 250 330 326.757
12 0.312 1.00306kn kPe kMe
4.Calculul rezistentei la rulare Rr
Viteza maxima [km/h] 180
Tipul pneului (radial/cord metalic)
f0 0.013295f01 [h/km] -0.000028664f02 [h2/km] 0.00000018036f03 [h3/km] 0
Coeficientul pentru autoturisme λs 4Indicatorul neregularitatilor drumului hd (starea caii foar 150Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,0 0.0078Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,1 0.0035Coef. pentru relatia ce ev.numai viteza de deplasare fr,4 0.0006Coeficientul f0 0.011Coeficientul fs 0.006Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 1765Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului α 0.9510565162952
Viteza fR1 fR2 fR3 fR4 fR50 0.0133 0.0133 0.0078 0.0125 0.0133
10 0.01303 0.0139 0.00815 0.01253 0.0133120 0.01279 0.0157 0.0085 0.01265 0.013430 0.0126 0.0187 0.00885 0.01292 0.0135940 0.01244 0.0229 0.00922 0.01336 0.013950 0.01231 0.0283 0.00959 0.014 0.0143660 0.01222 0.0349 0.00998 0.01487 0.0149770 0.01217 0.0427 0.01039 0.01598 0.0157580 0.01216 0.0517 0.01085 0.01737 0.0167390 0.01218 0.0619 0.01134 0.01903 0.01791
100 0.01223 0.0733 0.0119 0.021 0.0193110 0.01232 0.0859 0.01253 0.02329 0.02091120 0.01245 0.0997 0.01324 0.02591 0.02276130 0.01262 0.1147 0.01406 0.02888 0.02486140 0.01282 0.13089 0.015 0.03221 0.02721150 0.01305 0.1483 0.01609 0.03592 0.02983160 0.01333 0.1669 0.01733 0.04002 0.03272170 0.01363 0.1867 0.01876 0.04453 0.0359180 0.01398 0.2077 0.0204 0.04945 0.03938
-0.0100000000000001
-1.14491749414469E-16
0.00999999999999989
0.0199999999999999
0.0299999999999999
0.0399999999999999
0.0499999999999999
0.0599999999999999
0.0699999999999999
0.0799999999999999
0.0899999999999999
0.0999999999999999
0.11
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0.25
fR1 fR2 fR3 fR4 fR5
km/h
chart ...
f
Rezistenta la rulare in functie de greutatea autovehiculului
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 1765Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala al drumului α=18° si 0.95106 1
Pentru λ=18°R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Viteza
22.3172 22.3172 13.0932 20.9827 22.3172 021.8663 23.3244 13.6808 21.0278 22.349 1021.476 26.3459 14.2698 21.2379 22.4974 20
21.1462 31.3817 14.8639 21.686 22.8137 3020.877 38.4319 15.469 22.4265 23.3364 40
20.6683 47.4964 16.0937 23.505 24.0976 5020.5202 58.5753 16.7488 24.9614 25.1257 6020.4326 71.6685 17.4476 26.8321 26.4462 7020.4055 86.776 18.2059 29.1503 28.0826 8020.4391 103.898 19.0416 31.9469 30.0566 9020.5332 123.034 19.9755 35.2509 32.3889 10020.6878 144.185 21.0305 39.0899 35.0987 11020.903 167.349 22.2318 43.49 38.2047 120
21.1787 192.529 23.6075 48.4761 41.7243 13021.515 219.722 25.1875 54.0722 45.6745 140
21.9118 248.93 27.0047 60.3013 50.0715 15022.3692 280.152 29.094 67.1857 54.931 16022.8871 313.389 31.4929 74.7468 60.2683 17023.4656 348.64 34.2413 83.0055 66.098 180
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100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320330340350360370380390400
R1R2R3R4R5
Pentru λ=0°Viteza R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
0 23.4657 23.4657 13.767 22.0625 23.465710 22.9916 24.5247 14.3849 22.1099 23.499220 22.5812 27.7017 15.0042 22.3309 23.655130 22.2344 32.9967 15.6288 22.802 23.987740 21.9513 40.4097 16.2651 23.5806 24.537350 21.7319 49.9407 16.9219 24.7146 25.337760 21.5762 61.5897 17.6107 26.246 26.418770 21.4841 75.3567 18.3455 28.213 27.807280 21.4557 91.2417 19.1428 30.6504 29.527790 21.4909 109.245 20.0216 33.5909 31.6034
100 21.5898 129.366 21.0035 37.065 34.0557110 21.7524 151.605 22.1127 41.1016 36.905120 21.9787 175.962 23.3759 45.7281 40.1708130 22.2686 202.437 24.8224 50.9708 43.8715140 22.6222 231.03 26.4838 56.8548 48.025150 23.0394 261.741 28.3944 63.4045 52.6483160 23.5203 294.57 30.5913 70.6432 57.7579170 24.0649 329.517 33.1136 78.5934 63.3698180 24.6732 366.582 36.0035 87.2771 69.4995
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R1R2R3R4R5
5.Calculul rezistentei aerului Ra ,Pa si a rezistentei la panta Rp
Aria sectiunii transversale maxime A [m2] 2Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului cx 0.4Densitatea aerului ρ [kg/m3] 1.225Viteza de deplasare a autovehiculului [m/s] 52.777777777778Unghiul de inclinare longitudinala a caii de rulare α [°] 35
α [°] RpViteza [km/Viteza [m/sRa Pa 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 30.803510 2.77778 3.78086 0.0105 2 61.597620 5.55556 15.1235 0.08402 3 92.37330 8.33333 34.0278 0.28356 4 123.1240 11.1111 60.4938 0.67215 5 153.8350 13.8889 94.5216 1.3128 6 184.49360 16.6667 136.111 2.26852 7 215.09970 19.4444 185.262 3.60232 8 245.64180 22.2222 241.975 5.37723 9 276.10790 25 306.25 7.65625 10 306.489
100 27.7778 378.086 10.5024 11 336.778110 30.5556 457.485 13.9787 12 366.964120 33.3333 544.444 18.1481 13 397.039130 36.1111 638.966 23.0738 14 426.992140 38.8889 741.049 28.8186 15 456.816150 41.6667 850.694 35.4456 16 486.5160 44.4444 967.901 43.0178 17 516.036170 47.2222 1092.67 51.5983 18 545.415180 50 1225 61.25 19 574.628
20 603.66621 632.51922 661.18123 689.6424 717.8925 745.92126 773.72527 801.29328 828.61729 855.68930 882.531 909.04232 935.30833 961.28834 986.97535 1012.36
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Ra
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Pa
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Rp
Rp
6.Determinarea grafica a vitezei maxime
Pa+Pr1 Pa+Pr3 Pa+Pr5 Pr1 Pr2 Pr3 Pr4 Pr50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.6179 0.39052 0.63131 0.6074 0.6479 0.38002 0.58411 0.620811.27713 0.87679 1.33387 1.19311 1.46366 0.79277 1.17988 1.249852.04575 1.52222 2.1847 1.76218 2.61514 1.23866 1.80717 1.901142.99182 2.39094 3.26508 2.31966 4.27021 1.71878 2.49184 2.592934.18339 3.54804 4.65969 2.87059 6.59672 2.23524 3.26458 3.346895.68854 5.05999 6.45614 3.42003 9.76254 2.79147 4.16024 4.187627.57532 6.99492 8.74464 3.973 13.9355 3.39259 5.21736 5.142329.9118 9.42297 11.6178 4.53457 19.2836 4.04575 6.47784 6.2405712.766 12.4167 15.1704 5.10977 25.9745 4.76041 7.98672 7.51415
16.2061 16.0512 19.4993 5.70365 34.1761 5.54875 9.79192 8.9969120.3 20.4047 24.7033 6.32127 44.0564 6.42597 11.9441 10.7246
25.1158 25.5588 30.883 6.96765 55.7832 7.41061 14.4967 12.734930.7216 31.5987 38.1409 7.64786 69.5243 8.52492 17.5053 15.067137.1855 38.6137 46.5809 8.36693 85.4476 9.79516 21.0281 17.762344.5755 46.6976 56.3087 9.12992 103.721 11.252 25.1255 20.863152.9597 55.9485 67.4316 9.94186 124.512 12.9307 29.8603 24.413862.4061 66.47 80.0583 10.8078 147.989 14.8717 35.2971 28.4672.9828 78.3707 94.299 11.7328 174.32 17.1207 41.5027 33.049
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Pa+Pr1Pr1
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100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Pa+Pr3Pr3
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Pa+Pr5Pr5Pa+Pr5Pr5
Coordonatele punctului B 57.684
Punctul de intersectie se alfa la viteza de 158 de [km/h] 43.888888888889
7.Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale
i0 2.4083290214437Ze 21Zp 11I0ef 2.4083290214437FRmax [N] 5844.5374229503φ 0.5hg 0.9244Coef de incarcare dinamica in regim de demarare m1φ 0.8645968329956Gad 4988.3580312928
8.Determinarea vitezelor minime si maxime in fiecare treapta
Icv1 4.6710383075833n1=nm 1750n2=nvmax 3000etajarea initiala q 1.7142857142857Calcularea numarului de trepte kmin 3.8597242849324Rotunjirea numarului de trepte 4Recalcularea ratiei de etajare 1.6716209663773Icv2 2.7943166552321Icv3 1.6716209663773Icv4 1Icv5 0.9
n Vtr1 Vtr2 Vtr3 Vtr4 Vtr5800 2.50559 4.1884 7.00141 11.7037 13.0041900 2.81879 4.71195 7.87659 13.1667 14.6296
1000 3.13199 5.23549 8.75176 14.6296 16.25511100 3.44519 5.75904 9.62694 16.0926 17.88071200 3.75838 6.28259 10.5021 17.5556 19.50621300 4.07158 6.80614 11.3773 19.0185 21.13171400 4.38478 7.32969 12.2525 20.4815 22.75721500 4.69798 7.85324 13.1276 21.9444 24.38271600 5.01118 8.37679 14.0028 23.4074 26.00821700 5.32438 8.90034 14.878 24.8704 27.63371800 5.63758 9.42389 15.7532 26.3333 29.25931900 5.95077 9.94744 16.6283 27.7963 30.8848
2000 6.26397 10.471 17.5035 29.2593 32.5103 i0ef 2.408332100 6.57717 10.9945 18.3787 30.7222 34.1358 icv1 4.671042200 6.89037 11.5181 19.2539 32.1852 35.7613 icv2 2.794322300 7.20357 12.0416 20.1291 33.6481 37.3868 icv3 1.671622400 7.51677 12.5652 21.0042 35.1111 39.0123 icv4 12500 7.82997 13.0887 21.8794 36.5741 40.6379 icv5 0.92600 8.14317 13.6123 22.7546 38.037 42.2634 ntr 0.8742700 8.45636 14.1358 23.6298 39.5 43.8889 rr 0.336452800 8.76956 14.6594 24.5049 40.963 45.51442900 9.08276 15.1829 25.3801 42.4259 47.13993000 9.39596 15.7065 26.2553 43.8889 48.7654
80090010001100120013001400150016001700180019002000210022002300240025002600270028002900300031003200
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Vtr5
9.Caracteristica de tractiune a autovehiculelor
Forta de tractiune Fr1 9086.7361129577Forta de tractiune Fr2 5435.883071418Forta de tractiune Fr3 3251.8634192526Forta de tractiune Fr4 1945.3353868252Forta de tractiune Fr5 1750.8018481427Momement motor efectiv Me 310.948Raza de rulare rr 0.33645Randamentul total al transmisiei autovehiculului 0.874
Turatia Moment Treapta I-a Treapta a II-a Treapta a III-a n [rot/min]Me [Nm]Va [km/h] Fr1 [N] Va [km/h] Fr2 [N] Va [km/h] Fr3 [N]
800 259.964 9.02012 7596.84 15.0782 4544.59 25.2051 2718.68900 268.928 10.1476 7858.8 16.963 4701.3 28.3557 2812.42
1000 277.332 11.2752 8104.39 18.8478 4848.22 31.5063 2900.311100 285.176 12.4027 8333.6 20.7326 4985.34 34.657 2982.341200 292.459 13.5302 8546.44 22.6173 5112.67 37.8076 3058.511300 299.182 14.6577 8742.91 24.5021 5230.2 40.9582 3128.821400 305.345 15.7852 8923.01 26.3869 5337.94 44.1089 3193.271500 310.948 16.9127 9086.74 28.2717 5435.88 47.2595 3251.861600 315.99 18.0402 9234.09 30.1564 5524.03 50.4102 3304.61700 320.473 19.1678 9365.07 32.0412 5602.39 53.5608 3351.471800 324.394 20.2953 9479.68 33.926 5670.95 56.7114 3392.481900 327.756 21.4228 9577.91 35.8108 5729.71 59.8621 3427.642000 330.557 22.5503 9659.77 37.6956 5778.69 63.0127 3456.942100 332.798 23.6778 9725.26 39.5803 5817.86 66.1633 3480.372200 334.479 24.8053 9774.38 41.4651 5847.25 69.314 3497.952300 335.6 25.9328 9807.13 43.3499 5866.84 72.4646 3509.672400 336.16 27.0604 9823.5 45.2347 5876.63 75.6152 3515.532500 336.16 28.1879 9823.5 47.1195 5876.63 78.7659 3515.532600 335.6 29.3154 9807.13 49.0042 5866.84 81.9165 3509.672700 334.479 30.4429 9774.38 50.889 5847.25 85.0671 3497.952800 332.798 31.5704 9725.26 52.7738 5817.86 88.2178 3480.372900 330.557 32.6979 9659.77 54.6586 5778.69 91.3684 3456.943000 327.756 33.8255 9577.91 56.5433 5729.71 94.519 3427.64
Turatia Moment Treapta IV-an [rot/min]Me [Nm]Va [km/h] Fr4 [N]
800 259.964 42.1333 1626.37900 268.928 47.4 1682.45
1000 277.332 52.6667 1735.031100 285.176 57.9333 1784.11200 292.459 63.2 1829.67
1300 299.182 68.4667 1871.731400 305.345 73.7333 1910.281500 310.948 79 1945.341600 315.99 84.2667 1976.881700 320.473 89.5333 2004.921800 324.394 94.8 2029.461900 327.756 100.067 2050.492000 330.557 105.333 2068.012100 332.798 110.6 2082.032200 334.479 115.867 2092.552300 335.6 121.133 2099.562400 336.16 126.4 2103.072500 336.16 131.667 2103.072600 335.6 136.933 2099.562700 334.479 142.2 2092.552800 332.798 147.467 2082.032900 330.557 152.733 2068.013000 327.756 158 2050.49
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0250500750
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Fr1 [N]Fr2 [N]Fr3 [N]Fr4 [N]
10.Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculelor
Turatia MomentTreapta I-a Treapta a II-a Treapta a III-a n [rot/min]Me [Nm]Va [km/h] Pr1 [N] Va [km/h] Pr2 [N] Va [km/h] Pr3 [N]
800 259.964 9.02012 19.0346 15.0782 19.0346 25.2051 19.0346900 268.928 10.1476 22.1523 16.963 22.1523 28.3557 22.1523
1000 277.332 11.2752 25.3828 18.8478 25.3828 31.5063 25.38281100 285.176 12.4027 28.7108 20.7326 28.7108 34.657 28.71081200 292.459 13.5302 32.1208 22.6173 32.1208 37.8076 32.12081300 299.182 14.6577 35.5975 24.5021 35.5975 40.9582 35.59751400 305.345 15.7852 39.1255 26.3869 39.1255 44.1089 39.12551500 310.948 16.9127 42.6893 28.2717 42.6893 47.2595 42.68931600 315.99 18.0402 46.2737 30.1564 46.2737 50.4102 46.27371700 320.473 19.1678 49.8632 32.0412 49.8632 53.5608 49.86321800 324.394 20.2953 53.4424 33.926 53.4424 56.7114 53.44241900 327.756 21.4228 56.996 35.8108 56.996 59.8621 56.9962000 330.557 22.5503 60.5086 37.6956 60.5086 63.0127 60.50862100 332.798 23.6778 63.9647 39.5803 63.9647 66.1633 63.96472200 334.479 24.8053 67.3491 41.4651 67.3491 69.314 67.34912300 335.6 25.9328 70.6463 43.3499 70.6463 72.4646 70.64632400 336.16 27.0604 73.841 45.2347 73.841 75.6152 73.8412500 336.16 28.1879 76.9177 47.1195 76.9177 78.7659 76.91772600 335.6 29.3154 79.861 49.0042 79.861 81.9165 79.8612700 334.479 30.4429 82.6557 50.889 82.6557 85.0671 82.65572800 332.798 31.5704 85.2863 52.7738 85.2863 88.2178 85.28632900 330.557 32.6979 87.7374 54.6586 87.7374 91.3684 87.73743000 327.756 33.8255 89.9937 56.5433 89.9937 94.519 89.9937
Turatia Moment Treapta IV-an [rot/min]Me [Nm]Va [km/h] Pr4 [N]
800 259.964 42.1333 19.0346900 268.928 47.4 22.1523
1000 277.332 52.6667 25.38281100 285.176 57.9333 28.71081200 292.459 63.2 32.12081300 299.182 68.4667 35.59751400 305.345 73.7333 39.12551500 310.948 79 42.68931600 315.99 84.2667 46.27371700 320.473 89.5333 49.86321800 324.394 94.8 53.44241900 327.756 100.067 56.9962000 330.557 105.333 60.50862100 332.798 110.6 63.9647
2200 334.479 115.867 67.34912300 335.6 121.133 70.64632400 336.16 126.4 73.8412500 336.16 131.667 76.91772600 335.6 136.933 79.8612700 334.479 142.2 82.65572800 332.798 147.467 85.28632900 330.557 152.733 87.73743000 327.756 158 89.9937
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11.Bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculelor
V [km/h] Rr [N] Ra [N] Ra+Rr [N]0 519.44 0 519.44
10 519.44 3.78086 523.2220 519.44 15.1235 534.56330 519.44 34.0278 553.46740 519.44 60.4938 579.93350 519.44 94.5216 613.96160 519.44 136.111 655.55170 519.44 185.262 704.70280 519.44 241.975 761.41590 519.44 306.25 825.69
100 519.44 378.086 897.526110 519.44 457.485 976.924120 519.44 544.444 1063.88130 519.44 638.966 1158.41140 519.44 741.049 1260.49150 519.44 850.694 1370.13160 519.44 967.901 1487.34170 519.44 1092.67 1612.11
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
Rr [N]Fr4 [N]Ra+Rr [N]
Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru α=5 [°] 5
V [km/h] Rr [N] Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.44 2028.51 2028.5110 519.44 2028.51 2032.2920 519.44 2028.51 2043.6330 519.44 2028.51 2062.5440 519.44 2028.51 208950 519.44 2028.51 2123.0360 519.44 2028.51 2164.6270 519.44 2028.51 2213.7780 519.44 2028.51 2270.4990 519.44 2028.51 2334.76
100 519.44 2028.51 2406.6110 519.44 2028.51 2486120 519.44 2028.51 2572.96130 519.44 2028.51 2667.48140 519.44 2028.51 2769.56150 519.44 2028.51 2879.21160 519.44 2028.51 2996.41170 519.44 2028.51 3121.18
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]Fr3 [N]Rr [N]
Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru α=10 [°]10
V [km/h] Rr [N] Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.44 3526.1 3526.110 519.44 3526.1 3529.8820 519.44 3526.1 3541.2230 519.44 3526.1 3560.1240 519.44 3526.1 3586.5950 519.44 3526.1 3620.6260 519.44 3526.1 3662.2170 519.44 3526.1 3711.3680 519.44 3526.1 3768.0790 519.44 3526.1 3832.35
100 519.44 3526.1 3904.18110 519.44 3526.1 3983.58120 519.44 3526.1 4070.54130 519.44 3526.1 4165.06140 519.44 3526.1 4267.15150 519.44 3526.1 4376.79160 519.44 3526.1 4494170 519.44 3526.1 4618.77
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0200400600800
10001200140016001800200022002400260028003000320034003600380040004200440046004800500052005400560058006000
Rr [N]Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]Fr2 [N]
Caracteristica de tractiune si bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului pentru α=18 [°] 18
V [km/h] Rr [N] Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]
0 519.44 5869.96 5869.9610 519.44 5869.96 5873.7420 519.44 5869.96 5885.0830 519.44 5869.96 5903.9940 519.44 5869.96 5930.4550 519.44 5869.96 5964.4860 519.44 5869.96 6006.0770 519.44 5869.96 6055.2280 519.44 5869.96 6111.9490 519.44 5869.96 6176.21
100 519.44 5869.96 6248.05110 519.44 5869.96 6327.45120 519.44 5869.96 6414.41130 519.44 5869.96 6508.93140 519.44 5869.96 6611.01150 519.44 5869.96 6720.66160 519.44 5869.96 6837.86170 519.44 5869.96 6962.63
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0500
100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500700075008000850090009500
1000010500
Rr [N]Rp+Rr [N]Ra+Rr+Rp[N]Fr1 [N]
12.Bilantul de putere al autovehicululuiCaracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=5 [°]
Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp0 0 0 0
10 1.44289 5.63475 5.6452520 2.88577 11.2695 11.353530 4.32866 16.9043 17.187840 5.77155 22.539 23.211250 7.21444 28.1738 29.486660 8.65733 33.8085 36.07770 10.1002 39.4433 43.045680 11.5431 45.078 50.455290 12.986 50.7128 58.369
100 14.4289 56.3475 66.8499110 15.8718 61.9823 75.961120 17.3147 67.617 85.7652130 18.7575 73.2518 96.3255140 20.2004 78.8865 107.705150 21.6433 84.5213 119.967160 23.0862 90.156 133.174170 24.5291 95.7908 147.389
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
PrPp+PrPa+Pr+PpPr3 [N]
Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=10 [°]Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp
0 0 0 010 1.44289 9.79471 9.8052220 2.88577 19.5894 19.673430 4.32866 29.3841 29.667740 5.77155 39.1789 39.85150 7.21444 48.9736 50.286460 8.65733 58.7683 61.036870 10.1002 68.563 72.165380 11.5431 78.3577 83.734990 12.986 88.1524 95.8087
100 14.4289 97.9471 108.45110 15.8718 107.742 121.721120 17.3147 117.537 135.685130 18.7575 127.331 150.405140 20.2004 137.126 165.945150 21.6433 146.921 182.366160 23.0862 156.715 199.733170 24.5291 166.51 218.108
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
0102030405060708090
100110120130140150160170180190200210220230
PrPp+PrPa+Pr+PpPa+Pr+PpPr2 [N]
Caracteristica de putere a autovehiculului pentru α=18 [°]
Va [km/h] Pr Pp+Pr Pa+Pr+Pp0 0 0 0
10 1.44289 16.3054 16.315920 2.88577 32.6109 32.694930 4.32866 48.9163 49.199940 5.77155 65.2218 65.893950 7.21444 81.5272 82.8460 8.65733 97.8327 100.10170 10.1002 114.138 117.7480 11.5431 130.444 135.82190 12.986 146.749 154.405
100 14.4289 163.054 173.557110 15.8718 179.36 193.339120 17.3147 195.665 213.814130 18.7575 211.971 235.045140 20.2004 228.276 257.095150 21.6433 244.582 280.027160 23.0862 260.887 303.905170 24.5291 277.193 328.791
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
PrPp+PrPa+Pr+PpPr1 [N]
13.Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculelor
Treapta I Treapta IIVa[km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D Va [Km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D9.02012 7596.84 3.07621 0.43857 15.0782 4544.59 8.5959 0.2619710.1476 7858.8 3.89333 0.45366 16.963 4701.3 10.8792 0.2708911.2752 8104.39 4.80658 0.46779 18.8478 4848.22 13.4311 0.2792312.4027 8333.6 5.81596 0.48097 20.7326 4985.34 16.2516 0.2869913.5302 8546.44 6.92147 0.4932 22.6173 5112.67 19.3408 0.2941614.6577 8742.91 8.12311 0.50447 24.5021 5230.2 22.6986 0.3007615.7852 8923.01 9.42089 0.5148 26.3869 5337.94 26.325 0.3067716.9127 9086.74 10.8148 0.52418 28.2717 5435.88 30.22 0.312218.0402 9234.09 12.3048 0.5326 30.1564 5524.03 34.3836 0.3170519.1678 9365.07 13.891 0.54007 32.0412 5602.39 38.8159 0.3213220.2953 9479.68 15.5733 0.5466 33.926 5670.95 43.5168 0.3250121.4228 9577.91 17.3517 0.55217 35.8108 5729.71 48.4863 0.3281222.5503 9659.77 19.2263 0.55679 37.6956 5778.69 53.7244 0.3306423.6778 9725.26 21.197 0.56045 39.5803 5817.86 59.2311 0.3325924.8053 9774.38 23.2638 0.56317 41.4651 5847.25 65.0065 0.3339525.9328 9807.13 25.4268 0.56494 43.3499 5866.84 71.0505 0.3347327.0604 9823.5 27.6859 0.56575 45.2347 5876.63 77.3631 0.3349328.1879 9823.5 30.0411 0.56562 47.1195 5876.63 83.9444 0.33455
Treapta III Treapta IVVa[km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D Va [Km/h] FR [N] Ra [N] D25.2051 2718.68 24.0197 0.15563 42.1333 1626.37 67.1186 0.0900528.3557 2812.42 30.3999 0.16067 47.4 1682.45 84.9469 0.0922631.5063 2900.31 37.5307 0.16534 52.6667 1735.03 104.873 0.0941534.657 2982.34 45.4122 0.16962 57.9333 1784.1 126.896 0.09571
37.8076 3058.51 54.0443 0.17352 63.2 1829.67 151.017 0.0969540.9582 3128.82 63.427 0.17704 68.4667 1871.73 177.235 0.0978644.1089 3193.27 73.5602 0.18018 73.7333 1910.28 205.551 0.0984647.2595 3251.86 84.4442 0.18293 79 1945.34 235.964 0.0987250.4102 3304.6 96.0787 0.18531 84.2667 1976.88 268.474 0.0986753.5608 3351.47 108.464 0.1873 89.5333 2004.92 303.082 0.0982956.7114 3392.48 121.6 0.18891 94.8 2029.46 339.788 0.0975959.8621 3427.64 135.486 0.19014 100.067 2050.49 378.591 0.0965663.0127 3456.94 150.123 0.19098 105.333 2068.01 419.491 0.0952166.1633 3480.37 165.511 0.19145 110.6 2082.03 462.489 0.0935469.314 3497.95 181.649 0.19153 115.867 2092.55 507.584 0.09154
72.4646 3509.67 198.538 0.19123 121.133 2099.56 554.777 0.0892275.6152 3515.53 216.177 0.19055 126.4 2103.07 604.067 0.0865778.7659 3515.53 234.567 0.18949 131.667 2103.07 655.455 0.0836181.9165 3509.67 253.708 0.18805 136.933 2099.56 708.94 0.08031
85.0671 3497.95 273.599 0.18622 142.2 2092.55 764.522 0.076788.2178 3480.37 294.241 0.18401 147.467 2082.03 822.203 0.0727691.3684 3456.94 315.634 0.18142 152.733 2068.01 881.98 0.068594.519 3427.64 337.777 0.17845 158 2050.49 943.855 0.06391
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
-0.0999999999999999
1.38777878078145E-16
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
D treapta ID treapta a II-aD treapta a III-aD treapta a IV-a
Caracteristica de propulsie a drumului
Va [hm/h]
Coeficientul de aderenta ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ ϕ
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.6 0.80 0.057 0.114 0.171 0.1995 0.228 0.342 0.456
10 0.05678 0.11378 0.17078 0.19928 0.22778 0.34178 0.4557820 0.05613 0.11313 0.17013 0.19863 0.22713 0.34113 0.4551330 0.05503 0.11203 0.16903 0.19753 0.22603 0.34003 0.4540340 0.05351 0.11051 0.16751 0.19601 0.22451 0.33851 0.4525150 0.05154 0.10854 0.16554 0.19404 0.22254 0.33654 0.4505460 0.04914 0.10614 0.16314 0.19164 0.22014 0.33414 0.4481470 0.0463 0.1033 0.1603 0.1888 0.2173 0.3313 0.445380 0.04302 0.10002 0.15702 0.18552 0.21402 0.32802 0.4420290 0.03931 0.09631 0.15331 0.18181 0.21031 0.32431 0.43831
100 0.03516 0.09216 0.14916 0.17766 0.20616 0.32016 0.43416110 0.03058 0.08758 0.14458 0.17308 0.20158 0.31558 0.42958120 0.02556 0.08256 0.13956 0.16806 0.19656 0.31056 0.42456130 0.0201 0.0771 0.1341 0.1626 0.1911 0.3051 0.4191140 0.0142 0.0712 0.1282 0.1567 0.1852 0.2992 0.4132150 0.00787 0.06487 0.12187 0.15037 0.17887 0.29287 0.40687160 0.0011 0.0581 0.1151 0.1436 0.1721 0.2861 0.4001170 -0.00611 0.05089 0.10789 0.13639 0.16489 0.27889 0.39289
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
-0.0999999999999999
1.38777878078145E-16
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
D treapta ID treapta a II-aD treapta a III-aD treapta a IV-aϕ=0.1ϕ=0.2ϕ=0.3ϕ=0.35ϕ=0.4ϕ=0.6ϕ=0.8
14.Determinarea vitezei maxime
Sosea din beton in stare bunaCoeficientul rezistentei la rulare "f" 0.018
Viteza maximaα=0 [°] α=3 [°] α=5 [°] α=10 [°]
Treapta a IV-a Treapta a III-a Treapta a II-a Treapta a I-aDIV Va [km/h] DIII Va [km/h] DII Va [km/h] DI Va [km/h]
0.018 146 0.07031 102 0.10509 60 0.19137 20
Rezistenta maxima a drumului
Viteza autovehicul Va [hm/h] 30 60 90 120 150Coef. rezist. totale ψ 0.37 0.22 0.12 0.07 0.05
Viteza autovehicul Va [hm/h] 30 60 90 120 150Panta maxima p [%] 0.352 0.202 0.102 0.052 0.032
Unghiul de inclinare α [°] 20.6097 11.6539 5.85435 2.98072 1.83378
Diagrama acceleratiilor autovehiculelor
0.040.4
Numarul de roti ale autovehiculului n 40.874
11.24942.408334.671040.33645
1765ξ 0.00801
1.030150.02214
Treapta a I-a Treapta a II-aVa [km/h] D Va [km/h] D9.02012 0.43857 4.00508 0.24968 15.0782 0.26197 2.32334 0.4304210.1476 0.45366 4.1487 0.24104 16.963 0.27089 2.40827 0.4152411.2752 0.46779 4.28327 0.23347 18.8478 0.27923 2.48767 0.4019812.4027 0.48097 4.40878 0.22682 20.7326 0.28699 2.56153 0.3903913.5302 0.4932 4.52523 0.22098 22.6173 0.29416 2.62986 0.3802514.6577 0.50447 4.63263 0.21586 24.5021 0.30076 2.69266 0.3713815.7852 0.5148 4.73097 0.21137 26.3869 0.30677 2.74992 0.36365
Momentul de inertie al mecanismului motor, inclusiv volantul Jm [kg*m2]Momentul de inertie al unei roti a autovehiculului JR
Randamentul mecanic global al transmisiei autovehiculului ηtr
Randamentul total de transmitere al transmisiei autovehiculului itr
Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale i0Raportul de transmitere corespunzator treptei selectate icvI
Raza de rulare a rotilor motoare rr
Masa automobilului ma
Coeficientul de influenta al maselor in miscare de rotatie δ1
λ1
a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m] a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m]
16.9127 0.52418 4.82025 0.20746 28.2717 0.3122 2.80164 0.3569318.0402 0.5326 4.90047 0.20406 30.1564 0.31705 2.84784 0.3511419.1678 0.54007 4.97163 0.20114 32.0412 0.32132 2.88849 0.346220.2953 0.5466 5.03374 0.19866 33.926 0.32501 2.92361 0.3420421.4228 0.55217 5.08679 0.19659 35.8108 0.32812 2.9532 0.3386222.5503 0.55679 5.13079 0.1949 37.6956 0.33064 2.97726 0.3358823.6778 0.56045 5.16572 0.19358 39.5803 0.33259 2.99577 0.333824.8053 0.56317 5.1916 0.19262 41.4651 0.33395 3.00876 0.3323625.9328 0.56494 5.20842 0.192 43.3499 0.33473 3.01621 0.3315427.0604 0.56575 5.21618 0.19171 45.2347 0.33493 3.01812 0.3313328.1879 0.56562 5.21488 0.19176 47.1195 0.33455 3.0145 0.33173
Treapta a III-a Treapta a IV-aVa [km/h] D Va [km/h] D25.2051 0.15563 1.31062 0.763 42.1333 0.09005 0.68616 1.4573928.3557 0.16067 1.35867 0.73601 47.4 0.09226 0.7072 1.4140331.5063 0.16534 1.40309 0.71271 52.6667 0.09415 0.72516 1.3790134.657 0.16962 1.44387 0.69258 57.9333 0.09571 0.74003 1.35129
37.8076 0.17352 1.48101 0.67521 63.2 0.09695 0.75183 1.3300940.9582 0.17704 1.51452 0.66027 68.4667 0.09786 0.76054 1.3148544.1089 0.18018 1.5444 0.6475 73.7333 0.09846 0.76617 1.3051947.2595 0.18293 1.57063 0.63669 79 0.09872 0.76872 1.3008650.4102 0.18531 1.59324 0.62765 84.2667 0.09867 0.76819 1.3017553.5608 0.1873 1.61221 0.62027 89.5333 0.09829 0.76458 1.307956.7114 0.18891 1.62754 0.61442 94.8 0.09759 0.75789 1.3194559.8621 0.19014 1.63924 0.61004 100.067 0.09656 0.74811 1.3366963.0127 0.19098 1.6473 0.60705 105.333 0.09521 0.73526 1.3600766.1633 0.19145 1.65173 0.60543 110.6 0.09354 0.71932 1.390269.314 0.19153 1.65252 0.60514 115.867 0.09154 0.7003 1.42795
72.4646 0.19123 1.64967 0.60618 121.133 0.08922 0.6782 1.4744975.6152 0.19055 1.6432 0.60857 126.4 0.08657 0.65302 1.5313478.7659 0.18949 1.63308 0.61234 131.667 0.08361 0.62476 1.6006281.9165 0.18805 1.61933 0.61754 136.933 0.08031 0.59341 1.6851685.0671 0.18622 1.60195 0.62424 142.2 0.0767 0.55899 1.7889488.2178 0.18401 1.58093 0.63254 147.467 0.07276 0.52148 1.9176191.3684 0.18142 1.55627 0.64256 152.733 0.0685 0.48089 2.0794694.519 0.17845 1.52798 0.65446 158 0.06391 0.43722 2.28715
a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m] a [m/s2] 1/a [s2/m]
Diagrama variatiei acceleratiei
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Acceleratia in treapta I
Acceleratia in treapta a II a
Acceleratia in treapta a III a
Acceleratia in treapta a IV a
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Incersul ac-celeratiei in treapta I
Inversul ac-celeratiei in treapta a II-a
Inversul ac-celeratiei in treapta a III-a
Inversul ac-celeratiei in treapta a IV-a
15.Timpul si spatiul de demarare al autovehiculelor
Timpul de demarare pentru drum (orizontal/inclinat) din asfalt in stare (uscata/umeda)
Va ΔTi[km/h] [km/h] [s] [s]9.02012 0.24968 0.24104 1.12752 0.07685 0.0768510.1476 0.24104 0.23347 1.12752 0.07431 0.1511511.2752 0.23347 0.22682 1.12752 0.07208 0.1463912.4027 0.22682 0.22098 1.12752 0.07013 0.1422113.5302 0.22098 0.21586 1.12752 0.06841 0.1385414.6577 0.21586 0.21137 1.12752 0.0669 0.1353115.7852 0.21137 0.20746 1.12752 0.06559 0.1324916.9127 0.20746 0.20406 1.12752 0.06444 0.1300318.0402 0.20406 0.20114 1.12752 0.06345 0.127919.1678 0.20114 0.19866 1.12752 0.06261 0.1260620.2953 0.19866 0.19659 1.12752 0.0619 0.124521.4228 0.19659 0.1949 1.12752 0.06131 0.123222.5503 0.1949 0.19358 1.12752 0.06084 0.1221423.6778 0.19358 0.19262 1.12752 0.06048 0.1213224.8053 0.19262 0.192 1.12752 0.06023 0.1207125.9328 0.192 0.19171 1.12752 0.06009 0.1203227.0604 0.19171 0.19176 1.12752 0.06005 0.1201428.1879 0.19176 0.3462 3.85335 0.28791 0.3479632.0412 0.3462 0.34204 1.88478 0.18016 0.4680733.926 0.34204 0.33862 1.88478 0.17818 0.35834
35.8108 0.33862 0.33588 1.88478 0.17657 0.3547437.6956 0.33588 0.3338 1.88478 0.17531 0.3518739.5803 0.3338 0.33236 1.88478 0.17439 0.3496941.4651 0.33236 0.33154 1.88478 0.17379 0.3481843.3499 0.33154 0.33133 1.88478 0.17352 0.3473245.2347 0.33133 0.33173 1.88478 0.17357 0.347147.1195 0.33173 0.62027 6.44134 0.85169 1.0252653.5608 0.62027 0.61442 3.15063 0.54029 1.3919756.7114 0.61442 0.61004 3.15063 0.53581 1.076159.8621 0.61004 0.60705 3.15063 0.53259 1.068463.0127 0.60705 0.60543 3.15063 0.53057 1.0631566.1633 0.60543 0.60514 3.15063 0.52973 1.060369.314 0.60514 0.60618 3.15063 0.53006 1.05979
72.4646 0.60618 0.60857 3.15063 0.53156 1.0616275.6152 0.60857 0.61234 3.15063 0.53426 1.0658278.7659 0.61234 0.61754 3.15063 0.53818 1.0724481.9165 0.61754 0.62424 3.15063 0.54339 1.0815785.0671 0.62424 0.63254 3.15063 0.54995 1.09334
i/ai i/ai+1 dv td
[m2/s] [m2/s]
88.2178 0.63254 0.64256 3.15063 0.55797 1.1079291.3684 0.64256 0.65446 3.15063 0.56756 1.1255394.519 0.65446 1.36007 10.8143 3.02579 3.59335
105.333 1.36007 1.3902 5.26667 2.01177 5.03756110.6 1.3902 1.42795 5.26667 2.06143 4.0732
115.867 1.42795 1.47449 5.26667 2.12308 4.18451121.133 1.47449 1.53134 5.26667 2.19871 4.32179
126.4 1.53134 1.60062 5.26667 2.29097 4.48968131.667 1.60062 1.68516 5.26667 2.40349 4.69446136.933 1.68516 1.78894 5.26667 2.54124 4.94473
142.2 1.78894 1.91761 5.26667 2.71128 5.25252147.467 1.91761 2.07946 5.26667 2.92378 5.63506152.733 2.07946 0 -152.733 -44.1115 -41.1877
t [s] vi [km/h] vi+1 dt [s] Δ Si Sd
0.07685 9.02012 10.1476 0.07431 0.19782 0.197820.15115 10.1476 11.2752 -0.00477 -0.01418 0.183640.14639 11.2752 12.4027 -0.00418 -0.01375 -0.027930.14221 12.4027 13.5302 -0.00367 -0.01322 -0.026970.13854 13.5302 14.6577 -0.00322 -0.01261 -0.025830.13531 14.6577 15.7852 -0.00282 -0.01193 -0.024540.13249 15.7852 16.9127 -0.00246 -0.01117 -0.02310.13003 16.9127 18.0402 -0.00213 -0.01036 -0.021540.1279 18.0402 19.1678 -0.00184 -0.00948 -0.01985
0.12606 19.1678 20.2953 -0.00156 -0.00855 -0.018030.1245 20.2953 21.4228 -0.0013 -0.00754 -0.016090.1232 21.4228 22.5503 -0.00106 -0.00647 -0.01401
0.12214 22.5503 23.6778 -0.00083 -0.00532 -0.011780.12132 23.6778 24.8053 -0.00061 -0.00408 -0.00940.12071 24.8053 25.9328 -0.00039 -0.00275 -0.006830.12032 25.9328 27.0604 -0.00018 -0.00132 -0.004070.12014 27.0604 28.1879 0.22782 1.74815 1.746830.34796 28.1879 32.0412 0.12011 1.00477 2.752920.46807 32.0412 33.926 -0.10973 -1.00536 -0.000590.35834 33.926 35.8108 -0.0036 -0.03486 -1.040220.35474 35.8108 37.6956 -0.00287 -0.02933 -0.064190.35187 37.6956 39.5803 -0.00218 -0.0234 -0.052730.34969 39.5803 41.4651 -0.00151 -0.01703 -0.040430.34818 41.4651 43.3499 -0.00086 -0.01015 -0.027180.34732 43.3499 45.2347 -0.00022 -0.00272 -0.012870.3471 45.2347 47.1195 0.67816 8.69876 8.69604
1.02526 47.1195 53.5608 0.36671 5.12789 13.82671.39197 53.5608 56.7114 -0.31587 -4.8378 0.290091.0761 56.7114 59.8621 -0.0077 -0.12468 -4.962481.0684 59.8621 63.0127 -0.00524 -0.08949 -0.21417
1.06315 63.0127 66.1633 -0.00286 -0.05126 -0.140751.0603 66.1633 69.314 -0.00051 -0.00958 -0.06085
1.05979 69.314 72.4646 0.00183 0.03607 0.026491.06162 72.4646 75.6152 0.0042 0.08633 0.12241.06582 75.6152 78.7659 0.00662 0.14194 0.228271.07244 78.7659 81.9165 0.00913 0.20381 0.345741.08157 81.9165 85.0671 0.01177 0.27303 0.476831.09334 85.0671 88.2178 0.01458 0.35094 0.623971.10792 88.2178 91.3684 0.01761 0.4392 0.790141.12553 91.3684 94.519 2.46782 63.7134 64.15263.59335 94.519 105.333 1.44421 40.0873 103.8015.03756 105.333 110.6 -0.96436 -28.9219 11.16544.0732 110.6 115.867 0.11131 3.5012 -25.4207
4.18451 115.867 121.133 0.13728 4.51884 8.020044.32179 121.133 126.4 0.16789 5.77203 10.29094.48968 126.4 131.667 0.20478 7.33982 13.11194.69446 131.667 136.933 0.25027 9.33653 16.67644.94473 136.933 142.2 0.30779 11.9325 21.2695.25252 142.2 147.467 0.38254 15.3901 27.32255.63506 147.467 152.733 -46.8228 -1952.25 -1936.86
-41.1877 152.733
16.Parametrii capacitatii de franare ai autovehiculului
1.00601ξ 0.00601
0.3Acceleratia gravitationala g 9.81Unghiul de inclinare al drumului α 0.08727Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f 0.013071
Coeficientul de rezistenta aerodinamica frontala k 0.4Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga [kg] 1765
Modul de franare Starea caii de rulareVa
[km/h] [s]
beton uscat ϕ=60 2.39689
0.7 100 6.826 3.93017168 6.41991
beton umed ϕ=60 4.70748
0.35 100 3.413 7.60315168 12.1327
polei ϕ=60 10.481
0.15 100 1.46271 16.34168 24.876
beton uscat μ=60 3.05205
0.56 100 5.4608 4.87134168 7.90789
beton umed μ=60 6.10411
0.28 100 2.7304 9.35213168 14.7707
polei μ=60 14.2429
0.12 100 1.17017 19.7534168 29.6012
Coeficientul de influenta al maselor in miscare de rotatie δ1
Momentul de inertie al unei roti a autovehiculului JR
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α1=0 [°](dv/dt)max tfmin
[m/s2]
Cu toate rotile pana la limita de aderenta, fara
blocare
Cu toate rotile blocate
Modul de franare Starea caii de rulareVa
[km/h] [s]
beton uscat ϕ=60 2.44164
0.7 100 7.67698 3.50775168 6.16603
beton umed ϕ=60 4.88329
0.35 100 4.26397 10.8807168 17.0376
polei ϕ=60 11.3943
0.15 100 2.31369 4.23862168 6.90951
beton uscat μ=60 3.05205
0.56 100 6.31177 4.23862168 6.90951
beton umed μ=60 6.10411
0.28 100 3.58137 7.26795168 11.6214
polei μ=60 14.2429
0.12 100 2.02114 12.2917168 19.1003
Ff 12346.6 Ff 13857.6Ff 6286.45 Ff 7797.44Ff 2823.52 Ff 4334.51Ff 9922.52 Ff 11433.5Ff 5074.42 Ff 6585.41Ff 2304.08 Ff 3815.07
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α2=5 [°](dv/dt)max tfmin
[m/s2]
Cu toate rotile pana la limita de aderenta, fara
blocare
Cu toate rotile blocate
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α1=0 [°]
Unghiul de inclinare al drumului:drum orizontal α2=5 [°]
Spatiul minim de franare [m]
Felul suprafetei de rulare Coeficientul de aderenta/frecare
Drum de beton cu suprafata uscataϕ= 0.7
μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.56
Drum de beton cu suprafata umedaϕ= 0.35
μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.28ϕ= 0.15
μ= (pentru toate rotile franate) 0.12
Rotile franate10 60 80 100 120 168
toate rotile ϕ=0,7 0.39332 14.1595 25.1725 52.977 75.5089 143.463ale puntii fata ϕ=0,70.84505 30.4219 54.0833 84.5052 121.687 238.507
ale puntii spate ϕ=0,71.12018 40.3266 71.6918 112.018 161.307 316.161toate rotile μ =0,560.39354 14.1673 25.1863 65.5437 93.2002 175.862toate rotile ϕ=0,35 0.39386 14.1789 25.207 101.759 143.737 266.155
ale puntii fata ϕ=0,351.82767 65.7961 116.971 112.018 161.307 316.161ale puntii spate ϕ=0,352.1028 75.7009 134.579 210.28 302.804 593.495
toate rotile μ =0,280.39397 14.1828 25.2139 124.743 175.48 321.285toate rotile ϕ=0,15 0.39417 14.19 25.2267 215.029 297.869 523.979
ale puntii fata ϕ=0,154.44798 160.127 284.671 444.798 640.51 1255.4ale puntii spate ϕ=0,154.72312 170.032 302.28 472.312 680.129 1333.05
toate rotile μ =0,120.39421 14.1917 25.2297 258.246 355.255 614.354
Drum de beton cu suprafata acoperita cu polei
Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Spatiul de franare pentru toate rotile
Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0.7
Spatiul de franare pentru μ=0.56
Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0.35
Spatiul de franare pentru μ=0.28
Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0.15
Spatiul de franare pentru μ=0.12
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Spatiul de franare pentru ϕ=0,7
Spatiul de franare cu toate rotile
Spatiul de franare cu rotile puntii fata
Spatiul de franare cu rotile puntii spate
Spatiul de oprire
Variatia deceleratiei in timpul procesului de franare
Timpul intarzierilor fiziologice t1 0.5Timpul intarzierilor mecanice t2 0.3Timpul de initiere a franarii t3 0.1
Viteza initiala Vai [km/h]
10 60 80 100 120 1682.36111 14.1667 18.8889 23.6111 28.3333 39.66670.39332 14.1595 25.1725 52.977 75.5089 143.4632.75443 28.3262 44.0614 76.5881 103.842 183.1292.36111 14.1667 18.8889 23.6111 28.3333 39.66670.84505 30.4219 54.0833 84.5052 121.687 238.5073.20616 44.5885 72.9722 108.116 150.021 278.1742.36111 14.1667 18.8889 23.6111 28.3333 39.66671.12018 40.3266 71.6918 112.018 161.307 316.1613.4813 54.4933 90.5807 135.63 189.64 355.828
Modul de
franare al rotilor
cu toate rotile
Ss [m]Sfmin [m]Sopr [m]
numai cu rotile p. fata
Ss [m]Sfmin [m]Sopr [m]
numai cu rotile p. spate
Ss [m]Sfmin [m]Sopr [m]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Spatiul de oprire
Spatiul de oprire cu toate rotile
Spatiul de oprire numai cu rotile puntii fata
Spatiul de oprire numai cu rotile puntii spate
17.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti
1.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la urcarea unei pante
Coordonatele centrului de masa ale autovehicululuia [m] 1.16186b [m] 1.54014hg [m] 0.9244
Tabelul 1.Valorile unghiurilor limita de stabilitate longitudinala
- 1.66610.7 0.20461 0.20461 0.70.35 0.0946 0.109 0.350.15 0.03887 0.04853 0.15
Conditia de stabilitate longitudinala la rasturnare
0.7395Densitatea aerului ρ 1.225
Coeficientul de portanta Cz 0.4Aria sectiunii transversale a autovehiculului A [m] 2
Coeficientul aerodinamic frontal k 0.4Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului Cx 0.4
< 162.016 [km/h]
Tabelul 2.Viteza limita de stabilitate la rasturnarea transversala
Raza de curbura a drumului [m]
15 20 30 40 60β1=0 39.9559 46.137 56.5061 65.2476 79.9117β2=3 42.1231 48.6396 59.5711 68.7868 84.2463β3=5 43.6211 50.3693 61.6895 71.2329 87.2422
Unghiurile limita
de stabilitat
e
Aderenta ϕ
Punte motoare
spate
Punte motoare
fata
Ambele punti
motoare
αr
αa
2.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la deplasarea rectilinie cu viteza mare pe drum orizontal
Inaltimea metacentrului fata de calea de rulare ha
va
3.Stabilitatea miscarii autovehiculelor cu roti la deplasarea pe o cale de rulare cu inclinare transversala sau in viraje
Unghiul de
inclinare transv.
Raza de curbura a drumului [m]
80 100 140 180 240 300β1=0 92.2741 103.166 122.067 138.411 159.823 178.688β2=3 97.2792 108.761 128.688 145.919 168.493 188.38β3=5 100.739 112.629 133.265 151.108 174.484 195.079
Unghiul de inclinare transv.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0102030405060708090
100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310
Diagrama de variatie a vitezelor limita de stabilitate la rasturnarea transversala β1=0 β1=3 β1=5
Tabelul 3.Viteza limita de stabilitate la deraparea in viraj
Raza de curbura a drumului R [m]
15 20 30 40 60 80 100ϕy1=0,5632.7505 37.817 46.3162 53.4814 65.501 75.6341 84.5615ϕy2=0,2823.1581 26.7407 32.7505 37.817 46.3162 53.4814 59.794ϕy3=0,1215.1605 17.5059 21.4402 24.7571 30.3211 35.0118 39.1443
Raza de curbura a drumului R [m]
140 180 240 300ϕy1=0,56100.054 113.451 131.002 146.465ϕy2=0,2870.7492 80.222 92.6324 103.566ϕy3=0,1246.3162 52.5177 60.6422 67.8
Coeficientul de
aderenta laterala
Coeficientul de
aderenta laterala
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1600
102030405060708090
100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320
ϕy1=0,56ϕy2=0,28ϕy3=0,12
Conditia de stabilitate transversala la rasturnare
tgβr ≤ 0.83351
Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]
10 20 30 40 60 80(dθ/dt)r 8.83393 4.41697 2.94464 2.20848 1.47232 1.10424
Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]
100 120 140 168(dθ/dt)r 0.88339 0.73616 0.631 0.52583
Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]
10 20 30 40 60 80(dθ/dt)a 0.7 7.4189 3.70945 2.47297 1.85472 1.23648 0.92736(dθ/dt)a 0.35 3.70945 1.85472 1.23648 0.92736 0.61824 0.46368(dθ/dt)a 0.15 1.58976 0.79488 0.52992 0.39744 0.26496 0.19872
Viteza autovehiculului [km/h]
100 120 140 168(dθ/dt)a 0.7 0.74189 0.61824 0.52992 0.4416(dθ/dt)a 0.35 0.37094 0.30912 0.26496 0.2208(dθ/dt)a 0.15 0.15898 0.13248 0.11355 0.09463
4.La deplasarea autovehiculului cu viteza constanta pe o cale de rulare rectilinie cu o inclinare laterala β
5.La deplasarea autovehiculului cu viteza ridicata pe o cale de rulare rectilinie fara inclinare transversala
Tabelul 4.1 Viteza unghiulara limita de bracare a rotilor de directie (pentru evitarea rasturnarii)
Viteza limita de bracare a
rotilor de directie
Coeficientul de
aderenta transversal
a a drumului
Viteza limita de bracare a
rotilor de directie
Coeficientul de
aderenta transversal
a a drumului
Tabelul 4.2 Viteza unghiulara limita de bracare a rotilor de directie (pentru evitarea depararii)
Viteza limita de bracare a rotilor de directie
Coeficientul de
aderenta transversa
la a drumului
Viteza limita de bracare a rotilor de directie
Coeficientul de
aderenta transversa
la a drumului
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ϕ=0.7ϕ=0.35ϕ=0.15(dθ/dt)r
Transversal
205/65R16
Va [km/h]
1/a [s2/m]
1/a [s2/m]