proiect dinamica autovehiculelor 2

8/12/2019 Proiect Dinamica Autovehiculelor 2

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1.CALCULUL LA TRACTIUNE AL AUTOCAMIONULUIAutofurgon cu motor MAC-185 kW/2700 RPM

1.1 Parametri geometrici ai autocamionului

DIMENSIUNI [mm] Ampatament (L) 2800Ecartamentul fata (B1) 1520Ecartamentul spate (B2) 1465Lungime totala (A) 4794Latime totala (D) 1600Inaltime totala (H) 1500Garda la sol (c) 200Consola fata (l1) 918Consola spate (l2) 1076

Unghiul de trecere fata (1 ) 24Unghiul de trecere spate (2 20

MASE [N]Greutate Proprie (G0) 40000Greutate Utila (Gu) 10800Nr. Persoane 2Greutate Persoane (Gp) 150Greutate Bagaje (Gb) 50Greutate Totala (Ga) 148000

1.2 Repartizarea greutatii pe punti

Fata 1/3Spate 2/3

Distributia greutatii pe punti

Punte fata (G1) [N] 1/3*Ga G1= 48840Punte spate (G2) [N] 2/3*Ga G2= 97680

Coeficientul de utilizare al greutatii:

G= G0/GuG= 3.703703704


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1.3 Alegerea pneurilor si determinarea razei de rulare

Se adopta: Pneuri 315/80R 22,5Jenti 9,00x 22,5

Latime sect. max (B) 315 mmDiametrul jantei (d) 22.5 inchx= 0.8Coeficientul de deformare apneului =(0.945 - 0,960) 0.95

Inaltimea Pneului (H) H=x*B 252 mmDiametrul exterior (D) D=d*25,4+2H 1075.5 mmRaza Statica (Rs) Rs=(d*25,4)/2+B*0,84 550.35 mmRaza Nominala (Rn) Rn=D/2 537.75 mmRaza Dinamica (Rr) Rr=*Rn 510.86 mmMarime camera aer 12.00-20''Presiune aer - fata 7.25 daN/cm2

- spate 6.75 daN/cm2

Viteza maxima 85 km/hCoeficient de incarcarestatica k=(0.10.16) 0.16

1.4 Calculul caracteristicii externe a motorului

Puterea motorului P [kW] 185Turatia n [rot/min] 2700

Ampatamentul L [m] 2.8Ecartamentul B2 [m] 1.465Inaltime Totala H [m] 2.742Latime Totala D [m] 1.6Greutatea Ga [N] 148000Raza rotii motoare Rn [mm] 510.86

Aria supraf frontale S [m ] 2.9Coef. de rez. aerodinamica K [kg/m ] 0.65Unghiul rampei maxime 10Coef. de rez. la rulare f 0.015Coef. de aderenta 0.8Randamentul transmisiei tr 0.92Coef. de elasticitate c 0.6Coef. de adaptabilitate k 1.07Coef. aerodinamic Cx 0.85

Cunoasterea caracteri stici i externe a motorului este necesara pentru efectuarea calculului de

tractiune si pentru studierea performantelor autovehiculuilui. In cazul in care nu se cunoaste caracterist ica exterioara determinata experimental,aceasta poate fi calculata cu ajutorul relatiilor de mai jos:


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Coeficientii alfa

1= 0.752= 1.53= -1.25

1+2+3= 1

Putere Maxima Pm 185 [kW]Turatia Puterii Maxime 2700 [rot/min]

Momentul maxim M M 815.32 [N*m]

Turatia Momentului Maxim nM 1620 [rot/min]Momentul corespunzatorputerii maxime Mm 679.47 [N*m]

n(rot/min) Pe(kW) Me(N*m) c(g/kW) C(kg/h)1000 77.71 770.58 296.26 23.021100 86.95 783.86 291.24 25.32 2001200 96.18 794.81 287.22 27.63 1801300 105.32 803.43 284.14 29.93 1601400 114.32 809.72 281.93 32.23 1401500 123.08 813.69 280.56 34.53 1201590 130.72 815.26 280.02 36.60 1001600 131.55 815.32 280.00 36.83 801700 139.65 814.62 280.24 39.14 601800 147.31 811.59 281.29 41.44 401900 154.47 806.23 283.16 43.74 202000 161.05 798.54 285.88 46.04 02100 166.98 788.52 289.52 48.342200 172.19 776.17 294.12 50.652300 176.62 761.49 299.79 52.952400 180.18 744.48 306.64 55.252500 182.81 725.14 314.82 57.552600 184.44 703.47 324.52 59.852650 184.86 691.76 330.01 61.012900 0 0 500 10

M Mn

n

n

ne mm m

= + +

a a a1 2 3

2

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

1,000 1,500

+

+=

3

3

2

21

mmmme n

nn

nn

n P P a a a

25.1)6.01(2/1)1(2

1

5.1)6.01(2/6.0*2)1(2

2

75.0)6.01(2/6.0*43)1(2

43

3

2

1

===

===

===

c

cc

cc

a

a

a


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1.5 Stabilirea vitezei maxime a autocamionului Viteza maxima se determina din conditia functionarii motorului dupa caracteristicaexterna (sarcina maxima).

P vmax =P (pt. M.A.C.)= kW 185 A= 1177.72B= 90291.78Vmax= [m/s] 31.84Vmax= [km/h] 115

1.6 Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei

Valoarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale ale autocisternei (i ) se determinadin conditia realizarii vitezei maxime in priza directa a cutiei de viteze, pe drum orizontal de calitatefoarte buna.

Raportul de transmitere al transmisiei principale :

Raza dinamica Rd 0.51 m

Turatia vitezei maxime n

vmax 2700 rot/min

Raportul din CV pentru Vmax ikvmax 1Raportul din reductor iCDN 1Viteza maxima Vmax 31.84 m/s

i0 4.54

Coeficientul rezistentei totale:

max= 0.19

1.7 Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze

Presupunem ca valorile rapoartelor de transmitere ale cutiei de viteze, formeaza o

888165.377099437.6*65.0

185*92.0

*

*

868113.4919437.6*65.0

015.0*148000

*

*

max ===

===

S K P

B

S K f Gt

A

V tr

)sin()cos( maxmaxmax a a += f

3

32

3

32

max 322322 + + + += A B B A B Bv

54.484.31*1*12650*51086.0

*30**

**

30 maxmaxmax

0 ===

viinr

iCDN kv

V


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1775.17

Se adopta turatia limita inferioara de schimbare a treptelor de viteza n1 :

n1= 1742

Viteza minima a treptei de viteza:

Viteza maxima a treptei de viteza:

Puterea la roata:

Momentul la roata:

Forta la roata:

Factorul dinamic:

Acceleratia :

Coeficientii maselor de rotatie corespunzatori treptelor de viteza alese se vor calcula cu relatia:

Se adopta: Momentul de inertie al motorului I m :

Momentul de inertie al rotilor autovehiculului I r :

Treapta de viteza Rap.t rans . Ik Viteza [m/s] Viteza [km/h]1 8.14 1.01 3.91 14.082 5.35 1.01 5.95 21.423 3.52 1.01 9.04 32.564 2.31 1.01 13.76 49.535 1.52 1.01 20.94 75.376 1.00 1.01 31.84 114.63

2. PERFORMANTELE AUTOCAMIONULUI

== qnn n /1

kii ii

nr v =

0

1min 30

kii ii

nr v =

0max 30

tr Pe =Pr

tr tr i Me Mr =

r

ii Me Fr tr kn

= 0

aG Fa Fr

D =

)(

= D g a

a

r

a

tr tr m G

g r I

G g

r i

I ++= 222

1

3,0=m I

30=r I


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Performantele reprezinta posibilitatile maxime ale autocisternei in privinta vitezei,demarajului si capacitatii de franare, precum si indicii de apreciere ai acestora.

Caracteristica fortei la roata

Caracteristica fortei la roata sau caracateristica de tractiune reprezinta curbele de variatieale acesteia in functie de viteza autocisternei Fr=f(v) pentru fiecare treapta a cutiei de viteze utilizate.

Me - momentul efectiv al motoruluiitr - raportul de transmitere al transmisiei

tr - randamentul transmisieir - raza dinamica a rotii

Caracteristica dinamica a autocamionului

Forta de tractiune disponibila excedentara: Fe=Fr-Rd , care se utilizeaza la invingerearezisetntelor drumului si rezistentei la demarare, caracterizeaza dinamicitateaautocisternei, dar nu poate fi folosita ca indice de comparatie pentru autocisterne de greutati diferite, deoarece la valori egale ale fortei excedentare Fe, calitatile dinamiceale unei autocisterne cu greutate mai mica sunt superioare celor ale uneiautocisterne cu greutate totala mai mare. 3

Acceleratia si inversul ei

Acceleratia autocisternei caracterizeaza in general, calitatile lui dinamice, deoarece, in conditii egale, cu cat este mai mare cu atat creste viteza medie de exploatare.Valoarea acceleratiei autobasculantei se poate determina cu ajutorul caracteristicii dinamice.

turatia limita inf de schimbare a treptei n1=n/q= 1775.17

r ii Me

F tr knr = 0

GavS k F

D r 2

=


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n v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v61590 2.30 3.50 5.33 8.11 12.33 18.751600 2.32 3.53 5.36 8.16 12.41 18.871700 2.46 3.75 5.70 8.67 13.18 20.051742 2.52 3.84 5.84 8.88 13.51 20.541800 2.61 3.97 6.03 9.18 13.96 21.231900 2.75 4.19 6.37 9.69 14.73 22.412000 2.90 4.41 6.70 10.20 15.51 23.59

2100 3.04 4.63 7.04 10.71 16.28 24.772200 3.19 4.85 7.37 11.22 17.06 25.952300 3.33 5.07 7.71 11.73 17.83 27.122400 3.48 5.29 8.04 12.23 18.61 28.302500 3.62 5.51 8.38 12.74 19.38 29.482600 3.77 5.73 8.71 13.25 20.16 30.662650 3.84 5.84 8.88 13.51 20.55 31.25

n Pe Me v Fr D a

0,9*vmax 2250 184.86 784.13 28.66 52142.27 0.34 3.24

Turatia Putere Moment Treapta I

n Pe Me Viteza I Fr D a Viteza II[rot/min] [kW] [N*m] [m/s] [N] - [m/s2] [m/s]

1000 77.71 770.58 1.45 51241.11 0.03 0.19 2.201100 86.95 783.86 1.59 52124.31 0.04 0.20 2.421200 96.18 794.81 1.74 52852.56 0.04 0.20 2.641300 105.32 803.43 1.88 53425.87 0.04 0.21 2.861400 114.32 809.72 2.03 53844.22 0.04 0.21 3.091500 123.08 813.69 2.17 54107.63 0.04 0.21 3.311590 130.72 815.26 2.30 54212.22 0.04 0.21 3.501600 131.55 815.32 2.32 54216.10 0.04 0.21 3.531700 139.65 814.62 2.46 54169.61 0.04 0.21 3.75


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1800 147.31 811.59 2.61 53968.18 0.04 0.21 3.971900 154.47 806.23 2.75 53611.80 0.04 0.21 4.192000 161.05 798.54 2.90 53100.48 0.04 0.21 4.412100 166.98 788.52 3.04 52434.20 0.04 0.20 4.632200 172.19 776.17 3.19 51612.98 0.03 0.20 4.852300 176.62 761.49 3.33 50636.81 0.03 0.19 5.072400 180.18 744.48 3.48 49505.70 0.03 0.18 5.29

1/a[I] 1/a[II] 1/a[III] 1/a[IV] 1/a[V] 1/a[VI]1000 5.16064 13.01819 -2089.87971 -19.41215 -11.71024 -9.226101100 5.00844 12.39341 488.00474 -20.03976 -11.84152 -9.256701200 4.88958 11.92212 242.40629 -20.58072 -11.94584 -9.273481300 4.79994 11.57616 173.91489 -21.01757 -12.02169 -9.276301400 4.73663 11.33679 144.44479 -21.29189 -12.06796 -9.265131500 4.69769 11.19202 130.81009 -21.52181 -12.08395 -9.240061590 4.68250 11.13679 126.45300 -21.57191 -12.07224 -9.205811600 4.68195 11.13492 126.34609 -21.57047 -12.06941 -9.201331700 4.68895 11.16285 126.34609 -21.47924 -12.02458 -9.149281800 4.71890 11.27710 140.83656 -21.25165 -11.95012 -9.084361900 4.77268 11.48305 166.22363 -20.89626 -11.84712 -9.007132000 4.85193 11.79085 223.21215 -20.42590 -11.71709 -8.918232100 4.95918 12.21667 401.19039 -19.85657 -11.56183 -8.818402200 5.09802 12.78506 18653.35364 -19.20619 -11.38345 -8.708422300 5.27347 13.53282 -352.50060 -18.49329 -11.18425 -8.589122400 5.49246 14.51597 -161.84187 -17.73601 -10.96668 -8.46138

3. DEMARAJUL AUTOCISTERNEI

Performantele si calitatile dinamice ale autocamioane sunt puternic influentate de


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capacitatea de demarare a acestora.

3.1 Timpul si spatiul de demarare

Capacitatea de demarare a autocisternei este caracterizata de acceleratie, insa pentru a avea indici de apreciere mai usor de utilizat in compararea diferitelor tipuride autocisterne, este necesara determinarea timpului si spatiului. Studiul demarajuluiautocamionului presupune determinarea acceleratiei, a timpului si spatiului de demaraj, indici cucare se poate aprecia si compara capacitatea de demarare pentru diferite tipuri de autoccisterne.

tabel 4Treapta n v 1/a Td Sd

[rot/min] [m/s] [s2/m] [s] [m]- 0 0 0 0

I 1000 1.44882 5.16064 3.73842 2.708151100 1.59370 5.00844 4.47508 3.828801200 1.73858 4.88958 5.19210 5.023461300 1.88347 4.79994 5.89402 6.29465

1400 2.02835 4.73663 6.58486 7.645871500 2.17323 4.69769 7.26829 9.081611589 2.31811 4.68195 7.94776 10.607481700 2.46299 4.68895 8.62659 12.230271800 2.60788 4.71890 9.30811 13.958211900 2.75276 4.77268 9.99569 15.801142000 2.89764 4.85193 10.69290 17.770912100 3.04252 4.95918 11.40363 19.881832200 3.18740 5.09802 12.13218 22.151242300 3.33229 5.27347 12.88350 24.600432320 3.47717 5.49246 13.66340 27.25576

II 1505 2.42400 12.39341 4.24496 -0.534121600 3.52581 11.13492 17.20691 38.026441700 3.74618 11.16285 19.66371 46.959371800 3.96654 11.27710 22.13618 56.49410

1900 4.18690 11.48305 24.64394 66.717502000 4.40727 11.79085 27.20829 77.736762100 4.62763 12.21667 29.85348 89.686262200 4.84799 12.78506 32.60821 102.737662300 5.06836 13.53282 35.50796 117.115112320 5.28872 14.51597 38.59842 133.11918

III 1505 3.68686 488.00474 -363.88489 -1673.141501600 5.36271 126.34609 150.89385 656.121381700 5.69788 126.34609 193.24117 890.314441800 6.03305 140.83656 238.01687 1152.944591900 6.36822 166.22363 289.47543 1472.020142000 6.70338 223.21215 354.73888 1898.568952100 7.03855 401.19039 459.37913 2617.548942200 7.37372 18653.35364 3652.62755 25628.539002300 7.70889 -352.50060 6719.56895 48757.287632320 8.04406 -161.84187 6633.37306 48078.36773

IV 1505 5.60766 -20.03976 6854.94137 49590.762181600 8.15660 -21.57047 6801.91045 49225.796601700 8.66638 -21.47924 6790.93735 49133.496491800 9.17617 -21.25165 6780.04552 49036.327401900 9.68596 -20.89626 6769.30228 48935.00725

2)()( 1111 += iiiiiiiid

vvt t vt t S S

2

11 1

11

++= ii

iiid

vvaa

t t


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2000 10.19575 -20.42590 6758.76953 48830.302692100 10.70553 -19.85657 6748.50178 48722.998162200 11.21532 -19.20619 6738.54493 48613.866842300 11.72511 -18.49329 6728.93558 48503.645452320 12.23490 -17.73601 6719.70096 48393.01470

V 1505 8.52917 -11.84152 6774.50411 48961.982761600 12.40606 -12.06941 6728.15403 48476.808051700 13.18144 -12.02458 6718.81305 48357.301821800 13.95682 -11.95012 6709.51831 48231.180381900 14.73220 -11.84712 6700.29238 48098.838872000 15.50758 -11.71709 6691.15678 47960.709752100 16.28295 -11.56183 6682.13180 47817.255162200 17.05833 -11.38345 6673.23615 47668.959092300 17.83371 -11.18425 6664.48689 47516.319322320 18.60909 -10.96668 6655.89921 47359.83974

VI 1505 12.97273 -9.25670 6712.89230 48259.812511600 18.86943 -9.20133 6658.47161 47393.376321700 20.04877 -9.14928 6647.65081 47182.813361800 21.22811 -9.08436 6636.89899 46960.912571900 22.40745 -9.00713 6626.23099 46728.160532000 23.58679 -8.91823 6615.66095 46485.080042100 24.76613 -8.81840 6605.20219 46232.224342200 25.94547 -8.70842 6594.86716 45970.171262300 27.12480 -8.58912 6584.66732 45699.51718

0.9*Vmax 2320 28.65795 -8.46138 6571.59690 45334.96532

4. BILANTUL DE PUTERE

Acesta reprezinta echilibrul dintre puterea la roata Pr si suma puterilor necesareinvingerii rezistentelor la inaintare si se determina cu relatia:

Pe = puterea efectiva a motoruluiPr = puterea consumata pentru invingerea rezistentelor la rularePp = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la urcarea panteiPa = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei aeruluiPd = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la demarare

)sincos( 2 aaaaaad a pr tr R aGvS k G f Gv P P P P Pe P +++=+++== a a

3

sin

cosPr

a

a

vGa Pp

v f Ga

=

=

=

a

a


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Panta Coeficient Ga 148000 S 2.9

12 0.227474643 K 0.6510 0.193344333 tr 0.92

5 0.107079637 f 0.0150 0.02

tabel 5PRi = Petr Pa = kSva Pr = fGavacosa Pp=Ga

0 5 10 12Pr Pa va P R Pr+Pa+Pp Pr+Pa+Pp Pr+Pa+Pp Pr+Pa+

5650.397291 18.24712237 1.449 71.48953412 7.559409027 30.27047422 54.641768 64.284456215.437021 24.28691987 1.594 79.99391353 8.321251049 33.30173673 60.11016 70.71711

6780.47675 31.53102745 1.739 88.48532236 9.084779105 36.33420355 65.579756 77.150987345.516479 40.08892784 1.883 96.89890769 9.850146471 39.36798416 71.050666 83.586167910.556208 50.07010378 2.028 105.1698166 10.61750642 42.40318804 76.522999 90.022768475.595937 61.58403799 2.173 113.2331962 11.38701224 45.43992469 81.996865 96.460898984.131693 73.34757459 2.304 120.2591992 12.08152886 48.17438866 86.924745 102.25669040.635666 74.74021322 2.318 121.0241935 12.15881719 48.47830357 87.472373 102.90079605.675396 89.64811219 2.463 128.4779556 12.93307455 51.51843418 92.949633 109.3422

10170.71512 106.4172176 2.608 135.5296296 13.7099376 54.560426 98.428754 115.785610735.75485 125.1570123 2.753 142.1143626 14.48955962 57.6043885 103.90985 122.230911300.79458 145.9769789 2.898 148.1673017 15.27209388 60.65043118 109.39302 128.678411865.83431 168.9866002 3.043 153.623594 16.05769366 63.69866351 114.87838 135.12812430.87404 194.295359 3.187 158.4183864 16.84651222 66.74919498 120.36604 141.579912995.91377 222.0127378 3.332 162.4868262 17.63870286 69.80213506 125.85611 148.0343

a


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13560.9535 252.2482196 3.477 165.7640604 18.43441884 72.85759326 131.3487 154.49118594.168534 64.20502618 2.204 71.48953412 11.54877841 46.07738335 83.145751 97.812139453.585387 85.45688985 2.424 79.99391353 12.72442016 50.69995305 91.475158 107.608210313.00224 110.9462852 2.644 88.48532236 13.90599445 55.32676028 99.808802 117.408511172.41909 141.0584425 2.865 96.89890769 15.09404061 59.95819027 108.14707 127.213412031.83595 176.1785919 3.085 105.1698166 16.28909796 64.59462825 116.49034 137.0233

12891.2528 216.6919634 3.305 113.2331962 17.49170582 69.23645946 124.83901 146.838613664.72797 258.0835954 3.504 120.2591992 18.58095432 73.41903714 132.35774 155.6773

13750.66965 262.9837873 3.526 121.0241935 18.70240351 73.88406911 133.19346 156.659714610.08651 315.4392936 3.746 128.4779556 19.92173035 78.53784245 141.55407 166.486915469.50336 374.4437127 3.967 135.5296296 21.15022568 83.1981647 149.92123 176.320716328.92021 440.3822746 4.187 142.1143626 22.3884288 87.8654211 158.29532 186.161417188.33707 513.6402095 4.407 148.1673017 23.63687905 92.53999687 166.67673 196.009518047.75392 594.6027475 4.628 153.623594 24.89611574 97.22227724 175.06585 205.865218907.17077 683.6551188 4.848 158.4183864 26.1666782 101.9126474 183.46306 215.729119766.58763 781.1825536 5.068 162.4868262 27.44910574 106.6114927 191.86874 225.601420626.00448 887.570282 5.289 165.7640604 28.7439377 111.3191983 200.28328 235.482613071.59992 225.9142732 3.352 71.48953412 17.74507988 70.21126024 126.59169 148.89914378.75991 300.6918976 3.687 79.99391353 19.59264854 77.28457247 139.30304 163.8411

15685.9199 390.3798641 4.022 88.48532236 21.46109168 84.37279503 152.0293 178.798116993.0799 496.3336582 4.357 96.89890769 23.35230698 91.47728342 164.77184 193.7714

18300.23989 619.9087656 4.692 105.1698166 25.26819212 98.59939313 177.53199 208.7623

19607.39988 762.460672 5.028 113.2331962 27.21064478 105.7404796 190.31112 223.772120783.84387 908.1028597 5.329 120.2591992 28.98313583 112.184803 201.82968 237.298320914.55987 925.344863 5.363 121.0241935 29.18156264 112.9018984 203.11058 238.802322221.71986 1109.916824 5.698 128.4779556 31.18284337 120.085005 215.93173 253.854223528.87986 1317.532041 6.033 135.5296296 33.21638467 127.2911548 228.77592 268.929124836.03985 1549.546 6.368 142.1143626 35.2840842 134.5217033 241.64451 284.028526143.19984 1807.314185 6.703 148.1673017 37.38783965 141.7780061 254.53886 299.153527450.35983 2092.192084 7.039 153.623594 39.52954869 149.0614186 267.46031 314.305728757.51982 2405.535181 7.374 158.4183864 41.71110902 156.3732963 280.41023 329.486430064.67982 2748.698962 7.709 162.4868262 43.9344183 163.7149947 293.38997 344.696931371.83981 3123.038913 8.044 165.7640604 46.20137422 171.0878692 306.40089 359.938519881.70511 794.9106458 5.098 71.48953412 27.62181505 107.2415598 192.99533 226.924521869.87562 1058.02607 5.608 79.99391353 30.64107066 118.1493402 212.47849 249.800523858.04613 1373.605596 6.117 88.48532236 33.73377601 129.1095846 232.01411 272.729125846.21665 1746.418689 6.627 96.89890769 36.90660836 140.1270626 251.60696 295.714827834.38716 2181.234812 7.137 105.1698166 40.16624495 151.2065436 271.26182 318.762629822.55767 2682.82343 7.647 113.2331962 43.51936303 162.3527972 290.98345 341.8771


14/99

31611.91113 3195.28563 8.106 120.2591992 46.62261472 172.4454578 308.79395 362.741331810.72818 3255.954005 8.157 121.0241935 46.97263985 173.5705927 310.77663 365.063233798.89869 3905.396003 8.666 128.4779556 50.53275266 184.8646996 330.64611 388.3256

35787.0692 4635.918886 9.176 135.5296296 54.20637871 196.2398874 350.59667 411.669137775.23971 5452.29212 9.686 142.1143626 58.00019525 207.7009255 370.63309 435.098439763.41022 6359.285166 10.196 148.1673017 61.92087953 219.2525835 390.76012 458.618441751.58074 7361.667491 10.706 153.623594 65.9751088 230.8996307 410.98255 482.233743739.75125 8464.208557 11.215 158.4183864 70.16956031 242.6468367 431.30513 505.9492

45727.92176 9671.677828 11.725 162.4868262 74.5109113 254.4989709 451.73264 529.769647716.09227 10988.84477 12.235 165.7640604 79.00583903 266.4608028 472.26985 553.699730239.77176 2797.003155 7.754 71.48953412 44.2355001 164.7007412 295.13092 346.736633263.74894 3722.811199 8.529 79.99391353 49.56360093 181.816923 325.29012 382.056436287.72612 4833.221452 9.305 88.48532236 55.15014485 199.1177071 355.63393 417.560739311.70329 6145.015931 10.080 96.89890769 61.01862669 216.6198754 386.17911 453.266542335.68047 7674.976657 10.855 105.1698166 67.19254128 234.3402099 416.94247 489.190445359.65764 9439.885648 11.631 113.2331962 73.69538343 252.2954927 447.94077 525.3493

48081.2371 11243.05484 12.329 120.2591992 79.84859292 268.6699983 476.05399 558.10748383.63482 11456.52492 12.406 121.0241935 80.55064799 270.5025058 479.1908 561.7599

51407.612 13741.6765 13.181 128.4779556 87.78182976 288.9780311 510.70934 598.43954431.58917 16312.1224 13.957 135.5296296 95.41242359 307.7388508 542.51318 635.403457455.56635 19184.64464 14.732 142.1143626 103.4659243 326.8017469 574.6191 672.669960479.54353 22376.02524 15.508 148.1673017 111.9658267 346.1835013 607.04387 710.2552

63503.5207 25903.04622 16.283 153.623594 120.9356256 365.9008961 639.80428 748.176266527.49788 29782.48959 17.058 158.4183864 130.3988159 385.9707132 672.91712 786.449669551.47506 34031.13738 17.834 162.4868262 140.3788924 406.4097348 706.39916 825.092272575.45223 38665.77161 18.609 165.7640604 150.8993499 427.2347429 740.26718 864.120845994.23395 9841.642818 11.793 71.48953412 75.10394522 256.0947714 454.4771 532.968650593.65735 13099.22659 12.973 79.99391353 85.79712702 283.977668 502.19823 588.538855193.08074 17006.35879 14.152 88.48532236 97.39967663 312.5101131 550.56891 644.758759792.50414 21622.08927 15.331 96.89890769 109.9942638 341.7511564 599.64819 701.687164391.92753 27005.46789 16.511 105.1698166 123.6635584 371.7598479 649.49511 759.383268991.35093 33215.54451 17.690 113.2331962 138.4902302 402.5952374 700.16873 817.905973130.83198 39560.24496 18.751 120.2591992 152.8921189 431.1027194 746.53062 871.33273590.77432 40311.36898 18.869 121.0241935 154.556949 434.3163747 751.7281 877.314478190.19772 48351.99116 20.049 128.4779556 171.9463846 466.9823098 804.23227 937.667882789.62111 57396.46091 21.228 135.5296296 190.7412068 500.6520924 857.74029 999.024987389.04451 67503.82809 22.407 142.1143626 211.0240853 535.3847724 912.3112 1061.44591988.46791 78733.14254 23.587 148.1673017 232.8776901 571.2393997 968.00406 1124.987


15/99

96587.8913 91143.45414 24.766 153.623594 256.3846909 608.2750242 1024.8779 1189.71101187.3147 104793.8127 25.945 158.4183864 281.6277574 646.5506956 1082.9918 1255.673105786.7381 119743.2682 27.125 162.4868262 308.6895596 686.1254639 1142.4048 1322.935110386.1615 136050.8703 28.304 165.7640604 337.6527671 727.0583789 1203.176 1391.555

5. FRANAREA AUTOCISTERNEI

Franarea este procesul prin care se reduce partial sau total viteza autocisternei. De capacitatea de franare a autocisternei depinde in mare masura posibilitatea utilizarii integrale a vitezei si acceleratiei acestuia, elemente ce determina viteza medie de exploatare.

Forta de franare si repartitia ei pe punti

Forta de franare tangentiala care actioneaza asupra rotii in timpul franarii se realizeaza la rotile autocisternei ca urmare a actiuniimomentelor de franare Mf, de rezistenta la rulare Mrul si de inertie a rotii M.

Suprafata pe care se franeaza este:asfalt uscat: =0.8

pamant batatorit: =0.6asfalt umed: =0.4

zapada batatorita: =0.2

Spatiul minim de franare este:

Spatiul de oprire al autocamionului este:

unde: t0 timpul de reactie al conducatorului auto

t0 = (0.451)s

t1 timpul din momentul inceperii cursei active a pedalei de frana la atingerea valorii nominale a fortei pe pedala de frana t1= (0.20.5)s

t1 intarzierea din momentul inceperii dezvoltarii fortei de franare pana la atingerea valorii maxime t1= (0.11)s

=0viteza spatiul minim de franare(sf min)[m] spatiul minim de franare(sfmin)[m]+Fa

[m/s] =0,2 =0,4 =0,6 =0,8 =0,2 =0,4 =0,60 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 5.79186359 3.033833309 2.055177403 1.553914622 5.781761496 3.0310585 2.053904

10 23.16745436 12.13533324 8.220709612 6.215658487 23.0069391 12.091097 8.20037815 52.12677231 27.30449978 18.49659663 13.9852316 51.32340619 27.081905 18.3940920 92.66981744 48.54133295 32.88283845 24.86263395 90.17044919 47.843701 32.56071

20.342 95.86622278 50.2156405 34.01704679 25.72020611 93.19474607 49.469543 33.67247.

viteza spatiul de oprire(s o)[m]

[m/s] =0,2 =0,4 =0,6 =0,80 0 0 0 05 7.703178575 4.034998301 2.733385946 2.066706447

10 30.8127143 16.1399932 10.93354378 8.26682578815 69.32860717 36.31498471 24.60047351 18.6003580220 123.2508572 64.55997282 43.73417513 33.06730315

20.34 127.5020763 66.78680187 45.24267223 34.20787413=0

viteza deceleratia maxima[m/s2] Fa0 Fa0 Fa0[m/s] =0,2 =0,4 =0,6 =0,8 =0,2 =0,4 =0,6

0 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.2 4.2 6.2

a a

sin)(cos1

2

)(22

min

2

min

++=

+=

f g v

Sf

f g vSf

)2

(2

'1'

10

2

min

t t t v

g v

SsSf S opr +++=+=


16/99

5 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.207692308 4.2076923 6.20769210 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.230769231 4.2307692 6.23076915 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.269230769 4.2692308 6.26923120 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.323076923 4.3230769 6.323077

20.342 2.2 4.2 6.2 8.2 2.327322143 4.3273221 6.327322

6. CALCULUL STABILITATII AUTOCISTERNEI

Stabilitatea autocisterneieste proprietatea acesteia de a se opune alunecarii, patinarii si rasturnarii.

6.1 Stabilitatea transversala

- stabilitatea de derapare:Viteza limita de deplasare (pentru viraj cu raza constanta si viteza constanta), fara aparitia deraparii este:

Unde: unghiul de inclinare transversala al virajului y coeficientul stabilitatii transversale a autocamionului

Conditia producerii deraparii inaintea resturnarii este: Vd


17/99

100 71.31 101.34150 87.34 124.11200 100.85 143.31250 112.76 160.22300 123.52 175.52350 133.41 189.58400 142.63 202.67

R =0,2[m] vcd [km/h] v cr [km/h]

50 35.66 71.65100 50.43 101.34150 61.76 124.11200 71.31 143.31250 79.73 160.22300 87.34 175.52350 94.34 189.58400 100.85 202.67


18/99


19/99


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2,000


21/99


22/99


23/99


24/99


25/99

Fr

[N]

33689.4334270.1034748.9135125.8435400.8935574.0835642.8435645.3935614.83


26/99

35482.3935248.0934911.9034473.8533933.9233292.1232548.45


27/99


28/99


29/99

sina

Treapta I


30/99


31/99

Treapta V

Treapta VI


32/99

=0,80

1.553186226.2040259313.926524724.677893825.5225693


33/99

8.207692318.230769238.269230778.323076928.32732214

m/s2

mm


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2,500 3,000


38/99


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Treapta IID a

- [m/s2]

0.02 0.080.02 0.080.02 0.080.02 0.090.02 0.090.02 0.090.02 0.090.02 0.090.02 0.09


43/99

0.02 0.090.02 0.090.02 0.080.02 0.080.02 0.080.02 0.070.02 0.07


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3,500

momentul efectiv

consum specific

consum orar

puterea maxima


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Treapta III Treapta IV Treapta VViteza III Fr D a Viteza IV Fr D a Viteza V Fr D a

[m/s] [N] - [m/s2] [m/s] [N] - [m/s2] [m/s] [N] - [m/s2]

3.35 22149.75 0.01 0.00 5.10 14562.77 0.01 -0.05 7.75 9574.56 0.01 -0.093.69 22531.52 0.02 0.00 5.61 14813.77 0.01 -0.05 8.53 9739.59 0.01 -0.084.02 22846.32 0.02 0.00 6.12 15020.74 0.01 -0.05 9.30 9875.67 0.01 -0.084.36 23094.14 0.02 0.01 6.63 15183.68 0.01 -0.05 10.08 9982.79 0.01 -0.084.69 23274.98 0.02 0.01 7.14 15302.57 0.01 -0.05 10.86 10060.96 0.01 -0.085.03 23388.85 0.02 0.01 7.65 15377.44 0.01 -0.05 11.63 10110.18 0.01 -0.085.33 23434.06 0.02 0.01 8.11 15407.16 0.01 -0.05 12.33 10129.73 0.01 -0.085.36 23435.73 0.02 0.01 8.16 15408.26 0.01 -0.05 12.41 10130.45 0.01 -0.085.70 23415.64 0.02 0.01 8.67 15395.05 0.01 -0.05 13.18 10121.76 0.01 -0.08


60/99

6.03 23328.56 0.02 0.01 9.18 15337.80 0.01 -0.05 13.96 10084.13 0.01 -0.086.37 23174.51 0.02 0.01 9.69 15236.52 0.01 -0.05 14.73 10017.54 0.01 -0.086.70 22953.49 0.02 0.00 10.20 15091.20 0.01 -0.05 15.51 9921.99 0.01 -0.097.04 22665.48 0.02 0.00 10.71 14901.84 0.01 -0.05 16.28 9797.50 0.01 -0.097.37 22310.49 0.02 0.00 11.22 14668.45 0.01 -0.05 17.06 9644.05 0.01 -0.097.71 21888.53 0.01 0.00 11.73 14391.02 0.01 -0.05 17.83 9461.65 0.01 -0.098.04 21399.59 0.01 -0.01 12.23 14069.56 0.01 -0.06 18.61 9250.30 0.01 -0.09


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Treapta VIViteza V Fr D a

[m/s] [N] - [m/s2]

11.79 6294.98 0.00 -0.1112.97 6403.48 0.00 -0.1114.15 6492.94 0.00 -0.1115.33 6563.37 0.00 -0.1116.51 6614.77 0.00 -0.1117.69 6647.13 0.00 -0.1118.75 6659.98 0.00 -0.1118.87 6660.45 0.00 -0.1120.05 6654.74 0.00 -0.11


77/99

21.23 6630.00 0.00 -0.1122.41 6586.22 0.00 -0.1123.59 6523.40 0.00 -0.1124.77 6441.55 0.00 -0.1125.95 6340.66 0.00 -0.1127.12 6220.74 0.00 -0.1228.30 6081.78 0.00 -0.12


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1000.00

1 0 0 0

1 1 0 0

1 2 0 0

1 3 0 0

1 4 0 0

1 5 0 0

1 6 0 0

1 7 0 0

1 8 0 0

1 9 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 1 0 0

2 2 0 0

2 3 0 0

2 4 0 0

2 5 0 0

2 6 0 0

V [ m / s ]

P e [ k W

] , M e [ N

* m ]

Diagrama Fierastrau

Pe [kW]

Me [N*m]

Viteza I

Viteza II

Viteza III

Viteza IV

Viteza V

Viteza VI


87/99

0.00

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300.00

400.00

500.00

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700.00

800.00

900.00

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500

momentul efectiv

consum specific

consum orar

puterea maxima


88/99

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

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2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

a [ m / s 2 ]

Variatia acceleratiei in functie deviteza autocisternei

a I

a II

a III

a IV

a V

a VI

a I

a II

a III

a IV

a VI

a V


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0

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40000

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F [ N * m ]

Variatia fortei la roata in functiede viteza autocisternei

V I

V II

V III

V IV

V V

V VI

I

II

III

IV

V

VI


90/99


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0.00

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0.04

0.04

D

Caracteristica Dinamica

D I

D II

D III

D IV

D V

D VI

I

II

III

IV

V

VI


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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

T d [ s ]

Va [m/s]

Td

Td

0,9*Vmax


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5000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

S d [ m ]

Va [m/s]

Sd

S

0,9*Vmax


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0 5 10 15 20 25

Sf[m]

v[m/s]

Variatia Sf min in functie de viteza autovehiculului

Fi=0.2

Fi=0.4

Fi=0.6

Fi=0.8

Fi=0.2+Fa

Fi=0.4+Fa

Fi=0.6+Fa

Fi=0.8+Fa


95/99

0

50

100

150

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250

0 5 10 15 20 25

Bilantul de putere

PRIPRII

PRIII

PRIV

PRV

PRVI

a0

a5

a10

a12


96/99

0

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0 5 10 15 20 25

So[m]

v[m/s]

Variatia So in functie de viteza autovehiculului

Fi=0.2

Fi=0.4

Fi=0.6

Fi=0.8


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0 5 10 15 20

af[m/s2]

v[m/s]

Variatia deceleratiei maxime in functie de viteza autovehiculului

Fi=0,2

Fi=0,4

Fi=0,6

Fi=0,8

Fi=0,2;Fa0

Fi=0,4;Fa0

Fi=0,6;Fa0

Fi=0,8;Fa0


98/99

0.00

50.00

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250.00

0 100 200 300 400 500

Vcd[m/s]

R[m]

Viteza critica de derapare

Fi=0,2

Fi=0,4

Fi=0,6

Fi=0,8


99/99

100.00

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Vcr[m/s]

Viteza critica de rasturnare

Vcr

proiect dinamica autovehiculelor 2

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