creative rhetoric in euripides' troades. some notes on hecuba's speech

8/18/2019 Creative Rhetoric in Euripides' Troades. Some Notes on Hecuba's Speech

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Creative Rhetoric in Euripides' "Troades": Some Notes on Hecuba's SpeechAuthor(s): Ra'Anana MeridorSource: The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 1 (2000), pp. 16-29Published by: on behalf ofCambridge University Press Classical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1558932Accessed: 09-03-2016 11:26 UTC

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2/15

C c Q u r te r y 5 0 1 16 2 9 2 0 00 P r n te d n G r e t Br t n 1 6

CREATVERHETORC NEURPDES TROADES

SOMENOTESON HECUBASSPEECH

E u rpd e Trod e w w ork n ot muc h t u d e d unt t h e en d of WordW r Sn c e

h e n t he p y n dn p rt c u rt h e p rt p y edbyH e e n n d t h e d eb t e c onc e rn n g

h e rc c oun t b t y f orh e re op eme nt n d t c on eq u en ce h v e n o t c e e d t o t t rc t

c ho ry t t en t on 1The re ce nt n te re t n t h e rh et orc of t h g on h t h row n

dd t on gh t on t h e e nt re c en e t h e t h rdn d t e p od e of t h e py 2 Th e de b t e

occ onedbyMene u nnouncement8735 thtthemenwhoc pturedh

run w yw f e h n d e dhe rov ert oh mf ore x ec u t on or h ou dh e o c h oo e t o t k e

h e rb c k h ome n t h e f rt p e ec h 91465H e e n t re t op eru d e M e n e u t h t h e

c n n ot u t yb e p un h e dw t h d e t h forh vn g e rve d t he t o o of mot p owe rfu

g odd e H ec u b n h e rn w e rn gp e e ch 9691032 t rv e t od c red t H e e n n

ordertopreventherrent tementnd obgeMene u tocrryoutthede th

e n te nc e n t h pp e r w ou d k e t od rw f u rt he rt t e nt on t o ome of H e cu b

rgume nt A umn gg en er c q un t n c e w t h cu rre nt re dn g of t he g on 3 h

t r t w th e ct o n by e ct o n d c u o n of t he o d q u ee n p ee ch n d t m me d t e

e ff ec t w t h n e m ph o n g n f c nt m ot f C er t n f u rt he r m p c t o n w b e

pontedoutt theendofthepper

96982 Dependngonthered ngofthetextHecubdene thtthebeuty

contetbetweenthegoddee tookp ce4or thtv ctorynthecontetment o

muchtoHer ndAthen thttheytredtow novertheudgebytheoffer

me nt on edbyH e e n n 92531 5E t h e rw yH e e n yn g

A r t o t e R h 1 41 8b 12 2 2 = 3 1 7 1 5 u e t he b eg n n ng o f th p ee ch n

e xmp e of e con dp e k e ru c c e f uy un don g t h e mpre on e f t byh oppon en t

by c omb t n g t t h e v e ry ou t e t t he w e k e t n dmot e y re fu t ed of t he t te r

p e Whe t he rorn o t we c c ep t A rt o t e e v u t on of H e e n rgume nt H ec u b

c c omp h e rh et orc t ourd e f orc e w he n c ount n gu p on h e ru d e n ce p e t y 6h e

S e e th e re e vnt e ct on n t h e g row n gn umberof c ommen t re on t he p y GS c h

L e Tr o n e F r e nz e 1 9 53 K H L ee E u r p d e T r o de B n g to ke 1 9 7 6 S h r e y A B r o w

E u rpd e Tron Wome n Wrmn t e r1986 WB e h E u rpd e Trod e H e d e be rg 1989

p e c p p e r n ce D E b en er D e H e e n ze n e d erTro ern n en WZH e 3 1954 691722

n d nu me ro u t ud e o n re t e d u b e ct u ch A L e k y P y ch o og e b e E u r p de n

E n tre t en u r Ant q u t e C q u e V E u rpd e V n d o eu v re n dG en e ve 1960 12568T C

WSt n t on E u rpd e n d t he Judge men t of P r L ond on 1965 JD u c he mn LAFQONdn

t r g ed e g re cq ue 2 P r 1 96 8 t o m e nt o n on y f ew o f o ng t

2 See especially M Lloyd, The Helen scene in Euripides Troades, CQ 34 1984 , 303-13 M

L oydTh e Agon n E u rpd e Ox ford 199299112 n d t he re e vn t e c t on n N TC ro y

E u rpd e n P o e mc C mbrdge 1994

3F orre ce nt re dn g e e b e d e t h o e me n t on ed n t h e p re v oun o t e t h e comme n t re of

Le e n d B e h n d th e no te n d tr n t o n of B r o w n 1 T he c e ne h b ee n tr e te d o

of te n t h t t n o t po b e t on me t h e u t h orof e v eryn t e rp ret t on c c ep t ed orc h e n ge d

h e re m n d eb t ed t o

4Re a d ng wthHa rtung o 0 fo r theM SSs at n9 7 5 eg Lo y d n 2 1 9 92 1 0 6

5 S o e g S t nt on n 1 3 8

6 See D. B. King, 'The appeal to religion in Greek rhetoric', CJ 50 (1955), 363-71, at 363, 366,

367371f ort h e e xt e n v e u e m d e byGre e k rh e torc n of pp e t ore g on me n of p er

u o n n d Ar t R h 1 35 6 1 1 3 = 1 2 3 4 f o r t he m p or t n ce o f th e p e d er m or c h r c te r

n w n n n g h h e r er t ru t


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3/15

CREATVERHETORC NEURPDES TROADES17

n g e ou t t h p ec f c p e h er t rt n gp on t n dn t rodu c e t h e rgume n t w th t h e

d e c rt on 96970t h t f r t rt h e rt h n c ompyn gw t h t h e ch oru mmed t e y

p rec e dngre q ue t 9668t h t h e d ef e ndh e rc h d ren n dh erc oun t ry g n t t h e

ef fe c t of H e e n d n g erou rh e torc h e w t k e u p t h e godde e c u e n dp rov e

H e e n r7Th n nounc eme nt f u f t h e re q u reme nt of f orm proe mby

e c ond p e k er8 t h e od q u ee n t t e w h c h of t he f orme rp e k e r rgume nt w

b e n w e re d H e en v er o n of t he J u dg em en t of P r n d h e e cu re t he

g oo dw o f he r u d e nc e e e m ng y M en e u n f c t th e p e ct t o r w e b y

roun g t h e re t e e mforh e re f H e c ub e f e yv oun te ern g t o e rv e t he

g odd e e c h mpon n dp rov ok n g t h e rn g e rg n t h e roppon en t H e e n h

m gn edmmort f orh erp e ron b e ne f t M ore ove r n ce H e cu bb e gn h e r

pe e ch w t h n t t c k on H e en t h rd rgume n t h e gn ore t h e e r e rt t eme nt of

h e ropp one n t She t h en n w e rH e e n re mn n g rgume nt p rm f c e p on t by

p on t9 n dgv e t h e mpre on of p rovdn g c omp e t e reb u tt C on eq u en t y

H e e n f r t t w op ont t y un n w ere dn d t h e f c t t h t t he y re n o t re fu te d h rdy

n o t c edB o t h p on t 91920 920b 22 c onc ern Troy p red e t n e d f t t h e h n d

of H ec ub on P r p ref gu re d byh pregn n t mot he r d re mt h t h e gv e b rt h t o

f re brn dw h c h burn edTroy t o th e g roundTh d e t of oun dn yrc

t re t men t of t h e f of Troy t h t h v e c ome d ow n t ou 10n dp robbyw w e

k n ow n g en er yTh e u d e nc e of Trod e w p ec f c y re mn de d of t h d re mn

t rg e dyp rodu c ed byE u rpd e on t h e me o c c on 1 o t h t e v e ryb odypre e nt

c ou dund e rt n d t he f u me n n gof H e en t t e me n t Th e e t hou gh c u rt y

preented deervederou ttenton nthewordofGreektrgedywheredrem

re n t rod u ce d on t he umpt on t h t t h ey re g od e n t U u y t h e e ve nt f ore how n

n d re me merg e f c t b e fore t he p y ov er t hu p rovn g t h e dvn e orgn of

t he v on 12n Trod e t h p roof h re dyb ee n p rovd e d t h e proph et c d re m

u de d t obyH e en w re ze d b ef ore t h e b egn n n gof t he p y n d t h f c t

broughthomebythegodoftheprooguewhenhedrw ttentontothe mouderng

c t y d e t roye dby t he Gre ek 89 H ec u b c h o ce of t rt n gp ont ow h e rt o

d r e g r d th e pr ed c t on o f T ro y f n t e d h e f re e to r gu e n t he p r t o f

e n gh te ne d f f t h ce n tu rymyt h c rt c m13Sh e ob n d t o t he u on t o t h myth

Wt h 970vAEy ov c rv E vKc f S 0 T1158pAEyyw V yETroV SLKOV pr ph re dbyZ

8 Se e A r t R h A 1 44 0 5 7 1 43 6 3 3 8 1 4 42 7 1 4

A rt Rh A 1440810 Aft e rt he n t rodu c t on t h e b e t pn t op ut f orw rd one t

t me e c h of t he t t e men t m d e n t h e p rev ou p e ec h n dp rov e t h t t he y re n o t u t

R ck h m L CL t r n t o n u e d f or A r t R h A H ow ev er H e cu b d o e n ot r e y p u t

f orw rd e v e n t he t t e me nt h e d oe re fu te h e c hoo e gn f c n t d e t n dn t rod u ce t by

y ous a d o r theke s o a s t o mp re s s thehe a re r s tha twhat s he s r efutng s wha tHe ens a d n

f c t h e re t t e o r n te rpre t H e e n t t e me n t or t c ont ex t rt h erf re e y oro t he rw e e vd e

n w e rn g t or gn f c n t p rt of t t o e rve h e rown pu rp o e c ompre 97182w t h 92437

98397w t h 938509981009w t h 962101022 w t h 9518960

1 0 Se e P F r 5 2 A = P e 8 1 6 2 3 E A n dr 2 9 3 3 03 b o th e r e r th n T r o de

n A e xn d ro t he f rt of t he g roup of f ourp y of w h c h Trod e c on t t u t ed t h e t h rd

T h e o t p y d e t w t h t he r oy p r en t f u re t o do w y w t h t he f t ed n f n t T h e

h ypo t he of t he p yn d c t e t h t H e c ub d re mt h e re on f ort h e re ff ort w t odn t h e

p ro o gu e R A C o e H yp ot he o f A ex n d ro B C S Su pp 3 2 1 97 4 1 1 4 5 o n p 1 2

12 See A Pe 181-99 and 518-19, Cho 527-33 and 928-9, S E 417-23, E Hec 69-72 76 and

7 03 8 1 T 4 4 5 5

13 See W K C Guthre The Sophsts Cambrdge 1971 228-9 there was however no neces-

ry c on n ec t on b et we en u c h crt c m n d t he b e e f n dvn t on bydre m t h e P t on c

S o crt e u n re e rv edy c c ep t ed t h e t te rC r 446b 4 bu t wou dn o t t k e mmor e g en d

b out t h e g od t f c e v u e E u t hyph 5e66c 4




4/15

18R MERDOR

w he n He e n re fe r t o P r H ec ub c ou rg e 9 41 b ut h e d o e v h er e f o f

n o th ermyt h n ord ert o u pport h erow n c u e 1001b 4 H erun w n gne t ore py

n t h e g on t oH e en re fe ren c e t o t h e myt h con ne ct n gP r w t h t he f of Troy

c on t e nt w t h h e re re r e n ce t t h e e n gt hyme nt on of t h v e ry t h eme by

Andromc h e ort h e c horu 5 t 595600E vd e nt yw h t t h e q u ee n w h e t ogn ore

n o t myt h bu t th p rt c u r myth of Troydoome d t od e t ru c t on byme n of h er

on

983997Aphrod t e ne ve rc c ompn e dP r t oM en e u p c e H e e n n v e nt ed

t h n vov e me n t by t h e g odd e of ov e w he n t he gh t of t h e b e u t fu p rn ce n h

ore nt p e n dou rmde h er on g to e v e Gree c e n dh e rmod e t c rc umt n c e

b e h nd n d ow h erd e p rv ed t t e t o run ro t n g od t re mn gTroy

Th e common re dn g of 98861 318 vvL vv o3E 7To0L 767KTrpt y ourmn d

on e e ng h m w m d e C yp r t k e E T r ot L q w m d e t o m e n b e c me o r th e

ke 6 T h h ow ev er h r d y k e y r ot 0 h er e e em t o be t he e r e t o r t

p v e of 7rodw n e x t n t Gre e k non p ro e t e rt ure Th e f orm oe x tre me yrre

n t h e u rvv of c on t emporryA t t c p ro e n b o th t h e t t er n dn H e rodo t u t he

g en t of t he p v e c t o n e t he r ex p c t y t t ed o r e e e y n f er re d fr om t he

context17Accordngtothepreentevdencethe gent omttedonywhenmke

me n c on t ru c t n d t h e f c t t h t t h ere mk e rg o e w t h out yn g18E vd en t y

w he n ome th n gorome b ody& ro t O70q omeb odyd 7roduE /rot ro t /h m n n e

988t h omeb odyw h omk e c n on yb e H e e n n d e ed t h und e rt ood by t he

c ho t w ho p r p h r e 9 88 o v r d A q t K r r pt v 7r ot oL u y ou

c re t v e y f b r c t e Cy pr T h r tf u c cu t o n re c 9 81 b 2 t d t O E 7 r o Et

0E TTtOVKLKOVKOutoO 19whereHecub chrge heropponentwth ttrbutng

c ondu ct t oH e r n dA th en t h t t u rn t he rc on ve nt on n d t ru e m ge n t o

m mo r o ne H e en c re t e t w er e t he g od de e d f fe re nt c h r c te r n t he

t ory h e h n v en t ed t omk e h e rown b e h v ou rook g oodTh e f c t t h t t h e e re

t h e on y t w on t n ce of orod t w n t h e py t re e t h c onn e ct on F u rth ermore t h e

c cu t on n 988 u pp eme nt t h e on e n 9812 t he g odde e of t he Ju dg e me n t re

n rred u c b e g rou p of th ree o t h t H e c ub h t h re e g odd e e t od e fe nd g n t

w h t h e n t r e He e n f c t o n 9 2 4 S o f r H ec ub h e xp c t y f u f e d th

undertkngon yforHer ndAthen thergumentfromprobb tyconcernng

t he m 9 7 1 81 n w er n g 9 25 8 w n ot p p c b e t o A ph ro d te 9 2 9 3 1 O f

c oure f t w oof t he t h re e g odd e e w ho e g edyw e re rv n t h e b e u ty c om

p e t t on e t he rddn o t p rt c p t e n u c h c ont e t o rd d oon yf orf un b ov e

w t h n n 4 n d 5 n d c on e q ue n t yw ou dn o t h v e t re d t ob rb e t he u dg e t h e n e th e r

14 'were not yet among the stars' (Barlow's translation).

5M u rry t t rbu t on of th e p g e t oAndromc h e w d e y c c ep t edB e h Te ubne r

f o o w P t tr b ut o n to t he c ho ru E t he r w y t h T ro n v o c e

16L oydb e c me L t t more w e nt L ee w t u rn e dn t oB r ow t rn f ormed t e f n to

L e k y w rd zu P rme nt e re t d e ve nu

17E g H d t 1102r7rrot LOE vEKT70Ov 3pd 31152r ovv o/ ort EAAqV LKbV f 7rO

ro trd rrot E q v Ly 1376 t v 6Orv orro78t qOv t p rec ed e d byO4qv ov u rv

?1109E7r0L?7U TO

E g Th uc 2562 E vvv c v t rrryw yo EKr7v 7rA t C V E c wV rOLt rOE u L t rH d t 2125

py r m d 2 1 38 2 n ct u r y 2 1 5 9 t r r em e 7 3 7 1 d yk e

19 Do not try to make imp praes the goddesses out to be [Barlow] irrational while glossing

ov ery ou rown w ron gf org o n g ove r e e S te v en n ot e on Andr956




5/15


therew noJudgementore enobrbery OnethervewAphrodtewoudnothve

h d n y r v n d he r e ge d of fe r to P r c o p e S t H ec ub n t d ec r t o n

t h t h e w f g ht f or t h e go dd e e n d ex po e H e en e c re t e e x pe ct t o n t h t

h e w e x p c t y re f ut e t he e g t on m de g n t e c h of t he t h re e g odd e e Th e

n te rpre t t on Y ou y t h t C ypr c me t oM e ne u h ome w t h myon 9834

w h ch t he o d q u ee n g ve t o H e e n c m t h t P r r r ve d w th n o n g n f c nt

g od de o n h d e 9 4 0 20 o w h e r to f u f t h e x p ec t t on e e n 9 n b ot h

p g e TodLEWt n df ort h e p ow ert o c re t e n mge t h rou gh w ord n dn b o t h

H ec ub c cu e H e en o f h v n g b u e d th p ow er m p o u y b y m p c t o n n

orde rt o e c p e re p on b t y f orh e rmmor c ondu ct

L n e 9 9 1 99 2 r e p r m f c e r e t t em en t n p n p e ec h of 9 88 n d r e c on

n e ct e d b c k t omyon n 987by t he re t v e 0v f o ow n g t he e x pn t oryp re n th e

98990n f c t H e c ub p n n un ex p ec t edmot v e forH e e n b e h v ou rt t h e

g ht o f P r n m e y c r v n g fo r r c he n d f e of u x ur y 21 T h p re u d c

c c u t on n obv ou n t n c e of b c k en n g t he c h rc t e rof one oppon en t 22

eem ntendedtodeprveHeenofthe ympthyofthoe ncnedtocondone

r r t o n c o n du ct f t c u e d b y ov er wh e m ng p o n fo r o ve r 23 A t th e m e

t m e He cu b n n u t e t h t H e en r e c t on w c c u t ed o ne n d th u r e fu te h er

c mt h t h e mu t h v e b e en c o erc ed byAphrod te or rre t b e d e re w h en h e

d e e rte dh erh ome n d c oun try f orobv ouy t h e re w n ort on mot ve f oru c h

move 9468 H e cu bn ow upp e h erw t h p re c e y u ch mot ve Th mot ve w

re dyh n t ed t by t h e e e n gmn d n 988w h c h re c E p c h rmu f mou Th e

m n d e e n d th e m nd h e r t he r e t d e f n d b n d 2 4 F r f r om h v n g b ee n

m t te n byn ov e rpow ern gn f t u t on f orP r f orwh c h E u rpd e u e d f f ere nt

vo c b u ry 25H e e n e e n g t h e b e u t fu p rn ce n h umpt u ou p e n dou rg r p e d

t he p o t en t of t he t u t on n dm de u p t he t ory b out Aphrod t e To e n d

c red b t y t o t he e g t on t h t H e e n e ope d t o t he g od of TroyH e cu bd e c rb e

h er h v n g t t e n h e r Gr ee k hu b n d h om e 9 93 w h er e h e r e t e y w n d er t o

n d f ro6v EUTrp9q ov 26re dy t e e m t ov h e re f of n y opp ort un t y f orch n g e

Th p ort ry pu t H e e n n t rk c ont rt t o t he d e w f e Andromc h e of t he

p rev ou c e ne w h oe xp c t y n c u de dH ec t or w e t h mong t h e t rt of h er

h u bn d t h t n w e re d h e rex p ec t t on 673b 4 n d e e m p ec f c yn t e nd e d to

20 Both quotations are from Barlow's translation.

21 This seems to be the earliest reference to Helen's love of riches (see L. B. Ghali-Kahil, Les

e n hv em en t e t e r e to ur d H d ne P r 1 95 5 n 5 o n p 3 0 F r J o u n E u r p de e t e g en de d e

c h nt c yp r en P r 1 96 6 1 73 w h c h w t o be co me h er p ec t r d em r k

22 Arist. Rh. 1416b9-11 = 3.15.10: 'Since the same thing may have been done from several

m o t v e t h e c c u er m u t d p r g e t b y t k n g t n t he w or t e n e F r ee e L CL t r n t o n

u e d fo r Ar t R h

23 See J. de Romilly, 'L'excuse de l'invincible amour dans la tragedie grecque', Miscellanea

Trg c n h onoremJ C Kme rb ee k Amt e rdm1976 30921

24D-K23B 12vov6p?7LKaLvoVSaKOvEL -76AAaKwcOdKaLTrv/AdCf He 122avoryap

aaoU s lSd rL7aV KaL VO6g dp6 (These eyes saw her. When the eyes see, the brain sees too,

L t t mo re t r n t o n

25 Note the absence of voivs from the usual Euripidean expressions for overwhelming desire:

M ed 8 p wr L 9O vp do v EK 7r y E d o vo n d m r y b d 6 3 9 n d H 3 8 A 5 85 6

p wO E 7T 77 ro S n d m r y C yc 1 85 H 2 7 8 1 8 0 ot K p t v K T EU XE TO p w rL

SEtVcw H 765-6 SELVaL cpEvas A po&01 as- vodaw KaTEKAdacLO w th whch compare Tro 992

E e/ e pyOq S Opv w he re t he ov erw he mn gf c t or P r g od en p e n dou r

26 Cf. An. 1221, the only other use of this middle in extant Euripides, where it describes old

e e u n ow b er ef t of h g r n d on w e w n de r ng n h e mp ty p c e




6/15

20R MERD OR

t n t M en e u m em or e o f h f e w th H e en n d un de rm n e p r or n y tr u t h e

mgh t b e n c n e d t op c e n h e rn t h e f ut u re 27

Th H e e n obv ouyv e rydf fe ren t f romt h e He e n of Gree k t rd t on w h ono t

on ymrre d t he w e t h e t of h erp rn c e y u t or28b u t e e n g t h t P r re mov ed

g re t mn ypo e on f romMen e u p c e t og e th erw t h t h e w f e of h h o t 29

e o pe d w th r t he r th n t o r c h e n de ed t w f or H e e n n d t he p o e o n

t oge th e rw t h he rt h t t h e Tron Wr w w ge d 30B ut t h H e e n wh oc n b e

b e e v ed t oh v e t h row n h ere f t t h e g odg t t e rn gp rnc e S u ch c ondu ct o t h e r

t he b me f orh e re op emen t n d c on e qu e nt y t he re p on b t y f or t d t rou

ou tc ome w e Th p on t of ut mot mport n c e t o t he mot he rof t he mn w ho

c u e d t h e d e t ruc t on of Troyn d t h e d e t h of he rme n byb e tryn gh h ot Th e f

of t he c t ymy h v e b e en du e t o t he g od d e c on n dP r myh v e b ee n d oomed

t ob e n t rumen t n t h e mp e men t t on of t h t d e c on h e w n one t he e mor y

r e p on b e f h e fu f e d h r o e n n m m o r w y n d th e o d q ue en d oe h er

u t mot t op rov e th t t h w n ot th e c e S n ce H e e n ddn o t men t on t he

p o e on n h e rp e e ch n ort he d u e b e tw ee n h ert w oh ubn db rok en of f by

P r d pp e rn c e n org n t h e t ru ce o e mn y c on c u de db et w ee n t he Gree k n d

t he T ro n n d v o t e d by t he t te r 31 c on ne ct ed w t h th e p o e o n n d e c h of

whchhe coudhve puttogoodue Hecub neednotrefertothemetherTh

ow h e rt of h on t h e He e n of mod e t me n w ho e rve h erpu rpo e

9981001Th e mge of H e e n e g e rt ore c h g od en Troy n t h e u d e n ce mn d

w he n H ec u bn ow que t on h eropp on en t n d k w h c h Sp rt n h e rdh erc ry f or

h e pw he n h e c m Pr bduc te dh erbyf orce Th e ru e of t he g on g en re

d e b rH e e n fromn w e rn gH ec u b n d remn dn g t he u d e nc e t h t h e n e v er

m d e n y u c h c m T h u H e cu b n n u t o n t h t He e n e op ed f or t he k e of

Tron w e t h gn upport f romh er e ge dyn ot h vn g c e dh erf mou h ero

b rot h er t oh erre c u e w h e c c ordn g t oH e en h e re f 9468 h e f oow edP r

b ec u e of h erov e rp owe rn g ov e f orh m ot h t t h e v eryd e of n pp e f orh e p

b u rdH e c ub n trodu ct on of t he D o c u r o e x on e rt e M e ne u f rom

H e en r ep ro c h 9 4 2 4 t h t h e we nt b r o d f te r P r r r v n d e ft h er

defencee wththe trngerW th uchbrother hewoudh vebeenwe protected

h d h e on y o d e re dObv ouyH e c u bp ref e re n gh t en n gh e ru d e n ce b out

heropponentch rcterr therthn refutngher rgument Theunuu orderof

2 7 A r t R h A 1 4 45 1 3 18 w e h d c r ed t o ur d ve r r e b y h ow ng t h t ou r

h e re rt h eme v e h v e b e en or re b e n g orre g on g t ob e w rongf uy t re t ed by t h em

28H e F r1985b 6 200204412 20485b 7 Od 4 h ou dn ot b e q u ot ed t op rove

M en e u w e t h t t h e re evn t t me t h e rc h e d e c rb e d t he re re e x p c t y t t e d t oh v e b ee n

c qu re d f t e rt he Tron w r Od48190

29 11. 7.389-90, 13.620-7, 22.114-16.

30 'EAEvqv KaL KT)/LaO' lpC' avr t'l (and the like) II. 3 passim, 7.350-64, 389-93, 400-1,

2 2 11 4 C y pr H om er O p e r V A e n p 1 05 T he p o e o n e em t o b e e pe c y c on ne ct ed

w t h t he Gree k d e mn dn d t h e Tron re fu t ore tu rn wh t w un w f uy t k en f or

e xmp e n H e rod ot u re port of th e E gyp t n v e ron of t h e t ory of He e n bduc t on

211319 OvM e t 13200p re dmqu e He e n mque re p o c oL b D ec 312 n dD c t y

Cre te n E phe merd o B e Tron L b r2 e dWE e n hu t Te u bn er 1973 w h c h pu rport t ob e

t h e re p ort of Gree k e ye w t n e t o t he w r Th e po e on t e n d t ob e b e n t f romproTron

re port of H e e n bduc t on e g H e rod ot u c c ount of t h e P er n v e ron t h ere of 11 4 n d

t h e re e vn t p rt of D c t y Tron c ount e rp rt D re Ph rygu D e E xc d oTro e H t or e d

EMe terTeubner 1873

31 3 p m n d 4 11 57




7/15


peeche nth gonwherethedefenceprecedethe ccut onh oftenbeen

c omme nt ed u p on 32Wh t e ve re e E u rpd e h d n mn d by c hoon g t h orde rh e

gv e f ree re n t oH e cu b t ob e c re t v e n h e rp e dn g u t e dh erpu rpo e

w t h ou t n y one b e n gb e t op rot e t g n t h e rrrorut

10021022 U p t o t h p on t H e c ub h p re e nt edh e rv er on of t he b e h v ou rof

M en e u w f e n G re ec e d e cr b ed f b y n e y ew t ne t ho ug h ob v ou y h e

w n ev er t he re h e no w c r r e o u t he r or g n n te nt o n 9 0 7b 9 t o d c o e t o

h mH e e n c ondu ct n Troyn h e r rgume nt w h c h n ot corrob ort e d byw t

n e e H e cu b f u rt he rd ev e oph e re r e rp c t ure Th e f c k e y oun gw omn w h o

re pe t e dy c h n ge h e rd ec re d e n t men t t ow rd h ert w oh ubn d c c ordn g t o

t h e ch n gn gf ort une of t he w r 10029 n e x te n on of t h e c c u t n g oppor

t u n t of 98897Th p ort ry n t rod uc e H e c ub re py 101022 t oH e e n

c m 9 5 1 60 o r 9 51 8 e e n 38 t h t h e t y ed n T r oy g n t h er w S t

H ec u bd o e n o t re y n w e rt h rgume nt e e n 9 H e e n p ok e ex p c t y of t he

h ort p erod c o e t o t h e e nd of t h e w r f te rt he g od rrn g ed un on 953 h d

c ome t o n e n dw t h t he d e t h of P r n d c c ordn g t oh er n e of d ef en c e t w

on y t h en t h t h e w re p on b e f orw h t h e ddTh e od q u ee n re fe rrng t o t h e

o ng y e r o f t h e w r 1 0 20 u me P r v e S h e be g n 1 0 1 0 11 w t h w h t

p p e rt ob e f orm re fu t t on of H e e n t t e men t 9538 c ompre e p 1010

w t h 958t h t h e rep e t edy t re d t o e c p e t o t h e Gree k n e f t erP r d e t h but

w nterceptedbythewtchmenonthermprt However nted ofcontnung

mgh t b e ex p ec t ed n ddp rovn gH e en t t e me n t H e cu b t k e h e rt o t k

101214 f orn ot h vn g c ommt te d u c d e n ob e mn de dw omn n h e r

c r cu m t n ce h ou d h e g ve n o u c h d v c e n t he f r t e p o d e to A po o v r g n

prete C ndron herwy tobecometheconcubneoftheconquerorofher

countrynor nthe econdtoHector wdowAndromchewhomthe onofthemn

w hok e dh erh u bn d c h o e h p rze Th e qu e en t h en p rre H e e n t oryw t h

n rrt v e of h e rown 101519 n dh erw ordh t ob e t k e n g n t t h t of

w omn w h o n ot nob e mn d e d 1013 w hore f u ed t o c t n c cordn ce w t h

n t eg rt y rTpEE rTL 1009 n dw ho re dy t n d c c u ed of y n g970w t h n 7 f r

f romh vn g t re d t o e c p e f romTroyH e e n p er t e nt y re e c te dH ec u b of fe rt o

conductherecretytotheGreek de1017echong954 ndput nendtothewr

T h u gg e t o n n co mp t b e w t h t he p re e nc e of t he p o e o n n T r oy n d

wththercont tutngtogetherwth Heentheobectforwhchboth de were

f g ht n g A t h er e r e n o po e o n H e en n t en ce u po n t y n g n T r o y de p t e

H ec u b e n tre t e c n b e t trb u te d t o b e mot v e C e ry t h e youngw omn

re fu e d b e c u e h e w ou dh v e h d t ogv e u ph e rw n t on f e t y e /pdt E 1020 n

P r r c h p c e n d t he g od k e d or t o n 1 0 21 h e en o ye d m em be r o f th e

Tron roy f m y33H e cu b rgumen t h ere re c h e rc on t en t on 996b 7t h t

H e e n e f t Gre ec e f orTroyb ec u e M en e u p c e d dn o t t f yh e rw n t on t t e

EyKOvftpEv997 Heen determnedreectonofHecub repetedpropo

3 2 S ee e g L o y d n 2 1 99 2 3 04 C r o y n 2 1 37 8 B e h n 1 n n ot e o n 8 95 9 1 8 n d

906comparesAttccourtprocedure ncasesof K7 aVC8LtKoSduetocondemnatonn absenta

Heen snowg ventheopportunty hrenRechtsanspruchnachtraegch getendzumachen

However suchcaseswereretred nthenorma order A R WHarrson TheLawofAthens

Oxford, 1971, vo , 191-2 and 197-9 as were cases decded by an umpre J H L psus, Das

A tt c h e Re c ht un dRec h t v erf h ren L e p zg 1915 v o 229n 39

33 For the Greek atttude to the orenta fash on of prostratng onesef before morta super ors

e e Hd t 7 1 36 X e n A n 3 2 1 3 o c P n eg 1 5 1




8/15

22R MERD OR

ore v e w omn u tt ery n df fe ren t t o t he p rc e t h e Gre ek n d t he Tron w ere

p y n g f or h er f e of p e u re T h p ec t h ow ev er n ot t r e e d W h en t he o d

qu e en p e k 10023 of t he d e dy t rugg e t h t e n u e dw t h th e rrv of t he

Gree k n H e e n w k e h e d oe on o t n ord ert ob me h er dv er ry f ort h e o

of f e t h t re u t e d f romh ere op e me nt bu t to mpre on h er u d e nc e H e e n

d ef c e nc y w f e n d e xp o e h er c k of o y t y to n d o ve f or e t h er h u b n d

A t t he me t me t he Tron qu ee n e nd e v our t ordTroy of H e en d e t ruc t v e

p re e nc e p re v en t t he u d e nc e f romc n g t omn d t he Tron t rd t on re fu t o

re tu rn t he w omn n d t he p o e on t he yw ere h odn gun w f uy n d t he reby

v od t h e mut u b oodh ed

1022b 1032Th e od q u e e n be gn h e rp e e ch t h e e f pp ont ed c h mpon of t he

g od de e h e co nc u de t d ef en de r of M en e u n te re t S w tc h ng n m d n e

t o t he h e re n dn ow 1022b 8 n dv eh e me n t yu pb rdn gH e e n f orh erb rze n n d

bymp c t on un rep en t n t d e me n ou rn f ront of t h e hu bn d h e h b e try e d h e

e x pe rt y u e t h e pe rort on t o n grt t e h e re f f u rth erw t h t h e u dge n dh ubn d

n d to r o u e h e mo t on g n t h er d ve r r y 34 o t o m k e h m d o pt t he v er d ct

h e g o ng t o p ro po e T h h e do e w h en h e n o w t o n g t d dr e e M en e u

f orth e f rt t me n h e rp e e ch n d e xh ort h mt opun h H e e n w t h d e t h H e re th e

od q u ee n of Troyp re e nt h erh e rt d e re n h onou rb e c t f ort h e g re t e r

goryofGreece102932 ndch engetheGreekkngtoprovehme fworthyof

h t t u n d do h d ut y by h c ou nt ry 3 5

H e cu b n t rod uc t on of Gre ek n t e re t c ou nt e rH e e n c m92537 t h t h e r

u n on w t h P r v e dGre ec e f rombrb r n c onqu e t n d e x pu on 926or

d omn t on 928 f orw h ch h e ough t toh v e b e e n pu b c y h onou re d 937 S e e ng

t h t f romh e rf rt rt c u t on on t g e t h e od q u ee n reg rd H e e n p e ron y t he

p e rp e trt orof e v ery t ro c t y n u ry oro t he r t h t h e rf my uff e re dn t h e w k e of

t h e w r36h e rw n t n gHe e n b ood 890dd n o t come u rpr e w h en t h e un

e x pe ct e d po b t y of h ere x ec u t on byM e ne u ro e t t h e b egn n n gof t he c e ne

8734 n dh erd e mn d t h t H e e n be e x ec u te dw pred c t b e n c e h e u rge d

M en e u t oh od t h e g on e xp c t y f ort h pu rp o e 90610 H e e n pun h me nt by

d e t h w ou d ob e t h e mot t rk n gp roof of h e rgu t n d c on e q ue nt y of P r

n on gu t n df ort h re on t ooH e e n mu t d e n d ee d t h p rop ec t md e H e cu b

h o n c e he rp roph et c d re mh c ome t rue k now on y t oow e t h t t h e g od w

n o t he ph e r46937 u dde n yb e e v e n dv n e u t c e 888 w h c h h e obv ou y

e q u te w t h re ve n ge on t h e womn w h om h e bme f orh erp gh t n c d e nt y

H e cu b rgume nt f u f t he c h oru p rm f c e un h ee d ed re q ue t t h t h e d ef e nd

34F ort he e f un ct on of t h e p e rort on e e A rt Rh 1419b 246=3193 n c ombn t on w t h

1 37 7b 30 7 8 3 = 2 1 4 e e o 1 4 08 1 6 2 4 = 3 7 3 4 f o r th e pe r u v en e o f t y e e xp re n g

e mot on F or c p t v e ru e r p rm f c e d n te re t ed dv c e t o th e c on que ror e e H dt

188289

3 5WhentheTr o a nWar a nd t s e ffe ct s a r e a t s s ueM ene a us co untry s no ths s p e cfc

k n gdombu t Gre e ce c f 926933 93510301034 g n t 944 994999

361347Th e u ght e re rof P rm c f 4989 1213b 15Not e t h t H e en w of od

c on d e re d t he gu t y c u e of t h e w rw ge d f orn db e c u e of h e rOd 438bA c 4223

4215162831214 S e mon 711718 n d t he n t rume nt ort h e p erp et rt orof t he h v o c

w rou ght n t c oure n Od 146877 t H e e n wh ooo e ne d t he k n ee of mn yw rror

thoughtheGreekheroewenttoTroytow nrecompeneforAg memnon Murry Loeb

t r n t o n f o r w h ch h e w o c ur e d O d 1 4 6 8 9 b u t do e n o t e em t o h v e be en d ee me d

n d c t b e

3 7 S m r y f te r th e g o n c en e t 1 2 40 2 n d 12 80 1




9/15


h erc h d re n n dh e rc oun try 9668 g n t H e e n dn g erou rh e torc p 17b ov e

C h d re n n t h c ont ex t t n d f orP r 38t ow homH e e n h gn ed t h e re p on

b t y f orh e rown c ondu ct b e c u e of h f t e fu c ho c e n t h e u dge men t 924f f

N ow t h t P r d e d n d T ro y c p tu re d H ec ub c n d ef en d t he r g o od n m e

f P r gu t yTroy f e d u e to t h e mc on du c t of me mbe rof th e Tro n roy

f m y n d Tr oy h er e f t o b m e f or h er f t e f P r n ot g u t y n e t he r T ro y

f ort he b e n ce f romth e g on of t he Tron gu t e e b ov e w t h n 31

An dye t H e e n n n oc e nt of n y off e nc e g n t H e c ub n dTroy 39Th e on y one

h e h w ron g ed q 8t KEL S 902 t he h u bn dw h omh e e f t n dH ec ub n ow pp e

t oh mt oc rry ou t h erre v en g e One w ou dh ow ev e re x pe c t t t ob e t h e o of f e n d

t h e u f fe rn gf oow n gf romh ere op e me nt 8734 n d 877b 9 f orw h ch h e w ou d

d em n d H e en d e th t h t t f or h er m r t n f de t y d oe n o t e e m p p ro pr t e

f ro m p e d er w ho h u t d en t f ed w t h p e c f c y G r ee k v u e b ov e w th

n 3 3 T he G re ek d d n ot n f c t d e t h on n d u te re 4 0 n d H ec ub m k e t c e r

t h t h e w re of t h f c t w h en h e u gg e t t h t t he p ropo e d d e t h e n t en ce

houdhenceforthobt n nGreece thepunhmentforeverywomnwhobetry

h e rhu bn d Wh yh e n e ve rth e e c h oo e t h n e of rgume nt c n b e g t h ere d f rom

Men e u on gmon oogu e t t he b e gn n ngof t h e e p od e 86079 Th e d ef erred

c ont c t b e tw e en t h e n ew rrv n d t ho e on t g e 41 ow t h e k n g t o e xp re

h m e f f r ee y t o t h e op en r t w er e w h e H ec ub t en t te nt v e y S he h e r h m

y t h t h me n w n te dh mt o e x ec u te H e e n 8734 bu t wou dn o t t n d n h

w y f h e p ref erred t ore n t t e h e r874b 5 n d t h t h e h d e c de d t o c on v eyh e rt o

Gre e ce n d e t h e rpy t h ere w t h h er f e f ort h o e w h of e n Troy 8767942H d t h

b ee n t h t Me ne u d H e cu b n te nt t h t t he k n g c r ry o ut t h d ec o n

38D e e t ng 95960w t h W mow tz n d o th e r n c u dng t h e e d torof OCT1981f ort h e

g e ne r zn gpu r c h d re n ref errn g t o n g e p e ron e e B rre tt n o te on H 49Wt h

959-60 Dephobus too s ncuded n ch dren and Hecuba aso denes that the atter marred

H e en g n t h er w

39 See R. Meridor, Hecuba s revenge, AJP 99 (1978), 28-9 for the absence of TqtWopops and its

dervatvesfromTroades andnotethat nthe ad3 39-51 7374the Troanauthortes

e xp re y c k no w ed ge P r e xc u v e r e p on b t y n d g u t

40Anaduterouswfe hadtobedvorcedbyherhusband wasdebarredfromre gous

c e remone s a nd wa s not a owed to a p pe a rnp ub c a do rned A RW Ha rr s o nTheLawo f

A th en O xf or d 1 9 68 v o 3 5 6 h e w n ot o th er w e p u n h ed

41 D. J. Mastronarde, Contact and Discontinuity (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1979), 25

Meneaus has no need to address the captves h s speech s overheard by Hekabe, so that

t s not an soated parodos-rhess e Eurp des n order to et Hecuba overhear Meneaus

speech wthout hs takng notce of her presence, created a stuat on n whch the kng had no

need to address the captves t s noteworthy that those on stage do not remark on the entrance

of e do not ntroduce to the audence the newcomer, who s we known to them contrast eg

Or 356ff, preceded by the chorus 348-55, and Ba 215ff, preceded by T resas 210-14 The

silence in Troades may be intended to allow Menelaus to introduce himself boastfully at the

begnn ng of hs speech-a consderat on to be added to the debate on 862-3

42 The proposed punishment by bereaved relatives and friends may be derived from

Steschorus, who has those about to stone Heen drop the stones at the s ght of her beauty PMG

201 f the same text aso under es Or 56b-60a where Meneaus brngs Heen back to Greece

under the cover of night in order to save her from such an act of vengeance, Euripides may, in

Troades, have changed a spontaneous fa ed ynchng nto an offc a never to be carred out

punishment, the very concept of which seems incompatible with the basic assumptions of the

Troan war the Greeks set out to recover Menelaus queen, not to return without her It does,

however, suit the rhetoric of the agon, seeing that It was common for the prosecutor in any

serious indictment to demand the death penalty for his adversary K J Dover, Greek Popular

M ort y n t h e t me of P t o n dArt o t e Ox f ord 1974 28990




10/15

24R MERD OR

w ou dn k e h oodh v e c on c ud e dhe rp e e ch byn t n g t h t H e e n e x e c ut on

w t he k n g p e re mpt orydu ty t o t h o e w hod e d f orh m n d t o t he rb e ref t f m e

S he w v h er e f o f t h r gu me nt 1 0 4 4 5 n t he t er c t o n fo o w n g u po n th e

v e rd c t w h e n h e f gh t t o c ount e rc t He e n e nt re t e f orp rd on 10423 Th t w

b e f t e rt he k n gn h d e c on 1039b 41re n t rod u ce t h e top c w h c h w b e n t

f romt h e c on te t n t p ee c he B u t ev e n be f ore M en e u mk e h prog rmmt c

n nounc e me nt h e d ec re t h t t he un h n n gmore brgh t yn ow t h t h e t o

u b u g t e h w f e 8 6 0 1 n d d e p t e wh t p e op e t h nk t n ot f or H e en k e th t

h e h c ome t oTroy 8645 more ove rh e rv e ryn me n t h em t oh m86970

Th e k n gdo t h pro te t t o omu ch E vd e n t yh e t n ov e w t h He e n n dh

d e c on t o c on ve yh ert oGre ec e 8769 me dno t o mu ch t h vn gh e rpu t t o

d e t h t he re n t h e f ut ure t vn gh e rf romb e n gk e d n Troyn t h e p re e n t B u t h e

of e r b e n gh e dn c on te mpt n un mn yw e k n gd omn t e dby t he w omn

w h o h p y ed h m f e o m uc h o t h t h e w n ot e ve n ow n to h m e f t h t h e

ntend totkeherb ck43

n t he g ht o f th r e d n g of M en e u H ec ub b e t n d pr ob b y o n y c h n ce

t o m k e h m ex ec ut e He e n t o u e t he r un w y w f e p un h m en t m e n t o

re t ore t h e d e e rt edh u bn d t rn h ed re p ut t on Wh t c ou db e b e tt e r

d e mon t rt on t h t t h ere re n og round f orMe ne u f me n d t h t h e ddn o t

f g ht g n t T r oy f or h w f e k e th n h e nt en c ng h er t o d e th ? He cu b f n

d e mn d t o t urn t h n ove p un h men t of t he p rt c u r n ne rH e e n n t o g e ne r y

bn dn g w 1031b 2 yd ow n th w f or t h e ot h erw omen d e t h f orw h oe ve r

b e try h e rhu bn d b o th dp t n un Gree k p en t y t oGre ek e g p rn c p e of

f or mu t n g g e ne r w 4 4 n d e r v e w r n n g to t he k n g g n t r e n t t n g h

f t h e q u ee n byn t mt n g t h e k e y c orru pt n gn f u e nc e of h ere xmp e on o t h er

mrre dw ome n More ove rM e n e u c omp n ce w t h b o th t h e e d e mnd w

t rn f ormh mf rom e f h ru e rw h oe mbro e d t h e w hoe Gre ek w ordn on g

n db oodyw r n orde rt ore cov erh un worth yw f e n t o h gh prn c p e d

ov ere gn w h ogv e f r t p rort y t omor t yn d t h e n c t ty of mrr g e t he b

f orGre ek f m y f e Th n t t rc t ve p rop e ct f or k n g c onc e rn edw t h h pu b c

m ge

10331035Thechoru ofTro nwomenwhoer er966 8 urgedtherqueento

t n du pg n t H e e n n ow upp ort h er pp e n d t e M en e u t h t by e n t en c n g

H e en t o d e th h e w r eg n h g oo d n m e

Th e e ne me of 1035 h ou dn ot b e t k e n re fe ren c e to t h e Tro n w ome n

t he m e ve f t he c ho ru e xh or t ng M en e u t o c t n w y t h t w m k e h m

pp e rn ob e e v e n n t e y e 45S u ch n n t e rpre t t on e e mt ob e c ont rry t oGree k

u g e A c cordng t oAmmon u D f f 64EXOpd6 p e ron wh ow f orme ry one

4 3No t e the a c tvefo rms o fd y w = e a d a c a p tv e awa y n8 7 1 a nd 8 77 a s a g a nst themd d e

= e d on e b rd e /w fe t o on e h ome n 875n t h e rre p e c t ve c ont ex t

44 It is not permitted that any law be passed with reference to an individual, if the same law

d oe n ot p p y t o A th en n A nd oc 1 8 7 M E d w rd t r n t o n n G r ee k Or t o r v o V

A r n d Ph p 1 99 5 m r y D em 2 3 86 2 4 5 9 4 61 2 F or E ur p de u n g t g e c to n

c omp t b e w t h f f t h ce n tu ryA th en n c onc e pt of u t c e n d e g p roc e du re e e R M erd or

n 3 9 3 0 1 w th n 1 2

45W R Paton REG27 1914 37en temontrantg6n6reuxpournous esfemmesTroyennes

t e e n n eme L e e n 1 n ob e e ve n n t h e e y e of y oure n eme B e h n 1 n d emdud c h

g e c h ze t gd e n e n G egn ern e n Mn n von un t dg e rWe e n rt ze g t




11/15


n e r n dd e r4667TpdOp o t o w h c h obv ouyd o e n o t p py t o t h e Tro n

c p t v e B e d e EXpdp e rh pdu e t od pp ont men t w t h t he f orme rOAog

n e mot on y c h rg ed c onc ep t e p e c y o c t e dw t h t h e re q u t of n u ryby

n u ry Sp e k er on t he t rg c t g e on yv e ry rre y re fe rt o t he me v e ort o t he g roup

t o wh c h th ey b e on g o me on e e e E X Op 6 n d th o e wh o do d o o n c r cu m

t n c e w h e re Ammon u d ef n t on n d t he p rn c p e of re trb u t on re re e vn t 47

E e wh e re rroAX t o t h e te rmnorm yu e d 48Th n d ee dh ow t h e od q u ee n

de f n e h e re f n H e cu b 741 n re t on t oAgmemn on d o e t h e H e en of Trod e

t 915n re t on t oM en e u w h en h e t rv e t omk e h mf orgv e n df org e t he r

d e e rt on 49t re on b e t o ume th t roAEp oLt w h t t h e member of t he

c horuw ou dh v e dh d t h eyb e en re fe rrng t o t h eme v e B ut t h ey ydXpot

n d t he on y on e n t h c ont ex t w ho n w e rAmmon u d e f n t on of dXOp6g

H e e n 5oTh e c od e of req u t omk e e x ce e n t e n e n re t on t oh er On

t h re dn g of dXOpoL t h e p rt c p c u e 1035bp rovn g of g ood n e g e t ow rd

y oure n eme 51re pe t n dg en er ze t h e c h oru p rec e dngre q ue t 10334 v en g e

y oure f on y ou rw f e n mn n erw orth y of y ou rf ore f t he r n dy ourh ou e n d

p e c f e t h e me n b y wh c h Me ne u t o r d h m e f d f EA oo f v EL o f th e

G re ek r ep ro c h o f wo m n h n e 5 2 T h t he e nd o f t he g o n n d t he f n T r o n

t t emp t to f f ec t t ou tc ome Th e q u ee n h pp e e d t oM en e u q uk n g t h e

w ome n of t he c h oru b rn g t o t h e f ore t h e n dvdu mn n dh du ty t oh f m y

Th e g en er zn gpu r EXOpoL op re e nt H e e n re pre e nt t v e of t h e t yp e

EdXOpo n d t hu n v t e M e ne u t og e t ev e n w t h h 0X 8p o t by ex ec u t ng t h on e

e v w om n

10361117A hownbovetheo dqueengnoreor freeynterpret nconvenent

f c t n d n ve nt n c de nt t h t u p po rt h er r gu me nt T hu h e c t n y k e d

p e d e rn n A t he n n w c ou rt n t en t on w n n ngh c e 53An dw n h erc e

H ec ub d oe e v de nt f ro m Me ne u d ec o n 1 03 6 4 1 n o t on y d oe t h e k ng

4 6 Fo r t h t r n t o n of k 0A o e e D e o n H e 9 2

47A S e 675Ag1637S A 1377 EM e d 507 875H r944 Andr707724 H e c 849w h ere

EXOp e x p re e H e cu b n e w t t t ud e t ow rdP oyme t or Ph o1593

48Ammon u bd df f ere nt t e b e t we en X e Op o 7roAx og n d Sv t E vg t h e t

r r e ev n t t o th d c u o n

49C f oA P e 243Ag 608S Ph 1323E H ec 848 w h ere rroA e p re fe rt o t h e H ec u b

Agme mnon re t on h p H F 1263

5 0 F or t he g en er z n g m c u n e p u r r ef er r ng t o n g e fe m e p e r on t he

re pre e nt t v e of t ype e e B rret t n n on E H 49n d 287

5 For EV1yEVr = behaving in the way which becomes one of noble blood see Barrett s note on

H 26F orb v o tL t w t h p e ron u b e ct n dp red c t e d e c t ve g vn g t h e re on f ort he

u b e ct t k n g orn o t t k n g c e rt n n e of c on duc t by t re n g t e f fe c t on h re pu t t on

e e e g C y 5 32 X w ov T LL T E po S L v L H ec 1 2 33 E T cw & pK E E LS K K v n d cf

M e d 600H 90332 H e c 348H e 1001 Ph o1005 1623F ort h e me c on tru ct on mp f e d

byadatvemodfyng thewhoesentence-nuceusK-G 405414-15cf Tro661-3 KaK

A v ov t t & Oc L OV Or vT L f h p ro ve b e t o w rd m y de d h u b nd n t he e

exampes the unspecfed obect of a voC/at to whom? are those whose opnon determnes the

reputatonof thesubectFortheGreekkng thesearetheGreekstheyareaso tobe nferred

fromGreece n1034

52 'Womanishness' here does double service for 'being a woman in relation to his wife' (Or.

742 wth W nks note and not takng vengeance when wronged E Fr 1092 XO8pbv KaKc

8pdv vpp3 1y ot pt t / p or

53 See Stephen Todd, The use and abuse of the Attic orators , G&R 37 (1990), 159-78,

e p 1 72




12/15

26R MERD OR

e n dore H e cu b rgume nt n dd ec re t h t H e e n e f t Gre ec e f orTroyw n gy

(EKovalws) and that her tale of Aphrodite was an empty boast (1036-9a),54 he is so

g t t ed t h t h e h u r t he d e t h e n t en c e 1039b 41 t H e e n n md n e n dw t h out

n d c t ng t h t h e n ow d d r e n g h w f e t he y o u o f 10 36 ff w H ec ub

moreov er t h e ph r n gg ou p t o t h o e w ho t one 1039b e e mt ompy h ere n d

n ow n d t o c on ve y t h t M e ne u re ne gn g on h e r e rd e c on t op u t of f th e

executonunt fterthereturntoGreece876ff fhethenpreentHeen deth

ow ed f ort he Gree k u f fe rn g n Troy 1040 h e ddb e fore th e g on 878b 9

h c onc u dn g out b urt o t h t y ouw k now n ot t od h onou rme 1041bb e try

th t h e mot v t edn o t by t he Gre ek pgh t bu t byHe e n of fe n ce g n t h m e f

t h vn d c t e t he od q u e e n n e of p e dn g S o t o o t h e Gre e k w h of e n Troy re

b e n t f romMen e u c onc u dn gd ec rt on 10559 t h t H e e n e x e cu t on w

e rve d e te rre n t to t h e w hoe f e me p opu t on E vd en t y f r t he g on go e

Hecub rhetorcemergetr umphnt

B ut n f c t th e t u t o n f t er t he g o n r em n e x c t y t w p r or t o t he d eb t e

Me n e u g t t on d o e n o t ou t t t h e n n oun ce men t of h u dge men t A oon

H e en p pe t o h m f or p r d on 1 0 42 3 h e re f f r m h e r e r p n o f f r t

c onv e yngh e rt oGre e ce 10478 n d 10556 Th e one gn f c n t n df ore h d ow

n g de t n t h c on te xt 1 05 1 H ec ub t n e5 5 n t h e c en e T he o d q u ee n

re dyk now t h t t h e e x ec u t on w n ot t k e p c e n Troyn d h e t re d e p e rt e y

topreventthekngfromtk ngHeenonbo rd1049 et theexecutonnottke

p c e t H er w r n ng o nc e o ve r w y o ve r5 6 n tm t e t h t th e po t

p one me n t of H e e n e x ec u t on p e h e rre n t t e me nt M en e u q u ee n Th e

c h oru d e p r 106080 t t h e b egn n n gof t he mme d t e y f o ow n g t mon

t hou gh t h e k n gh d e c de dn H e c ub f v ou r u gge t t h t t h eyun de rt o od t h e

me g e of 1051Th e t t roph e of t h c hor on g110017 w h ere t he Tron

w ome n e nv g e H e en on b ordM e ne u h pd e p t e h e x p c t p rome t o t h e

c ont rry 1053b 4 h ow t h e rc ompre he n on H e e n p ort ry h ere w t h g od en

mrror n dh erp re e nt t on Z e u d u ght er 11079 p ref gu re h e rreh b t t on

n d t he c h oru u b e qu e nt mp on edw h t h t M e ne u n ev e rre c h Sp rt n d

h n c e tr h ome n d t emp e t og e th erw t h H e e n 111017h e rd t h e re t urn of

t h e re con c e d roy c oup e t o t h e rf orme rp o t on Th e re on f orth w h

M en e u h vn gw on t he h me of f t h e w f e f org re t Gre ec e 57h gh gh t

54Th n c c ordw t h A tt c w of f en ce c ommt t edn t e nt on y orv oun t ry JKoU t ow

EKOV UL n dun n te nt on y orn v oun t ry dKov oUw c dKOdvL w e re t re t ed d f f e re n t y n d

o n y th e t t er w er e ex cu b e e g D em 2 1 4 3 2 4 4 9 A n t 5 9 2 t o c o n t e nt w t h At t c

f ore n c rh e torc re p on b t y f or n c t on c ou dn o t b e e v d ed on t h e g round t h t t h d b ee n

p romp te dby up ern t u r f orc e M V e b e rgD e re g o e e n V ort e u n ge n d e Re dne r

Lyku rgRh M1341991 4968e p 545 S e e n 44 b ove e nd

A tt rb u t ng 1052w t h D gg e 1981OC Tt ex t n d o t h er t oM en e u e e t he p p c rt

n d c f 10512w t h M e d 3301

56 Barlows translation of 1051 Note that this is Aristotles example for maxims that no

ooner retheyutteredthnthey rece rtothoe whoconderthem Rh1394b1416=

2215

5711141586oy/ov t X o AdCvEAAdS 6rd t EydALNot e t h t e A ov t he t n d

r e o un d ng c t on w or d n t he t m on T h e co mb n t o n X o J A Wd v h e v y c h r ge d m n

of h onou r e x pe ct e d to t h ru t h me w yf romh me f S o 32 LX o d 7Trw odLE v on d t o

p re n o e f fort unt h e w n JAEdvg ory 17321ort h e nob e ob e ct of h p ry e rTy rt 1236

c f P P 5 2 1 o r v ct or y P 0 8 6 6 or t he k e W th U y o v t x o c f He F r 1 76 7

EAvrq q LXU VEAEXo MEvEAdovF org re t Gree c e t 1115 g n t M e n e u Sp rt of

1 1 10 1 3 e e n 3 5




13/15


t he k n g re ve r of h un de rt k n g t o c ompyw t h t h e Tro n c p t v e p p e

102935 t o c row n Gre ec e w t h g oryn dre h b t t e h g oodn me byk n g t he

w omn w h ob et ry e dh m58f H e c ub w rn n gmxm n t h e f t e rmt h of t h e g on

counterct thetrumphofherrhetorcbeforethecene overthechoru yrc

e t b h H e e n t r d t on re n t t e men t b ef ore t h e e xod ob e gn Wh en A t yn x

b ody brou ght on t g e t 1118t h e u d e n ce k n ow t h t t h e Tro n w ome n k now

th t H e e n w u rvve un c t h e d 59

Wt h th e t rd t on myth t h ere w of c ou re n ow y t ob rn g b out H e e n

e x ec u t on n f c t t he m t e ryp e e ch e c on t t u t n g th e g on f u f more t h n on e

functon theyervethetwocontet nt ntherf ghtforthep mofv ctorytobe

w r de d by M en e u t he r u d ge o f th ng p t n 6 0 n q u u d c d eb t e

h e dn p ybyE u rpd e t g e dn t h e t he t re of D on yu n t h e c ou re of t h e C t y

D o ny o f 41 5 B C E T he y o e rv e th e p y wr g ht t o m p re t he p e ct t or h

u dg e o f b t y 6 0 n te e c tu y n d n vo v e th em e mo t on y n d n c d en t y t o

co re p ont w t h t he g e nun e u dg e of t h e t rg c g on n w h c h h e w prt c p t n g

n dp robby w n n v t t on f orp erf ormn c e e e w he re61 w e f ort he rc on

t rb ut on t o t he p y w hoe e e b e ow Th e un u u orde rof t he p ee c he n d

t h e obv ou dvn t g e t h orde rc onf e ron t h e e c on dp e k e rn d c t e t h t H e e n

p e ec h me n t t op v e t he w y f orth t of H e c ub n d t h t t h e tw ot k e n tog et he r

conttuteonehrmonzedpece t eemtherefore themorenoteworthythtthe

neof rgumentEurpde choeforHecub netherthehert rendngdenun

t o n of t he y er o f o n h u b n d n d f th er n v te d by M en e u 8 78 b 9 n o r

th e p t ro t c t rd e g n t t h e t rt re t oh erc ount ryu gge t e d byH e en b e try

n gmyf t h er n d t 947b u t rgh te ou t t c k on M en e u bdw f e w h oe f t he r

hu bn d n dh erh ome n dn ot be c u e h e f e n ov e w t h n oth e rmn H e c ub

e nc e c on c ern n gH e en d e e rt on of h e rdu ght e r 3175my b e due t o t h

deertonbengu edtrd ton ytodemontrtetheoverwhemngpowerof

H e en o ve f or P r A c 2 8 3 7 S p p h 1 6 1 0 w h ch h er e de n ed t o h er b ut

becue hecovetedtheenoymentoftht otherm n weth HoweverHecub

c ho ce o f t t ck e xp n ed t h r d y rr e ev n t th t G or g t o f k e y c u e

58Contrt UtoyCLov tXo JAdcvEAAcd&111415 wthbothrTEdvcwovEAAd38

T7v SEKTv ov 1030 n d rTEL oL c d L PTKC dL EAoU 7TrpEAAd8oo dy ov 10345

59Aproducerwhocnnottruth udencetogr ptheconnectonbetweentheconcudng

t roph e of t h e c hor od e 110017 n dH ec u b t t w o n e 1049 n d 1051 n t h e p re c edn g

c e ne c ou d rr n g e forH e e n n d t h e men ord ere d t o e dh e rt o t h e h p 10478 t ob e t n

gh t t 1059t h e t ex t n c u d e n oh n t t w h en t h ey e v e n dh v e M en e u on h e rb e fore

1060f orth e e x t t gn g t w e re t h e t Ac v of 1114 n dvn ce Th e p rodu ct on byL Mm

Th e t re C ompn yof Ne w Y ork n w h c h H e e n w c t uy t one dB r ow n ot e on 1039w

nottruetoEurpde

60 See Arist Rh 1358a36-b13 = 13 1-3 on the different kinds of rhetoric appropriate for

t he d f f e re nt k n d of t e ne r dd re e dTh e u d e n c e w t ch n g t he p ymy b e c ompre d

w t h Ar t o t e m er e p e ct t or w h o u dg e of t he b t y o f th e rh et or c n t p ub c

d ec m t o n T he t r d t o n u b ec t of u c h = e p d e ct c p ee ch e w e t he r pr e o r b m e

n d t he un u u moun t of d ef mt on n H e c ub q u f ore n c p e ec h dd re e d t oM e ne u

practca ythewhoe exceptforthec amat 969-88thatAphrodtehadnosharen Heens

f o ow ng P r c h r ct er n t on f o r he r u dg e of t hn g p t k e n A r t ot e n

dcast-maybeduetothe factthatforthespectatorsthesamespeechaso servesasa kndof

bme of H e e n S e e b e ow w t h n 62

61 P. E. Easterling, Euripides outside Athens. A speculative note , ICS 19 (1994), 73-80. The

CtyD onysamayhaveprovdedaconvenentmeetngpaceforforegndgn taresandentre-

preneursontheonesde andthepaysandtherauthorsandproducersontheother




14/15

28R MERD OR

f orHe e n e op eme nt t t h t e e m me d t e x one rt n gh e rfrome ve rymg

n b e c cu t o n n c u de n o p o n fo r r c he n d u xu ry H e cu b p ee ch m y

h v e b e en c ompoe dw t h Gorg En comumof H e en n mn d62

T he re n o ov er g re em en t t o Eu r p de n te nt n T r o d e 6 3 b ut t he re t t e

d oub t t h t t h t rg e dymot movn gypre e nt t he u ff e rng c u e d byw r Th e g on

w n ot ne ce ry t o c h e vn g t h e f fe c t gvn gv o c e to t h e pgh t of t he w ome n of

t h e de fe t e d64w ou dh v e mpy u f f ce dObv ouy t h h owp e c e of rhe torc d d

e x c t ngv r t on bu t t h n o t t on y c ont rbut on t o t he p yP c ed f t ert h e

h ort v e dhop e for f u tu re forTroy 7025 n n h t e dwh en t h e t c on of

t h e roy h ou e t k e n t oh d e t h t t h e e n d of th e e c ond e p e od on 78298 t

p rovd e t h e u rvvorof t h e vn quh e d c t yw t h n ou t et f ort he rf ru t rt on

H e en v n g pe r o n un re de em ed b y t r g c f u t w ho m y p y w t h he r f e

f ort he rm e ryTh e emot on n v ove men t n t h e g on n d t he e x pe c t t on f rom

t ou tc ome pu t t he mu t n e ou of f t g e e x e cu t on of A t yn x ou t of mn d

t h rou gh out t h e t h rd e p e od on bu t w h en h b ody brou ght on t g e t t h e

b e gnn n gof t he e x odo 111822 t h e e w ome n re dyund e rt n d t h t t he rh gh

h ope w e re un found ed b ove w t h n n 558 A t t he me t me t he y e rn o t h t

t h e momen t of t he re mbrk t on h rrv ed 11236 6511478 11545 n dw t h t

theonetoftheen vementwhchtheyhvebeendredng ncetheyc meontothe

t g e H ec ub 1 4 0 c h or u 1 5 3 6 7 n d p m e e n 6 4 H e cu b f f rm g n t h t

t he yh v e n o th n g t oh op e f orf romt he g od b ove w t h n 37 n d t he Tron

u f fe rer t k e f n e v e of t h e rp t n d e x t t o t he rf u t ure Not on ce d o t h ey

mentontherthwrtedde reforretrbuton

Ne ve rth e e t he e f fe c t of t h d pp ont men t d oe n o t e e mt ob e mpre dby

th e r e nc e H e cu bw t h h e re mot v e p e e c h n t n g on mor c h o ce n d re

p on b t y b c c on ce pt n A t he n n w n d c o ur t p e d n g b o v e w th n 5 4

bu t b e n t f romh e rdv e rry rgume nt p robby c rre d t h e u d e n ce b e fore h er

Theufferngofthedefetedpreentedon tge ncombnt onwthHecub

u nr em t t ng c h r c te r n t o n o f he r d v er r y k e y to h v e p er u d e d th em

t h t H e e n h ou db e e xe c ut e dTh e om on of t he Tron own re p on b t y f or

t he r f t e b ov e w th n 3 1 m k e t e e r fo r t he p e ct t o r t o t k e u ch v e w 66 T h

v ew o p r ep r e d t he G re ek t r d t o n y d t he b m e fo r th e Tr o n w r n d t

c on eq u en ce t H e e n d oorn 36 n dn t h e p y t h e Tro n u f fe rer d oo

re pe t e dyn d n t en t yAn dromc h e 76673c h oru 7801 f orH ec u b e e b ov e

62GorgH e 20 Wh et he rh e dd w h t h e dd b e c u e h e w e n moure d < by ght > or

p e ru d e dbyp e e ch or e ze d byf orc e orc ompe e d bydv n e n ec e t y n e v ery c e h e e c p e

t he c c u t on M c D ow e t rn t on Th e b ov e u gge t on e e mt ob e u pp ort e d by t h e

f c t th t n o p o n fo r r c he f ou nd n t h e t o f f em e t r t c om mo n y cr t c z ed n t h e

w rt n g of f f t h n df ou rth c e nt uryA t he n RJu t Wome n n A t h en n Lw n dL f e L on don

n dNe w Y ork 1989 166c f D ov er n 42 98101Th e p rob emw h et h erE u rpd e Trod e or

G org H e e n t he e r e r u u yun k e h e re t re t e d by c omprn g t h e rgume n t of t h e

Eurpden Heenwththoe ofGorg

63 For the man trends of nterpretaton see now J Rosman Contemporary aus ons n

Eu r p de T ro d e S F C 1 5 1 99 7 3 8 4 7 t 3 8 9

6F ort he c rue o t of t he d e fe t e dn h t orc Gree c e e e WK Prt ch e tt Th e Gre ek S t t e t

Wr v o 5B e rk e ey 1991 203f f Th e d re d of v e ry v erymu ch p re e nt n Trod e

65 As Neoptolemus has already sailed away, it is clear that the wind of departure, awaited since

t he b eg n n ng o f t he p y 1 9 b 2 2 o t n t he g o n c e ne 8 8 2 b 3 h f n y r e n

66 The fate of the womenfok of the defeated woud have been as amentab e aso f ther s de

w t ob me E u rpd e e em t oh v e p ref erred mp e p c t ure w t h t rk ou t n e n o te t h e

om o n of T ro n m e u rv v or u ch H e en u A e ne t he A nt en or d e f ro m T ro d e




15/15


w t h n 36 F u rt he rmore n t he f r t e p e od on C n drc me d th t t h e Tron

foughtn ordertopreventtheGreek robbngthemofther fther nd375 6 67 nd

thttheydedfor the keofthercountry3867 ntht contextnobodycorrected

hernd remndedthe udencethttheTro n fought nddedbecu etheyrefued

t ou rre nd er w omn n dp o e on rb t rry re mov ed f romth e Gre e k Th e

Gree k h er dg e ne r y re fu e t o t k e me n t y un h ng e dC n dr e rouy

4 17 1 9 n d he r n n u t on t h t t he T r o n w e re t he v c t m o f e xp n o n t

g gr e o n u n ff ec te d by t he G re ek p re p r t o n t o h om e o on t he

n e ce ryw n dr e re dy 1822n d re p e t edy Th pre e nt t on of t h e c on f c t

t hrough ou t t he p yn c ombn t on w t h t h e orde rof t he c en e e em me d t

e vn g t h e u d e n ce un de rt he f n mpre on t h t H e e n n on e x ec u t on dd n u t

ton urynd chet theTron womenoftherr ghtfu revenge

The re of c ou re n ow yof k n ow n gh ow Eu rpd e orgn u d e nc e re c te d t o

H e cu b p e ec h An ot n gn f c n t n umbe rof t member w ere f m rw t h c ou rt

n d e mbyort oryn dpu b c d ec mt on qu t e f e w we re tr n e dn rh et orc

W h e u c h p e ct t or r e k e y t o h v e fo o w ed t he g o n w t h p ec n te re t n d to

h v e dmred t h e p eru v e e xp e rt e of H e cu b n dh er p ee c h wrt e rt h ey orome

of t he mm y oh v e e e n th rou gh he rrgumen t t on Th t t h e b ov e n t e rp ret t on

n e ve rth e e re on b e gu e e e mt ob e u pp ort e d by t h e mpc t H e cu b

p ee ch t h o n u d e nc e n d re d er k e n c u d ng c ho r t r n ed t o b e

c ep t c b ou t p e k er d ef m t o n o f th e r d v er r e o m uc h o t h t H ec ub

tnce often doptedunreervedyTh mke onewondernoto muchwhether

t h e Gre ek re g rde d re ve n ge mor yun prob emt c 68 h ow f ru d e n c e c n b e

mn pu t e d by c e v e rrhe torc F ort un t e yH e e n f e w v e dby t h e t rd t on

tory69

TheHebrewUnver tyofJeru emRAANANAMERDOR

merdor@h2humhu c

67Ths foowsfromwhatCassandrasaysabouttheGreekswho unke theTroansd edn ths

wr thoughtheywerenotbengrobbedoftherownboundre noroftherhgh towered

f t he r n d B r o w t r n t o n

68 W V. Harris, CQ 47 (1997), 363.

69 I wish to thank the editor and the reader of CQ for their very helpful comments and

suggestons and my frends and co eagues Dr D Gera and Professor M F nkeberg for ther

encourgement nd dvce

creative rhetoric in euripides' troades. some notes on hecuba's speech

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