creating blowouts - camlie aggenbach
TRANSCRIPT
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Creating blowouts:why we do it?
Camiel Aggenbach 1
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Features of coastal dunes
• young landscapes and soils
• eolean activity->
re-juvilination and
succession
• strong variation space and time
• nutrient poor
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Grey Dunes in EU
too less activationis a problem
too much activationis a problem
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atmosphericS+N-deposition
> critical N load Grey Dunes
exceedance inprovince Noord-Holland (NL)
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Treats for Grey dunes in atlantic region• eolean dynamics
– large-scale dynamics stopped– partly: less small-scale dynamics
• nitrogen and acidifying deposition– N deposition too high– accelerated decalcification and acidification
• management/ grazing– (decline of live stock grazing)– decline of rabbit population
• Grey Dunes– encroachment of tall grasses– encroachment of shrubs and trees– decalcified dunes became homogeneous
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Question: is small-scale eolean activity a cure for deteriorated Grey dunes?
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Framework for potential effects
deflationzone
not affected strong sanddeposition
weak sanddeposition
prevailing wind
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Framework for potential effects
deflationzone
not affected strong sanddeposition
weak sanddeposition
prevailing wind
during eolean activity:re-vitalising old soil
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Framework for potential effects
deflationzone
not affected strong sanddeposition
weak sanddeposition
prevailing wind
after stabilization:succession soil+vegetation
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Patterns in and around activeblowouts
> 35 y eolean activity
research in Luchterduinen, The Netherlands (Fujita et al. 2015)
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Gradient soil moderately CaCO3 richblowout
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Vegetation gradient CaCO3 rich blowout
ecological plant species groups
Grey Dunes: nutrient poor and base rich
pioneer: nutrient poor and base rich
Grey Dunes: nutrient poor and base poor
shrub and forest
deflation zone
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Spatial effects permanent blowouts
effect of size and CaCO3 content of deflation zone
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research stabilized blowoutsLuchterduinen and Meijendel , The Netherlands(Fujita & Aggenbach, in prep.)
> 35 j eolisch actief
6-14 y stabilized; CaCO3 = 2.7 %
6-14 y stabilized CaCO3 = 2.2 % ca. 25 y stabilized; CaCO3 = 1.2 %
14-25 y stabilized; CaCO3 = 1.0 %
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soil pH at 2.5 cm below soil surface
6-14 j gestabiliseerd; CaCO3 = 2.7 %
6-14 j gestabiliseerd; CaCO3 = 2.2 % ca. 25 j gestabiliseerd; CaCO3 = 1.2 %
14-25 j gestabiliseerd; CaCO3 = 1.0 %
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Effect of stabilisation
0 1-6 11-226-11 22-33 33-44 54-74 >74 y
0
10
20
30
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Chrono-sequence soil
• soildevelopment
-> 40-60 jaar
• effect on content CaCO3– more SOM acc in
calcareous soil
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Soil development and plant species richness
• SOM accumulation– more species
• calcarious soil– stays high
– Grey Dunes
> 60 y
• non-calcarious– drops after 40 y due
to acidification
plots van 1 m2
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Conclusions
• we need eolean dynamics + stabilization!– species rich Grey Dunes = old soil!– time scale >2-6 decennia– eolean activity: positive effect on base chemistry
topsoil and vegetation
• small scale eolean activity– spatial effect: several 10th of m (6-10 x deflation zone)
• size deflation zone• CaCO3 deflation zone• amount of sand transport
– temporal effect: several decennia after stabilization– effect on short+mid time: re-vitalise old soils
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Questions
Is small scale eolean activity a cure for deteriorated Grey dunes?Do we understand the process of small scale eoleanactivity enough to make them?When are blowouts successful?Stabilization of blowouts: failure or success?In which dune zones to create blowouts?Which size and density of blowouts?Which time scale for ‘planning’ blowouts?How to create blowouts?What are the clues to create successful blowouts?