Conversion of Biofeedstocksto Green Fuels and Power

Conversion of Biofeedstocksto Green Fuels and Power

Mr. Claudio BertelliSales Manager

UOP LLC

Mr. Claudio BertelliSales Manager

UOP LLC

BIO2009 IV Seminario Latinoamericano y del Caribe de BiocombustiblesApril 28-30, 2009Cali, Colombia

© 2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP 5172-01

Agenda

� Introduction & Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:

– Process– Life Cycle Analysis

�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight

�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery

UOP 5106-02

UOP Overview

• Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries.

• UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the world’s gasoline; 85% of the world’s biodegradable detergents; 60% of the world’s para -xylene.

• 3400 employees worldwide.• 2008 Financials: $1.9 billion in sales. • Strong relationships with leading refining and

petrochemical customers worldwide.• UOP’s innovations enabled lead removal from

gasoline, the production of biodegradable detergents, the first commercial catalytic converter for automobiles.

Biofuels: Next in a Series of Sustainable Solutions

2003 National Medal of Technology Recipient

UOP 5166-02

Biofuels: A Quickly Changing Landscape

� All biofuels are good

� More, faster

� No criteria to measure impact of adopting biofuels

� Availability of “inexpensive” bio feedstocks

� Government mandates and incentives favor ethanol and biodiesel

� Not all biofuels are good

� Measured biofueladoption

� Utilization of LCA analysis to “qualify”: link to GHG, energy, sustainability

� Bio feedstocks tracking energy prices

� Government mandates and incentives increasingly technology neutral

� Emphasis on “real”biofuels

2007

� Emphasis on life cycle analysis as a way of measuring “sustainability”

� Ensure technology is feedstock flexible

� Focus on 2 nd

generation technologies

� Create partnerships between feedstock suppliers and fuel producers

Increasing Awareness of Impact

2008 UOP Position

UOP 5166-03

UOP Renewables Vision• Building on UOP technology and expertise• Produce real fuels instead of fuel additives/blends• Leverage existing refining, transportation, energy, biomass handling

infrastructure to lower capital costs, minimize val ue chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk.

• Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks & chemicals

Other Oils: Camelina, Jatropha

Lignocellulosic biomass,algal oils

Second Generation

Oxygenated Biofuels

BiodieselEthanol

Hydrocarbon Biofuels

JetDiesel Gasoline

FirstGeneration

Natural oils fromvegetables and

greases

UOP 5149-05

Fuel & Power

Fuel & Power

Renewable Energy

Biofuels Overview: Technology Pathways

Current biofuel market based on sugars & oils. Use brid ging feedstocks to get to 2 nd Gen feeds – Algae & Lignocellulosics

Transesterification

Enzyme Conversion

Fermentation

C6 Sugars

Dehydration

Acid or Enzyme Hydrolysis

Gasification

Pyrolysis/ThermalDepolymerization

Lights

CO2

Feedstocks Products

Syngas

Direct Conversion

H2O

FCC

Hydrotreating

Bio-oilHydrotreating

FischerTropsch

-

Alcohol Synthesis

Distiller’s Grain

Glycerine

Starches

Natural Oils

GreenGasoline

Ethanol

FAME or FAEE

GreenDiesel/Jet

C5 / C6Sugars

Co-Feed

Lignin, Cellulose& Hemicellulose

Sugars

2nd Gen Feeds(Jatropha,

Camelina & Algal )

UOP 5149-06

RenewableEnergy

= UOP Areas

Agenda

UOP 5106-05

�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:

– Process – Life Cycle Analysis

�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight

�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery

Renewable Diesel Options

3 Options Currently Available

Feedstocks

� Palm Oil

� Rapeseed

� Soybean

� Tallow

� Algal Oils

� Jatropha

Biodiesel(FAME)

Ecofining

(Stand-alone Hydroprocessing/Isomerization)

Co-ProcessedHydroprocessing

UOP 5106-06

Natural Oil/ Grease

+ Glycerol

Biodiesel (FAME) Green Diesel

+ Propane

HydrogenMethanol

BaselineGoodBaselineLubricity

Baseline

40-543

<100.84

0

Petroleum ULSD

70-9050-65Cetane

BaselineGood/PoorStability

0.780.88Specific Gravity<1<1Sulfur content, ppm4438Heating Value MJ/kg

011Oxygen Content, %

-30 to -10-5 to +15 Cloud Point, °C

Green DieselBiodiesel (FAME)

UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process to Produce Green DieselPreferred Bio Derived Diesel of ACEA

Green Diesel vs. Biodiesel (FAME)

UOP 5166-11

Ecofining Feed Source OptionsFlexibility

� Ecofining is applicable to a wide variety of feed-stocks (vegetable & animal)

� Works with 2 nd generation feed-stocks such as algae and inedible oils such as jatropha

Processability

� More saturated feed-stocks improve economics

� Green diesel product properties are almost independent of feed-stock source

Vol% 1st Stage Straight Chain Paraffin Yields

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0

Hours On Stream

Vol

% Y

ield

JatrophaSoybeanPartially HT soybeanFully HT soybeanTallowCanolaTallow 2Palm OilTallow 3Tall OilTallow 4

UOP 5106-08Feedstock Flexibility Enhances Profitability

Canola/

Rapes

eed

Soybea

nPalm

Jatro

pha

Tallow

Algal

Relative Hydrogen Consumption

Green Diesel Life Cycle Analysis –CO2 Emissions

Green diesel is a sustainable option for biofuels. Greater than 50% GHG reduction saving is possible

Petroleum D

iesel

Ft from C

oal

Ft from N

G

SBO Biodiesel

SBO GD

RSO Biodiesel

RSO GD

PO Biodiesel

PO Biodiesel w

/BC

PO GD

PO GD w

/BC

Tallow B

iodiesel

Tallow G

D

Jathropha Biodiesel

Jathropha GD

End UseTransportationFuel ProductionOil ProductionCultivation

250

200

150

100

50

0

g C

O2

eq./M

J

50% of Petro-diesel value

DOE Methodology

FT = Fischer TropschNG = Natural GasSBO = Soybean OilGD = Green DieselRSO = Rapeseed OilPO = Palm OilBC = Biogas Capture

UOP Confidential

Agenda

UOP 5106-15

�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:

– Process Improvements– Life Cycle Analysis

�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight

�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery

UOP Green Jet Fuel Program

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

GreenDieselGreenDiesel

GreenJet

GreenJet

Natural Oil/ Grease

� U.S. government-funded project to develop process technology to produce military jet fuel (JP-8) from renewable sources

� Process is feedstock flexible and second-generation feedstock “ready”

� Fuel meets stringent requirements for flash point, cold temperature performance, etc.

� Extend to commercial aircraft in partnership with flight demonstration partners

– Generate sufficient data to enable certification

– Demonstrate process scalability– Fast track commercialization

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Natural Oil/ Grease

DARPA Project Partners

Built on Ecofining Technology

UOP 5166-12

Target Commercializationby mid 2009

Completed Flight Demonstrations

� Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date: December 30 2008

Feedstock: Jatropha oil

Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil

� Successful CAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009

Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil

� Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009

UOP 5149-12

Key Properties of Green Jet

<0.0<0.0<0.0max 15Sulfur, ppm

3.513.333.66max 8.0Viscosity, -20 deg C, mm2/sec

44.244.044.3min 42.8Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg

1.0<11.0< 3Tube Deposit Less Than

0.20.00.0max 25Filter dP, mmHg

JFTOT@300oC

-54.5-63.5-57.0Max -47Freezing Point, oC

41.042.046.5Min 38Flash Point, TCC, oC

Description

Jatropha/ Algae

Derived SPK

Camelina Derived

SPK

Jatropha Derived

SPKJet A-1 Specs

Production Viability DemonstratedFuel Samples from Different Sources Meet

Key PropertiesUOP 5166-14

Agenda

UOP 5106-18

�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:

– Process Improvements– Life Cycle Analysis

�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight

�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery

Increases Availability, Reduces Feedstock CostTechnology Breakthroughs Required

MB

PD

0

10

20

Global

30

40

50US

0

2

4

6

8

10

Current Potential

Liquid Transport FuelsGasolineDieselCellulosic Waste

12

14

MB

PD

Liquid Transport FuelsGasolineDieselCellulosic Waste

Current PotentialSource: Purvin & Gertz /Eric Larsen: Energy for Sustainable Development, 2000

Oils Productivity

142842

0

5670

Gal

lons

per

acr

e

100200

500400300

0

Source: Fulton et. al

Soybean Caster bean

Sun-flowerseed

Rape-seed

Jatropha Palm

Mill

ion

BT

U/a

cre

� Cellulosic waste could make a significant contribution to liquid transportation pool.

� Algal Oils could enable oils route to biodiesel, Green Diesel and Green Jet.

≈

3500

≈

Algae

455

Enablers for a SustainableBiomass Infrastructure

UOP 5166-07

UOP / Ensyn Joint Venture

� Announced September 2008

� Pyrolysis Oil technology for fuel oil substitution & electricity generation now available

� JV becomes channel for UOP R&D results on upgrading pyrolysis oil to transport fuels

� Core competence in engineering and technology scale-up

� Co-inventor of Fluidised Catalytic Cracking (FCC) technology

� Modular process unit supplier

� Leader in fundamental catalyst and process development (Upgrading)

2nd Gen Renewable Energy Company – Global Reach

� ~20 years of commercial fast pyrolysis operating experience in food industry

� Developers of innovative RTP fast pyrolysis process

� 8 commercial RTP units designed for food application

� Now applying technology to fuel oil and energy

UOP 5149-15

Pyrolysis Oil to Fuels

Phased Demonstration & Commercialization

Heat Recycle

�Liquify biomass�Create pyrolysis oil

�Dry to ~5% moisture�Grind to fine particle

Ready for D

emonstration

3 Years to C

omplete R

&D

BiomassPreparation

FastPyrolysis

ElectricityProduction

Fuel OilSubstitution

Transport Fuels(Gasoline, Jet

Diesel)

Chemicals(Resins, BTX)

UOP 5106-20

Refinery

P P

P P

P P

Pyrolysis Oil

Solid Biomass

� 510°C, <2 secs� Biomass converted to

liquid pyrolysis oil� Fast fluidized bed, sand

as heat carrier� High yields; >70 wt%

liquid on woody biomass

� Light gas and char by-product provide heat to dry feed and operate unit

Rapid Thermal Process (RTP TM) Technology

UOP 5149-17

Proven Technology, full scale designs available

Pyrolysis Oil Applications

Early Applications Proven. A GHG Emission Reduction Solution for Industrial Sites

FuelBurner

GasTurbine

DieselEngine

Heat

ElectricityCHP

GreenGasoline,

GreenDiesel &

Green Jet

FischerTropsch

SyngasGasification

UOPUpgrading

Technology

RTPUnit

UOP 5149-20

• Current Applications• Emerging Applications

Renewable Fuels from Algae

Source: Q. Hu,

• High cellular oil content (~50% of dry weight) • High photosynthetic efficiency (10~20%)• Excellent CO 2 capture and sequestration capability• Water requirement: less than 1/40 of land plants and thrive in saline/brackish/waste water

• Land requirement: desert and arid lands

UOP 5166-19

91

1.2 %

pending

59

4%

18

181.5

0.9383

Algae Oil #3

pending

<0.1%

47

1.7

499

11.0

1.8

pending

Algae Oil #2

2

16 ppm

3

<1

482

11.0

0.31

0.9169

Algae Oil #1

2

2

3

2

500

11.2

1.2

.915

Palm Oil

<.1

11

<1

<1

150

11.3

.04

.92

Soybean Oil

Chloride,ppm

Nitrogen

Sulfur,ppm

Metals (Na+Ca+K+Mg+Al),ppm

Water,ppm

% oxygen

TAN

Density

Property

91

1.2 %

pending

59

4%

18

181.5

0.9383

Algae Oil #3

pending

<0.1%

47

1.7

499

11.0

1.8

pending

Algae Oil #2

2

16 ppm

3

<1

482

11.0

0.31

0.9169

Algae Oil #1

2

2

3

2

500

11.2

1.2

.915

Palm Oil

<.1

11

<1

<1

150

11.3

.04

.92

Soybean Oil

Chloride,ppm

Nitrogen

Sulfur,ppm

Metals (Na+Ca+K+Mg+Al),ppm

Water,ppm

% oxygen

TAN

Density

Property

�3 samples of varying quality analyzed

�Sample 3 highly contaminated

�Processing:

–Deoxygenationfollowed by

– Isomerizationand/or

–Cracking

�100% DeOxygenation achieved

�Substantially similar composition to deoxygenated natural oils

�Comparable DeOxy yields to palm

�Readily isomerizable to Green Diesel 1.9

48.4

0.5

39.8

0.3

4.4

<0.1

3.3

<0.1

1.3

Algal Oil #1 Product (Mass %)

5.7

29.8

2.3

30.0

2.1

12.8

1.7

12.3

1.1

2.1

Algal Oil #2 Product

(Mass %)

2.1

54.7

2.2

29.2

1.0

6.6

0.1

3.2

<0.1

0.9

Typical Product

(mass %)

C18 iso

C17 n

>C18

C18 n

C17 iso

C16 n

C16 iso

C15 n

C15 iso

<C15

Component

1.9

48.4

0.5

39.8

0.3

4.4

<0.1

3.3

<0.1

1.3

Algal Oil #1 Product (Mass %)

5.7

29.8

2.3

30.0

2.1

12.8

1.7

12.3

1.1

2.1

Algal Oil #2 Product

(Mass %)

2.1

54.7

2.2

29.2

1.0

6.6

0.1

3.2

<0.1

0.9

Typical Product

(mass %)

C18 iso

C17 n

>C18

C18 n

C17 iso

C16 n

C16 iso

C15 n

C15 iso

<C15

Component

Raw Algal Samples

Deoxygenated Samples

UOP 5166-21

Summary� Renewables are going to make up an increasing

share of the future fuels pool

– Multitude of bioprocessing approaches possible

– Fungible biofuels are here

� First generation biofuels, though raw material limi ted, are an important first step to creating a biofuels infr astructure

� Second generation feedstocks, cellulosic waste and algal oils, have the potential to make significant contri butions

� Envergent Technologies: – Pyrolysis Oil Renewable Energy technology available

today– Developing technology for 2 nd Generation green fuels

� Algal oils successfully converted to specification green fuels in UOP Labs

UOP 5166-23

UOP 5166-24

claudio.bertelli@uop.com

+39 335 7569888

MUCHAS GRACIAS