C1a 3 Crude oilC1a 3 Crude oil

Burning fuels and cleaner Burning fuels and cleaner fuelsfuels

Learning objectivesLearning objectives

Understand what is produced when Understand what is produced when fuels burnfuels burn

Know what can be done to reduce Know what can be done to reduce the problemthe problem

Fuel gas

Petrol / gasoline

Naphtha

Paraffin / Kerosine

Diesel fuel

Fuel and lubricating oil

Bitumen

Burned in the refinery to fuel the distillation process, sold as LPG, purified and sold as bottled camping gas

Fuel for cars and motorcycles, also used to make chemicals.

Used to make chemicals.

Fuel for greenhouse heaters and jet engines, manufacture of chemicals.

Fuel for lorries, trains.

Fuel for the heating systems of large buildings, fuel for ships, lubricating oil.

Roofing, and road surfaces.

Fractions of crude oilFractions of crude oil

Burning fuelsBurning fuels

Burning – chemical reaction of Burning – chemical reaction of combustioncombustion Fuel reacts with oxygenFuel reacts with oxygen

Chemical reaction – new productsChemical reaction – new products

Is this a balanced reaction?Is this a balanced reaction? Complete combustionComplete combustion

propane + oxygen water + carbon dioxide

C3H8 + O2 H2O + CO2

Burning hydrocarbons Burning hydrocarbons

any hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon dioxide

Suctionpump

Candle wax is thehydrocarbon here

ice-water

Liquid collectedcan be tested withanhydrous cobalt chloride

paper (bluepink).

Lime water

Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect1.1. Sun’s rays enter Sun’s rays enter

the Earth’s the Earth’s atmosphere atmosphere

2.2. Heat is reflected Heat is reflected back from the back from the Earth’s surface Earth’s surface

3.3. Heat is absorbed Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide by carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) (greenhouse gas) and as a result and as a result becomes trapped becomes trapped in the Earth’s in the Earth’s atmosphere atmosphere

4.4. The Earth becomes The Earth becomes hotter as a result hotter as a result

Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide

Not just hydrocarbonsNot just hydrocarbons

Crude oil also contains impuritiesCrude oil also contains impurities Can cause problemsCan cause problems

Sulphur (sulfur)Sulphur (sulfur) Reacts with oxygen – sulphur dioxideReacts with oxygen – sulphur dioxide

Poisonous gasPoisonous gas Acidic (acid rain)Acidic (acid rain) Damages enginesDamages engines

Other problemsOther problems

Incomplete combustion – not enough Incomplete combustion – not enough oxygenoxygen Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide Poisonous gasPoisonous gas Stops red blood cells carrying oxygenStops red blood cells carrying oxygen

High temp – nitrogen and oxygen react High temp – nitrogen and oxygen react togethertogether Nitrogen oxidesNitrogen oxides Poisonous gases (acid rain)Poisonous gases (acid rain) Health problems (asthma)Health problems (asthma)

ParticulatesParticulates

Diesel engines – burn Diesel engines – burn bigger hydrocarbonsbigger hydrocarbons Don’t always completely Don’t always completely

burnburn Un-burnt hydrocarbons Un-burnt hydrocarbons

react with oxygenreact with oxygen Particles found in air in Particles found in air in

towns and citiestowns and cities Unknown affect on healthUnknown affect on health

Global DimmingGlobal Dimming

Cleaning up our actCleaning up our act

Reduce gases – catalytic convertorReduce gases – catalytic convertor Gases travel over transition metalsGases travel over transition metals Gases reactGases react

Power stations react gases with Power stations react gases with quicklimequicklime Flue gas desulphurisationFlue gas desulphurisation

Carbon monoxide + nitrogen oxides carbon dioxide + nitrogen

Key pointsKey points

Combustion of hydrocarbons in air Combustion of hydrocarbons in air produces carbon dioxide and waterproduces carbon dioxide and water

Burn in different conditions = Burn in different conditions = different productsdifferent products

Crude oil may contain impurities Crude oil may contain impurities that have negative effectsthat have negative effects

Gases released can be treated to Gases released can be treated to reduce harmful effectsreduce harmful effects