Conversion of Biofeedstocksto Green Fuels and Power
Conversion of Biofeedstocksto Green Fuels and Power
Mr. Claudio BertelliSales Manager
UOP LLC
Mr. Claudio BertelliSales Manager
UOP LLC
BIO2009 IV Seminario Latinoamericano y del Caribe de BiocombustiblesApril 28-30, 2009Cali, Colombia
© 2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP 5172-01
Agenda
� Introduction & Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:
– Process– Life Cycle Analysis
�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight
�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery
UOP 5106-02
UOP Overview
• Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries.
• UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the world’s gasoline; 85% of the world’s biodegradable detergents; 60% of the world’s para -xylene.
• 3400 employees worldwide.• 2008 Financials: $1.9 billion in sales. • Strong relationships with leading refining and
petrochemical customers worldwide.• UOP’s innovations enabled lead removal from
gasoline, the production of biodegradable detergents, the first commercial catalytic converter for automobiles.
Biofuels: Next in a Series of Sustainable Solutions
2003 National Medal of Technology Recipient
UOP 5166-02
Biofuels: A Quickly Changing Landscape
� All biofuels are good
� More, faster
� No criteria to measure impact of adopting biofuels
� Availability of “inexpensive” bio feedstocks
� Government mandates and incentives favor ethanol and biodiesel
� Not all biofuels are good
� Measured biofueladoption
� Utilization of LCA analysis to “qualify”: link to GHG, energy, sustainability
� Bio feedstocks tracking energy prices
� Government mandates and incentives increasingly technology neutral
� Emphasis on “real”biofuels
2007
� Emphasis on life cycle analysis as a way of measuring “sustainability”
� Ensure technology is feedstock flexible
� Focus on 2 nd
generation technologies
� Create partnerships between feedstock suppliers and fuel producers
Increasing Awareness of Impact
2008 UOP Position
UOP 5166-03
UOP Renewables Vision• Building on UOP technology and expertise• Produce real fuels instead of fuel additives/blends• Leverage existing refining, transportation, energy, biomass handling
infrastructure to lower capital costs, minimize val ue chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk.
• Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks & chemicals
Other Oils: Camelina, Jatropha
Lignocellulosic biomass,algal oils
Second Generation
Oxygenated Biofuels
BiodieselEthanol
Hydrocarbon Biofuels
JetDiesel Gasoline
FirstGeneration
Natural oils fromvegetables and
greases
UOP 5149-05
Fuel & Power
Fuel & Power
Renewable Energy
Biofuels Overview: Technology Pathways
Current biofuel market based on sugars & oils. Use brid ging feedstocks to get to 2 nd Gen feeds – Algae & Lignocellulosics
Transesterification
Enzyme Conversion
Fermentation
C6 Sugars
Dehydration
Acid or Enzyme Hydrolysis
Gasification
Pyrolysis/ThermalDepolymerization
Lights
CO2
Feedstocks Products
Syngas
Direct Conversion
H2O
FCC
Hydrotreating
Bio-oilHydrotreating
FischerTropsch
-
Alcohol Synthesis
Distiller’s Grain
Glycerine
Starches
Natural Oils
GreenGasoline
Ethanol
FAME or FAEE
GreenDiesel/Jet
C5 / C6Sugars
Co-Feed
Lignin, Cellulose& Hemicellulose
Sugars
2nd Gen Feeds(Jatropha,
Camelina & Algal )
UOP 5149-06
RenewableEnergy
= UOP Areas
Agenda
UOP 5106-05
�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:
– Process – Life Cycle Analysis
�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight
�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery
Renewable Diesel Options
3 Options Currently Available
Feedstocks
� Palm Oil
� Rapeseed
� Soybean
� Tallow
� Algal Oils
� Jatropha
Biodiesel(FAME)
Ecofining
(Stand-alone Hydroprocessing/Isomerization)
Co-ProcessedHydroprocessing
UOP 5106-06
Natural Oil/ Grease
+ Glycerol
Biodiesel (FAME) Green Diesel
+ Propane
HydrogenMethanol
BaselineGoodBaselineLubricity
Baseline
40-543
<100.84
0
Petroleum ULSD
70-9050-65Cetane
BaselineGood/PoorStability
0.780.88Specific Gravity<1<1Sulfur content, ppm4438Heating Value MJ/kg
011Oxygen Content, %
-30 to -10-5 to +15 Cloud Point, °C
Green DieselBiodiesel (FAME)
UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process to Produce Green DieselPreferred Bio Derived Diesel of ACEA
Green Diesel vs. Biodiesel (FAME)
UOP 5166-11
Ecofining Feed Source OptionsFlexibility
� Ecofining is applicable to a wide variety of feed-stocks (vegetable & animal)
� Works with 2 nd generation feed-stocks such as algae and inedible oils such as jatropha
Processability
� More saturated feed-stocks improve economics
� Green diesel product properties are almost independent of feed-stock source
Vol% 1st Stage Straight Chain Paraffin Yields
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0
Hours On Stream
Vol
% Y
ield
JatrophaSoybeanPartially HT soybeanFully HT soybeanTallowCanolaTallow 2Palm OilTallow 3Tall OilTallow 4
UOP 5106-08Feedstock Flexibility Enhances Profitability
Canola/
Rapes
eed
Soybea
nPalm
Jatro
pha
Tallow
Algal
Relative Hydrogen Consumption
Green Diesel Life Cycle Analysis –CO2 Emissions
Green diesel is a sustainable option for biofuels. Greater than 50% GHG reduction saving is possible
Petroleum D
iesel
Ft from C
oal
Ft from N
G
SBO Biodiesel
SBO GD
RSO Biodiesel
RSO GD
PO Biodiesel
PO Biodiesel w
/BC
PO GD
PO GD w
/BC
Tallow B
iodiesel
Tallow G
D
Jathropha Biodiesel
Jathropha GD
End UseTransportationFuel ProductionOil ProductionCultivation
250
200
150
100
50
0
g C
O2
eq./M
J
50% of Petro-diesel value
DOE Methodology
FT = Fischer TropschNG = Natural GasSBO = Soybean OilGD = Green DieselRSO = Rapeseed OilPO = Palm OilBC = Biogas Capture
UOP Confidential
Agenda
UOP 5106-15
�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:
– Process Improvements– Life Cycle Analysis
�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight
�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery
UOP Green Jet Fuel Program
Deoxygenating/Isomerization
Deoxygenating/Isomerization
GreenDieselGreenDiesel
GreenJet
GreenJet
Natural Oil/ Grease
� U.S. government-funded project to develop process technology to produce military jet fuel (JP-8) from renewable sources
� Process is feedstock flexible and second-generation feedstock “ready”
� Fuel meets stringent requirements for flash point, cold temperature performance, etc.
� Extend to commercial aircraft in partnership with flight demonstration partners
– Generate sufficient data to enable certification
– Demonstrate process scalability– Fast track commercialization
Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/
Isomerization
Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/
Isomerization
Natural Oil/ Grease
DARPA Project Partners
Built on Ecofining Technology
UOP 5166-12
Target Commercializationby mid 2009
Completed Flight Demonstrations
� Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date: December 30 2008
Feedstock: Jatropha oil
Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil
� Successful CAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009
Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil
� Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009
UOP 5149-12
Key Properties of Green Jet
<0.0<0.0<0.0max 15Sulfur, ppm
3.513.333.66max 8.0Viscosity, -20 deg C, mm2/sec
44.244.044.3min 42.8Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg
1.0<11.0< 3Tube Deposit Less Than
0.20.00.0max 25Filter dP, mmHg
JFTOT@300oC
-54.5-63.5-57.0Max -47Freezing Point, oC
41.042.046.5Min 38Flash Point, TCC, oC
Description
Jatropha/ Algae
Derived SPK
Camelina Derived
SPK
Jatropha Derived
SPKJet A-1 Specs
Production Viability DemonstratedFuel Samples from Different Sources Meet
Key PropertiesUOP 5166-14
Agenda
UOP 5106-18
�Context�UOP/ENI Ecofining TM Process:
– Process Improvements– Life Cycle Analysis
�Aviation Fuels:– Green Jet Process – Test Flight
�2nd Generation Feedstocks– UOP/Ensyn JV– Algal Biorefinery
Increases Availability, Reduces Feedstock CostTechnology Breakthroughs Required
MB
PD
0
10
20
Global
30
40
50US
0
2
4
6
8
10
Current Potential
Liquid Transport FuelsGasolineDieselCellulosic Waste
12
14
MB
PD
Liquid Transport FuelsGasolineDieselCellulosic Waste
Current PotentialSource: Purvin & Gertz /Eric Larsen: Energy for Sustainable Development, 2000
Oils Productivity
142842
0
5670
Gal
lons
per
acr
e
100200
500400300
0
Source: Fulton et. al
Soybean Caster bean
Sun-flowerseed
Rape-seed
Jatropha Palm
Mill
ion
BT
U/a
cre
� Cellulosic waste could make a significant contribution to liquid transportation pool.
� Algal Oils could enable oils route to biodiesel, Green Diesel and Green Jet.
≈
3500
≈
Algae
455
Enablers for a SustainableBiomass Infrastructure
UOP 5166-07
UOP / Ensyn Joint Venture
� Announced September 2008
� Pyrolysis Oil technology for fuel oil substitution & electricity generation now available
� JV becomes channel for UOP R&D results on upgrading pyrolysis oil to transport fuels
� Core competence in engineering and technology scale-up
� Co-inventor of Fluidised Catalytic Cracking (FCC) technology
� Modular process unit supplier
� Leader in fundamental catalyst and process development (Upgrading)
2nd Gen Renewable Energy Company – Global Reach
� ~20 years of commercial fast pyrolysis operating experience in food industry
� Developers of innovative RTP fast pyrolysis process
� 8 commercial RTP units designed for food application
� Now applying technology to fuel oil and energy
UOP 5149-15
Pyrolysis Oil to Fuels
Phased Demonstration & Commercialization
Heat Recycle
�Liquify biomass�Create pyrolysis oil
�Dry to ~5% moisture�Grind to fine particle
Ready for D
emonstration
3 Years to C
omplete R
&D
BiomassPreparation
FastPyrolysis
ElectricityProduction
Fuel OilSubstitution
Transport Fuels(Gasoline, Jet
Diesel)
Chemicals(Resins, BTX)
UOP 5106-20
Refinery
P P
P P
P P
Pyrolysis Oil
Solid Biomass
� 510°C, <2 secs� Biomass converted to
liquid pyrolysis oil� Fast fluidized bed, sand
as heat carrier� High yields; >70 wt%
liquid on woody biomass
� Light gas and char by-product provide heat to dry feed and operate unit
Rapid Thermal Process (RTP TM) Technology
UOP 5149-17
Proven Technology, full scale designs available
Pyrolysis Oil Applications
Early Applications Proven. A GHG Emission Reduction Solution for Industrial Sites
FuelBurner
GasTurbine
DieselEngine
Heat
ElectricityCHP
GreenGasoline,
GreenDiesel &
Green Jet
FischerTropsch
SyngasGasification
UOPUpgrading
Technology
RTPUnit
UOP 5149-20
• Current Applications• Emerging Applications
Renewable Fuels from Algae
Source: Q. Hu,
• High cellular oil content (~50% of dry weight) • High photosynthetic efficiency (10~20%)• Excellent CO 2 capture and sequestration capability• Water requirement: less than 1/40 of land plants and thrive in saline/brackish/waste water
• Land requirement: desert and arid lands
UOP 5166-19
91
1.2 %
pending
59
4%
18
181.5
0.9383
Algae Oil #3
pending
<0.1%
47
1.7
499
11.0
1.8
pending
Algae Oil #2
2
16 ppm
3
<1
482
11.0
0.31
0.9169
Algae Oil #1
2
2
3
2
500
11.2
1.2
.915
Palm Oil
<.1
11
<1
<1
150
11.3
.04
.92
Soybean Oil
Chloride,ppm
Nitrogen
Sulfur,ppm
Metals (Na+Ca+K+Mg+Al),ppm
Water,ppm
% oxygen
TAN
Density
Property
91
1.2 %
pending
59
4%
18
181.5
0.9383
Algae Oil #3
pending
<0.1%
47
1.7
499
11.0
1.8
pending
Algae Oil #2
2
16 ppm
3
<1
482
11.0
0.31
0.9169
Algae Oil #1
2
2
3
2
500
11.2
1.2
.915
Palm Oil
<.1
11
<1
<1
150
11.3
.04
.92
Soybean Oil
Chloride,ppm
Nitrogen
Sulfur,ppm
Metals (Na+Ca+K+Mg+Al),ppm
Water,ppm
% oxygen
TAN
Density
Property
�3 samples of varying quality analyzed
�Sample 3 highly contaminated
�Processing:
–Deoxygenationfollowed by
– Isomerizationand/or
–Cracking
�100% DeOxygenation achieved
�Substantially similar composition to deoxygenated natural oils
�Comparable DeOxy yields to palm
�Readily isomerizable to Green Diesel 1.9
48.4
0.5
39.8
0.3
4.4
<0.1
3.3
<0.1
1.3
Algal Oil #1 Product (Mass %)
5.7
29.8
2.3
30.0
2.1
12.8
1.7
12.3
1.1
2.1
Algal Oil #2 Product
(Mass %)
2.1
54.7
2.2
29.2
1.0
6.6
0.1
3.2
<0.1
0.9
Typical Product
(mass %)
C18 iso
C17 n
>C18
C18 n
C17 iso
C16 n
C16 iso
C15 n
C15 iso
<C15
Component
1.9
48.4
0.5
39.8
0.3
4.4
<0.1
3.3
<0.1
1.3
Algal Oil #1 Product (Mass %)
5.7
29.8
2.3
30.0
2.1
12.8
1.7
12.3
1.1
2.1
Algal Oil #2 Product
(Mass %)
2.1
54.7
2.2
29.2
1.0
6.6
0.1
3.2
<0.1
0.9
Typical Product
(mass %)
C18 iso
C17 n
>C18
C18 n
C17 iso
C16 n
C16 iso
C15 n
C15 iso
<C15
Component
Raw Algal Samples
Deoxygenated Samples
UOP 5166-21
Summary� Renewables are going to make up an increasing
share of the future fuels pool
– Multitude of bioprocessing approaches possible
– Fungible biofuels are here
� First generation biofuels, though raw material limi ted, are an important first step to creating a biofuels infr astructure
� Second generation feedstocks, cellulosic waste and algal oils, have the potential to make significant contri butions
� Envergent Technologies: – Pyrolysis Oil Renewable Energy technology available
today– Developing technology for 2 nd Generation green fuels
� Algal oils successfully converted to specification green fuels in UOP Labs
UOP 5166-23