computer based management information system

8/20/2019 Computer Based Management Information System

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TITLE PAGE

COMPUTER BASED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

(A CASE STUDY OF IMT ENUGU STATE)

BY

OZUZU CHIKERE GIFT

05E/0242/CS

AND

OKORONKWO MICHEAL O.

05E/024/CS

A PRO!ECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE" SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE RE#UIREMENTS FOR

THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER

SCIENCE OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NEKEDE OWERRI


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AUGUST" 200$.


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APPRO%AL PAGE

This is to certify that this project was carried out through combine

efforts and under the laid down procedures of supervision of

the computer science department.

&&&&&&&&&&&. &&&&&&&&..

DR. O.I UGWU DATE

SUPER%ISOR/COORDINATOR

&&&&&&&&&&&. &&&&&&&&.

DR. O.I UGWU DATE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

&&&&&&&&&&&. &&&&&&&&..

E'TERNAL E'AMINER DATE


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DEDICATION

This project work is dedicated to Almighty God.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our thanks to our parents Mr. Mrs.

!koronkwo and Mr. Mrs. !"u"u for their support both morally

and finally throughout our studies.

!ur thanks also go to our supervisor #r. !. $gwu for his

closely supervision in making this research work a success. To

all the lecturers in computer science department for their

possible best to impart defined knowledge to us.

%inally& but not too apologetically& ' appreciate the help rendered

by Miss (ita who type and made valuable suggestion. ' say a

big thanks to you all and God bless.


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ABSTRACT

An abstract of computer based management information system

for institute of management and technology 'MT )nugu.

*y O C*+,-- G+ 13 O,, M+6*-17 O. The

information system was to the organi"ation as what the

nervous system was to the body. An organi"ation cannot

function without information. A lack of information or a lack of

good information may seriously impair the effectiveness of an

organi"ation. With this in mind& ' started off the design

package. 't features can elaborate software package that is

designed to simplify matters for package for the user by

assisting him in providing information for decision making.

+omputer based information system accept ,as input- store in

a data base- and display ,as output- strings of symbols that are

grouped in various ways. 't contains messages or knowledge

that aids the user in making a decision.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

#edication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

ist of table

ist of figure

Table of contents

+/A0T)( !1)

2.2 'ntroduction

2.3 4tatement of the problem

2.5 !bjective of the study

2.6 #elimitation of the study

2.7 imitation of the study

2.8 #efinition of terms

2.9 Assumption of the study

2.: 'mportance of the study

2.; !rgani"ation of study


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+/A0T)( TW!

(eview of related literature

3.2 'ntroduction

3.3 (ole of information in decision making

3.5 The basic information system model

3.6 #ecision making

3.7 )lement of decision making and decision making problem

3.8 #ecision making under certainty

3.9 #ecision making under risk and uncertainty

3.: Application of the decision making process.

3.; +ondition of comparative advantages for computer

processing

3.2< 0rocessing tasks

3.22 Model of computer data processing

+/A0T)( T/())

5.2 'ntroduction

5.3 (esearch instrument=techni>ues

5.5 4ystem analysis of existing system

5.6 0roposed system

5.7 4ystem re>uirement


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5.8 4ystem design

5.9 'nput specification

5.: !utput

5.; %low chart

+/A0T)( %!$(

6.2 'ntroduction

6.3 4ystem objective

6.5 4ystem testing

6.6 4ystem validation

6.7 4taff training

6.8 +hange over

6.9 Maintenance and system upgrade

6.: 4ystem implication

+/A0T)( %'?)

7.< 4ummary& +onclusion and (ecommendations

7.2 4ummary of findings

7.3 +onclusion and (ecommendations

7.5 4uggestion for further research

(eferences

*ibliography


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Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

. INTRODUCTION

This project is design to provide the essential information in the

best possible way for the reader to understand the numerous

problems facing the management as a system and also how best

the problems will be tacked using an automated system or a

computeri"ed system. 4ome of these problems which have

attracted the attention of the management and that of the public

are& the availability of information& the pattern of keeping files& the

way in which desired files are retrieved& the speed at which the

decision making process is achieved etc. The accuracy& standard&

completeness and presentation of information are not left out.

.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem has been largely& the pattern of keeping many files

that are confidential to the management. Thus the way these files

are kept& makes it appear cumbersome and difficulties to sort out a

particular file when the need arises. *esides a certain fields


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contains in a particular record of file is usually repeated in another

file or record.

%urthermore& other problems observed are the timeless an on

going physical operation like& the computation of the student final

+.G.0.A at the end of the academic year& also it may take a great

deal of time to accomplish the sorting out of a particular file that

needed to be process& thus as a result& it slow down the speed of

decision making process. 'n most cases& however the files are

found not be accurate and comprehensive. 4econdly the file might

be presented in a manner not meaningful to the decision to be

made.

.8 OB!ECTI%ES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to see how the major problems of the

management are solved or tackled with information technology.

Thus& ensure that.

i. The need of information planning write& periodically

ensure that there is no over staffing in areas of

speciali"ation within a giving discipline.


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ii. There is need to access the workload on academic

staffing order& so as to ensure the staff=students interest

and also to ensure that& the 1*T) guidelines in resources

allocations are met.

iii. 0articipation in the budget revival and recommendation&

preparation of the academic benefit for the section and

also development plans are seriously forwarded.

.4 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The conclusion will be drawn back on the information and data

processed and analy"ed from the research hypothesis.

.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

'n carrying out this study& ' cover department in the institutes of

management and technology ,'MT- )nugu.

' encountered a lot of difficulties with the workers who where to

respond to my >uestionnaires that base on my research.

.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS


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FLOW CHART: This is a graphical representation of information in

which symbols are used to show the se>uence of operation& data

flow and what the flow represent with respect.

SYSTEM: This is the combination of elements their attributes and

their interrelationship which is organi"ed in order to achieved a

common objectives or goals.

SOFTWARE: This is a set of instruction given to a is computer

which enable it to process a particular task.

.; ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

The following assumptions are made for the purpose of the

research work.

i. 't was ensure that the benefit of computer base in

organi"ation of 'MT is the same in other polytechnics.

ii. The staff member in the institute are generally like other

staff member in other polytechnics

.$ THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study automate the following below


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a. To coordinate academic programmes for national

development plan.

b. To ensure on time availability of information

c. To ensure accuracy in +.G.0.A computation

d. To ensure also +.G.0.A is computer automatically.

e. To ensure timeliness and completeness of information.

.< ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This project work is divided into five chapters& chapter one& deals

on the introduction& which comprises statement of the problems&

research hypothesis& delimitation& limitation& definition of term&

assumption of the study and the importance of the study. +hapter

two is centered on review of the related interactive. +hapter three

deals with the design of the study& the representation and analysis

of data are part of what we will discuss in chapter four and finally&

chapter five deals with the summary or finding& conclusion and

recommendation base on the research work.


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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 RE%IEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2. INTRODUCTION

'nformation is data placed in a meaningful and useful context for

an end user& on the other hand information system is a collection

of people& procedures and resources that collects& transforms and

disseminates information in an organi"ation. 't provides the

structure& technology and the flexibility to enhance the users ability

to except information and takes decision. Thus& it is an important

problem solving techni>ue for defining and analy"ing a system.

2.2 ROLE OF INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING

!ne of the roles is that& it supports decision@making. +omputer

based planning information system should provides planning and

control information that is been processed and analy"ed in a way

that support the management decision process. 't is obvious that

computer cannot perform everything that human beings can do&

but human beings can do anything computation can do. *ut it is

just that computer can do it in such a speed that computer can do


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it in such a speed that human beings cannot be able to do it. Thus&

computer is characteri"ed as a moronic assistant that only work

when instructed. 1evertheless& computer only do what it is

instructed and these destruction will have to be executed strictly

base only some certain condition relating to what action should be

perform. Moreover& there are some occasions that a computer

capability exceeds that of human beings. Thus& human beings

have some intensive advantages over a computer. 'n this case&

information processing system suggests that in designing a

system. Man and computer should be considered. /ence a man

machine system& in which each is assigned the most appropriate

and acceptable role& should be designed.

The table below table 3.2 is a comparison of computer and human

beings in performing information processing tasks.

(eason for comparison Man +omputer

4peed of execution 4low )xtremely fact

The ability to continue

processing data over an

extended period

0oor ?ery good

Ability to remember&

recall and retrieve

information

'naccurately Accurately


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Accuracy at doing work Make errors #oes not make

mistakes

Ability to consistently

follow instruction

$nperfect 0erfect.

Ability to innovate in new

situation

Good +annot

Ability to learn by trial

and error

Good +annot

+onvectively Good +annot

%rom the table above& manBs rate of data processing is slow or

poor. /is ability in data processing is slow and completely

inaccurate sometimes. *ut man has two advantage& namely& to

innovate and to reasons historically. The ability to innovate and

adapt means that his set of instruction does not have to anticipate

everything that could happen just because& he can relate the new

situation to old ones and then make his decision and execute a

new procedure or task immediately. Man can reason historically in

the sense that he can learn by trial and error and as well make

discovery. Thus his reasoning is not in a step@by@step way. This will

enable him search a conclusion based on trial and error method.


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guide the organi"ation. The analysis and development of

specification should be involve both a system analyst and the

people who will use the information. 'nformation is mostly used for

decision making. This it can be said to be a knowledge or

message that enable the recipient to make and=or improve the

making of a decision in order to enable the organi"ation achieve

their goals& below is a diagram showing how information

processing system plays a great role in decision making

#iagram 3.2

HOW INFORMATION HELP IN DECISION MAKING

%rom the above diagram& it is obvious that the decision@making

planning and control by the management can be done from the

information processing system. The information processing system

is all about transforming input ,data- into output ,information-. The

programming system needs data previously collected and stored

and current data to able to carryout it processing activities when


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data is added& the processing function includes not only the

transformation of data but will also store the outcome of the newly

processed data for further use. %rom the output of processed data&

computer base information system should be able to provides

planning and control information in such a way that it will support

the decision process of a management or an organi"ation. The

present of information system ' an organi"ation have increased

drastically as the world becomes more complex and dynamic. This

as a result& has made competent managers or managing director

to reawaking their working condition or procedure to enable them

adjust more >uickly with the rapid changes of their envious. Thus

the computer is of great importance and an be of great assistance

in speeding processing and analysis of data to creation information

that management can used to achieve their decision making

objectives. The misuse of the powerful tool computer

management& their information system and=or procession staff is

as a result of not knowing how this computer can be use

effectively to help in data processing and information system

function and the need the this project.


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/istorically& reporting to management has been on annual basis

processing has been largely in the batch made after the close it an

operating cycle or an accounting period. At the point transaction

were processed all file may be updated which the conditions of the

management or organi"ation will determine the long the of time

re>uired for them which may be as a result of their operating

system. *elow show how information system get data retrieve

store processed the data and gives transform data or output.

2.4 DECISION MAKING

'n the previous heading& we have talked about the rule of

information in decision@making. 'n this heading& we will talk about

the decision@making and the process of making the decision

/enry %ayol ,266;- and yndau $rwrweh ,2;73- considered

decision making in relation to its impact on delegation and

#ata store

'nput data 0rocessing !utput ortransformed data


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authority while %redrick 1. Taylor only allowed to scientific

methods are an approach to decision makingC. There is no

constitution what solver that should be consulted before a decision

is made. This decision@making consciously or unconsciously

contains general guidelines. When making decision besides& this

general guideline and=or process the decision@making follows are

what we look into

*elow are difference types of decision processes or phases that

leads to proper decision making.

i. #efinition of problems

ii. Analysis of the problems

iii. #eveloping alternative solution to the problems

iv. #ecision the best solution for the problem among all the

problem solution.

v. 'mplementing the decision via effective action that will

lead to solving the problem.

%rom the first& the problem should be defined. Dnowing the cause

and=or the source of a problem is one way of solving it. 1ot

withstanding& its not that easy to differentiate the problem from its

solution. The decision@making must consider this first. %or


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a to a tentative solution for the problem using both indicative and

deductive resourcing. The selection of a decision is the making of

a choice between two or more alternative. That is to say that& it will

be unusual for a manager to have only one alternative solution for

a problem& where this occurs. 't will be assumed that manager is

not making a decision but following rules. The problem of a

manager should be that of selecting one alternative solution form

many.

2.5 DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS

The decision@making problems are of two kinds& namely

i. #ecision making under certainty

ii. #ecision making under uncertainty and risk

2.5. DECISION MAKING UNDER CERTAINTY

0roblem here are called structured problem. This is because& the

decision maker is able to define the problem& the alternative& the

probabilities ,either objectively or subjectively-& the evaluation

techni>ue and finally corrival at a decision. This kind of decision@


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making is usually referred to as programmed or routine decision

making.

2.5.2 DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK AND UNCERTAINTY

They is called unstructured non@programmed or non@routine

decision@making. #ecision making here& is complex an use at

highest ,top- level in the hierarchy of a management. The absence

of one or more of many parameters of decision@making ,such as

utility functions s>ueegees& events- will hamper proper decision@

making.

2.9 APPLICATION OF THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS

'n applying decision@making process& the manager may act as an

analysis decision maker as a sentimental decision maker

,personal for sentiment for evaluation in organi"ation and feelings-.

Whether a manager will tend to be analytic or not will& will strictly

depend on the factors below.

i. The environments that triggers the decision making

process. ,*oth internal and external-.

ii. The anatomy of the decision maker


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iii. The impact of the decision

iv. The personality of the decision maker

Generally& analytic decision@making tends to more appropriate for

problems that are created with a stable environment. The reason

for this is that in such more time are created with a stable

environment situation the decision maker has more time tend more

opportunity to gather and evaluate enough information and to use

formal analytical methods.

2.; CONDITIONS OF COMPARATI%E AD%ANTAGE FOR

COMPUTER PROCESSING

The only alternative to computer processing ,automatic- is manual

processing. )ach of these methods has its merits and demerits.

Therefore& an understanding of demerits and merits of each is

useful in deciding the data processing method. /ence the table

below which has factors to be considered and the comparative

advantages of the difference processing methods.

F16= E>?711+ C@?11+-=

4et up The time re>uired to

get ready for

processing

(anking

i. Manual

ii. Machine


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iii. +omputer

iv. 0unch card

%lexibility and

variability

)ase of change in

processing

procedures and

landing unusual

conditions

i. Manual

ii. Machine

iii. 0unch card

iv. +omputer

+omplexity of

processing

The ease with which

system can handy

complexes logic

i. +omputer

ii. Manual

iii. 0unch

iv. 0unch card

v. Machine

4peed of processing The time re>uired

for processing

i. +omputer

ii. 0unch card

iii. Machine

iv. Manual

Work lead respond The ease with which

the processing

method adapts to

change volume of

transactions

i. +omputer

ii. 0unched

card

iii. Manual

iv. Machine

Accuracy (ate of error

expectancy random

i. +omputer

ii. 0unch card


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errors difference to

create

iii. Machine

iv. Manual

2.$ DATA PROCESSING TASK

'n processing data=information& different methods are employed.

The processes of producing a schedule report in different form

from that of producing a special report which can a re>uest or

in>uiring. 'n the case of schedule report& ' think that data

re>uirement is known in advance. 'n the case re>uest or in>uiry&

the data re>uirement is not known.

'n carrying out the tasks of transaction processing& updating and

maintenance& report preparation and special analysis& the

processing system will engage in several activities such activities

are input activities& processing activities& output activities. All these

activities are all encapsulation in computer processing.

2.< MODES OF COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING

The mode of processing are of different type vi"

The processing periodically batches of data that have

accumulated.


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0rocessing immediately each transaction as it occurs.

The periodically processing is usually termed batch processing

while immediate processing is refer to as or often termed an line

processing because the input devices which are used for receiving

transaction are connected by communications lines to the

computer and data is processed immediately and not periodically.

These are many variation and combination of these two model of

data processing. A major factor affecting the mode of data

processing is the accessibility data. This has to do with the type of

storage media involve. This files or data can be occurs directly or

se>uentially.


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that actually re>uires his attention and permitted other staff

members of the institution to give attention to the research

personal where vital facts were re>uired.

O=-1+=: %rom observation& it was obvious that the worker

at the exams and records of the institution calculate the students

+G0A manually. The students +G0A are not properly calculated.

These omissions of scores just because not all the course are

recorded.

D6@-1 -+3-6-: the researcher inspected the

documentation of important document and the states of the

document were accustomed.

8.8 ANALYSIS OF THE E'ISTING SYSTEM

The director of exams and records planning assist the rector in the

institute wide planning& especially in academic financial and exam

matters. The director carries out duties like

i. General planning and co@ordination which involve

a. $nnecessary duplication of results

b. 0rogramme planning to fulfill the institution needs.

ii. 'nstitution planning and coordination which involved


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a. #efunction of the scope of each staff in the

department.

b. %acilities planning which involves

iii. %acilities planning which involves

a. 0reparation of academics briefs on the exams and

result of students

b. )nsuring that students result are available and on time.

+urrently& there are seven members of staff& which includes

i. Assistance chief executive officers ,)xams=record-

ii. 0lanning officer

iii. 4ecretary

iv. 4enior typist

a. Typist '

b. Typist ''

8.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

?irtually every educated person is aware of the wonders the

computer can perform. The computer has overtaking other method

through which things are done. /ence& this research work is aimed

at using the computer to calculate the +G0A of 1# ''' computer


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science students& with the software design from this research

work& calculating students +G0A will be done with ease& becomes

reliable more accurate& re>uire less human effort ,less staff

members involving in +G0A calculation- efficient and so on.

/owever& computeri"ed +G0A calculation will ensure that scores

is processed and output accurately without any +G0A calculation

error.

8.5 !USTIFICATION OF THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system ,+omputeri"ation of +G0A calculation- should be

able to perform the following

i. +alculate +G0A E

ii. 0roduce report and re>uired for management decision

making

iii. Maintain data integrity

iv. 0rovide a better and more durable means of gathering

information about the students


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v. 4torage capacity and capability The system will store

many data=information and produce information when the

need arise.

vi. The system will produce information accurately and at a

very high speed.

8.5. MAIN OB!ECTI%E OF THE SYSTEM

The new system will at least accomplish the following objectives

i. Give accurate +G0A of student in 1#''' in computer

science

ii. Maintain data integrity

iii. Give instant=feedback on the total member of students

who made from 3.7 up 6.<

iv. 0roduce a successful +G0A computation print for each

student.

8.9 SYSTEM RE#UIREMENTS

'n the system re>uirements of the system& we will talk about the

software and hardware re>uirement


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i. 4oftware re>uirement The software is divided into two

namely

a. !perating system software

b. Application software

%or this project& the re>uired operating system in window F0&

visual studio 3


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on the development of an entirely new system. The system will

have to be in such a way that its objectives will e achieved. The

system will have to be in such a way that its objectives will be

achieve.

The input re>uirement and expected output obtained to produce a

model of the system to be designed& later will look like and shown

below

8.;. INPUT SPECIFICATION

The main input device for design is the keyboard& scanner&

#?#=+# #river& light pen& and visual display unit.

8.;.2 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION

The output is the result of the processed input. The softcopy is

gotten from the visual display unit and the hardcopy is gotten from

the printer.


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Hes

1o

Hes

Hes

1o

4tart

)nter password

If passwor

d

chikere

0lease enter thecorrect password

4upply personal

information by filling theform

)nter the scores for the firstsemester courses

If scoresnumbers

0lease enternumeric values

+alculate the first year firstsemester +G0A

)nter the scores for the second year

second semester course

If scores

numbers0lease enter

numeric values

1o


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Hes

1o

Hes

Hes

1o

)nter the scores for the second

year first ssemester course

If scores

numbers0lease enter

numeric values

+alculate the +G0A second yearfirst semester courses

)nter the scores for the second yearsecond semester courses

If scoresnumbers

0lease enternumeric values

+alculate the +G0A for secondyear second semester courses

)nter the scores for the second yearsecond semester course

If scores

numbers0lease enter

numeric values

1o

+alculate the +G0A for first year second semester +G0A


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Hes

Hes

Hes

1o

+alculate the +G0A for secondyear second semester courses

)nter the scores for the third yearfirst semester courses

If scores

numbers0lease enter

numeric values

+alculate the +G0A for thirdyear first semester courses

)nter the scores for the third secondsemester courses

If scores

numbers 0lease enternumeric values

+alculate the +G0A for thirdyear second semester courses

4how the +G0A of a student

If you

want to

calculate

any CGPA

4top


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CHAPTER FOUR

IMPLEMENTATION AND SYSTEM SOFTWARE DE%ELOPMENT

4. INTRODUCTION

The system implementation and system software development has

to do with the writing of a computer program& test running the

program and implementing the program in other words changing

from the old system to the new system. The program is the system

software& thus is a set of written instruction that a programming

language will have to execute in order to achieve a desired

objective. The staff training& change over procedure system

maintenance and system upgrade& and the actual system

implementation re all encapsulated in this chapter. At the

implementation stage& the old system will be replaced with the new

one. The new system in designed to run in a computer& that meets

the system re>uirement and music posses about 7M* of free

memory space in the permanent storage device.

4.2 SYSTEM PROGRAM OB!ECTI%ES


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When developing the system software writing the program the

following objectives are to be pursued.

CLARITY: 'ts obvious that coding a program is very cumbersome.

The algorithm of a program appears to be less complex than the

coding of program itself. Thus& the coding should be done with

almost carefulness to enable its notification in the feature a

success. The system programming charity is of paramount

important to the programmes& as this will help him=her in designing

debugging and future upgrade of the system. Moreso& it will still be

helpful to others who will read the program and modify it in the

future. To achieve program clarity& the following should be

considered.

i. ogical separation of text into meaningful parts which

repeats the distinction between the subject described and

relationship between them.

ii. +ommenting the program gives room for more and more

understanding of the program syntax and the function of

each statement. E

iii. The program coding should be very simple and the choice

of syntax and statement also shouldnBt be left out.


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CAPABILITY: The program should be capable of solving the

programs of which its been design for. Thus& if the program

,software- is capable of solving the problem of which its been for&

that means that aim of the research work is defected.

CORRECTNESS: The correctness of the system program entails

how to meet the specification of the system is coded in such a way

that it will solve the particular task for which the program is written

for. Thus& the programmer must be mindful of act all tunes of the

correctness and ade>uacy of the program with respect to its

specified purpose. !ne of the key factors in achieving program

correctness is simplicity. Thus& when the algorithm is very simple&

though mistake will also occur but the programmer will easily trace

the mistake.

4.8 SYSTEM TESTING

At this level& it assumed that the system is due for implementation.

4o system testing is carried to ensure that the system is work

perfectly. 't involves going through the written program of the

system.


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%urthermore& testing a program is a process if executing a

program with an intention of finding& correcting and removing error&

testing the program involves checking the following

i. 4yntax error

ii. 4emantic error

iii. ogical error

iv. (untime error

8. DEBUGGING

A bug id an error message in either syntax or logical of a computer

program. #ebugging is the process of removing the bugs from a

computer program. 4o all the bugs ,error- are under bug and can

be handled in debugging.

4.4 SYSTEM %ALIDATION


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The system is tested to ascertain its validity. Thus the system input

is what should be checked to avoid error and this is done

during the program coding. #ata can be validated through

the following ways.

i. *efore input to the systemI this involves the actual proof

reading of data before keeping it into the computer& as

this will prevent errors that will make the system invalid.

ii. $ser input to the system What the user input to the

program ,software- should be checkedI this is to guide

against keying in invalid data type which will crash the

system software.

4.5 STAFF TRAINING


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Training the staff entails educating them on how best to use the

new system in order to by able to solve the problem at

stake. These training are strictly based on the complexity of

the system in >uestion& and the skills readily available.

1evertheless& the system software is designed for easy

understanding such that with or without any knowledge in

computer operation& one can still use it. Therefore& the

management should ensure that all the people involved in

the training are not dull brain.

To fasten the training and ensure effective understanding of

system software& the following below should be considered

been of paramount important.

i. 0rovision of handbook to the trainees and the

organi"ation

ii. !rgani"ing seminars for the staff involve

iii. !ther job training @ this is where the trainees learn as the

work and being supervised.

'n all the approaches& parallel approach is said to be the best and

more reliable just because


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a. 't reduces the risk of changing the system at once and

gives room for a good test of the new system.

b. 't makes provision for the standby of the old system&

should the new system fail or break down

c. 't makes provision for correction. 'n the new system& if

any.

4.9 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

The system implementation as to do with training and educating

the personnel& the final testing of the system re>uires that

all aprt of the system music work together& that is the

program ,software- and the other necessary components of

the system music sum together smoothly. #uring the

implementation& the programmer or system analyst music

be there to help plan for the new system to come. /e write

the program or develop the software understand the new

system and train the staff. To crown it all& the

implementation of the new system involves.

i. Testing of the new system

ii. Training of the new system


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iii. +hanging over the system

iv. (eview and maintenance of the system

4.; CHANGE O%ER PROCEDURE

+hange over to a new system involves four different methods or

approach namely

i. 0ilot approach

ii. 0hase approach

iii. 0arallel approach

iv. #irect approach

PILOT APPROACH: /ere& the system is timed in one section and

if its works properly then it will gradually implemented fully.

PHASE APPROACH: /ere& the implementation of the system is

done phase by phase ,part by part- if one part of the new

system perfectly replace the old one& then the best of the

system will be implemented.


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PARALLEL APPROACH: The parallel approach can be called

dual system way of operation. 'n the sense that& the new

system is operated along side with the old. This ensures

that the new system meets the standard of the already

existing old system and that since the new system will

perform more effectively the same work that can be done

with the old system& the old system will be become

obsolete.

DIRECT APPROACH: 'n this approach of change over the old

system discard and the new system takes over. This shows

the ultimate confidence in the designed new system and its

capability.

4.$ THE IMPLEMENTED


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4ystem should be take care of& to ensure its continuous use. The

system should periodically be maintained. After some time&

the system should be reviewed. (eviewing the system will

help the management determine whether the new system

has achieved its aim. 4o system upgrade is done after

system review. The management will decide whether they

want upgrade after system review. The upgrading of the

system involves modify the program and changing of some

system components and this is done by the system

analysis or programmers.


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CHAPTER FI%E

5.0 SUMMARY" CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

The research findings which come about as a result of the analysis

of the collected data the subse>uent test or formulated and

the formulated hypothesis carried out and it was discovered

that as long as there are many task to be done& the use of

computer is more appropriate computer is extremely faster

and accurate.

5.2 CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS


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The design of computer based planning information system may

not be easy to a student who ahs not gotten the

experience. This is because it is not a project one can just

read up in textbooks. 't is not even ought to read thesis of

similar projects. This is because each project is not only

uni>ue but also depends on the designer. 't therefore

re>uires a lot of experience and understanding. The

experience and information used to carry out this project

were obtained from my advise& our /ead of department and

various computer consultancy firm notably computer media.

'nfact& our involvement in computer based information

system has exposed us in no small way. This design& if

adopted by the planning department& 'MT )nugu will help in

providing information for decision making at a fast rate. 't is

expected that various authorities will approve the design.

We recommend their project is challenging and exposing&

as this should continue to be assigned to student to prepare

them for self@employment in this area of joblessness.

5.8 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH


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!n key element in determining the most efficient and economical

processing procedure and devices to use in an information

system is the volume of processing handled by the system.

The greater the details& the harder it is the grasp the

information content. The researcher is of the view at further

study be carried out on Jdata based management system

for polytechnics.

computer based management information system

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