meljun cortes - intro. computer based information system

8/9/2019 MELJUN CORTES - Intro. Computer Based Information System

1/33


2/33

Information Management

Information:

The most valuable resource

1-2


3/33


4/33

How Resources are Managed

Acquire

Assemble, or prepare

Maximize use

Replace

1-4


5/33

Factors Stimulating Interest in

Information Management

Increasing complexity of business activity

International economy

Worldwide competition

Increasing complexity of technology

Shrinking time frames

Social constraints

Improved computer capabilities

Size

Speed 1-5


6/33

Who are the Users?

Managers

Nonmanagers

Persons & organizations in the firmsenvironment

1-6


7/33

The Influence of Management

Level on Information Source

Strategic planning level

Management control level

Operational control level Internal

Environmental

1-7


8/33

The Influence of Management

Level on Information Form


Management control level

Operational control level Detail

Summary

1-8


9/33

Managers Can Be Found on All

Levels and in All Functional

Areas of the Firm

Finance

FunctionHuman

Resources

Function

Information

Services

Function

Manufacturing

Function

Marketing

Function


Management Control Level

Operational Control

Level

1-9


10/33

What Managers do --

Fayols FunctionsStrategic

Planning Level

ManagementControl Level

OperationalControl Level

Plan

Control

Organize

Direct

Staff

Organize

Staff

Direct

Plan

Control

Direct

StaffPlan

Control

Organize

1-10


11/33

What Managers do --

Mintzbergs Roles

Interpersonal roles

Figurehead

Leader

Liaison

Informational roles

Monitor

Disseminator

Spokesperson

Decisional roles

Entrepreneur

Disturbancehandler

Resource allocator

Negotiator

1-11


12/33

Management Skills

Communications

Problem solving

How can aninformation

specialist help?

}

1-12


13/33

Problem Solving Information

Comes in Many Forms

Com

puterReports

Noncomputerreports

Electronicmail

Periodicals

Telephone

Problem Solving

Written Media Oral Media

Internal Sources External Sources

ScheduledMeetings

Unsch

eduledMeetings

VoiceMail

Tours

B

usinessMeals

Le

tters&Memos

1-13


14/33

Management Knowledge

Computer literacy

Information literacy

Whats the difference?

1-14


15/33

System ComponentsComponent parts of a system that

can control its own operations

Objectives

Control

mechanism

TransformationInput Output

1-15


16/33

Open-Loop System

TransformationInput Output

1-16


17/33

Open versus Closed Systems

Open system

Connected to its environment by means of

resource flows Closed system

Not connected to its environment

1-17


18/33

SystemsCan Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts

Subsystem A-2

Subsystem A-3

Subsystem B-2

Subsystem B-1

System

Subsystem A Subsystem BElemental

Part C

Subsystem A-1

Elemental

part B1 1-18


19/33

Physical and Conceptual Systems

Physical system

The business firm

Composed of physical resources

Conceptual system

Represents a physical system

Uses conceptual resources

Information

Data

1-19


20/33

A Systems View

Business operations are embedded within

a larger environmental setting

Reduces complexity

Requires good objectives

Emphasizes working together

Acknowledges interconnections

Values feedback

1-20


21/33

Data and Information

Information processor

Key element in the conceptual system

Computer

Noncomputer

Combination

Data is the raw material transformed intoinformation

1-21


22/33

Evolution of the CBIS

Data Processing (DP) Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964

IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling

disk files and terminals

Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971 Text books distinction:

MIS: Organizational/group - general

DSS: Individual - specific

Office Automation (OA) 1964

Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems

(ES) - 1990s

Heavy investment by businesses 1-22


23/33

The CBIS Model

Computer-based

Information System

(CBIS)

Accounting

Information System

Management

Information System

Decision Support

Systems

The Virtual

Office

Knowledge-based

Systems

Decisions

Problem

Information

Problem

Solution

1-23


24/33

Information Services

Information specialists havefull-time responsibility for

developing and maintainingcomputer-based systems

1-24


25/33

Traditional Communication Chain

Database

Administrator

User SystemsAnalyst

Programmer Operator Computer

NetworkSpecialist

1-25


26/33

End-User Computing (EUC)

End-user computing

Development of all or part of applications

Information specialists act as consultants

Stimulants to EUC

Increased computer literacy

IS backlog

Low-cost hardware (the PC)

Prewritten software (electronic

spreadsheets)1-26


27/33

IS and EUCThe End-User Computing

Communication Chain

User Computer

Information

Specialists

Support

Communication

1-27


28/33

Justifying the CBIS

Justify in the same manner as any other

large investment

EconomicCost reduction

Reduced inventory investment

Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)

Noneconomic

Perceived value

1-28


29/33


30/33

Reengineering the CBIS

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Reworking systems

Good system features retained

Becoming development methodology of

choice

1-30


31/33

Roles Played by the Manager

and by the Information Specialist

Implementation

Phase Manager Information Specialist

Control

Control

Control

Control

Planning

Analysis

Design

Use

Define problem Support

System Study

Design system

Implement system

Make available

1-31


32/33

Summary

Information is one of five main resources

Computer output used by managers and

nonmanagers A system is an integration of elements

working toward an objective

Physical

Conceptual

Data vs. Information1-32


33/33

Summary [cont.]

CBIS composed of various components

AIS

MIS

DSS

Virtual office

Knowledge-based systems End-user computing trends

CBIS development1-33

meljun cortes - intro. computer based information system

Documents