02 - into to computer-based information system
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the Computer-BasedIntroduction to the Computer-Based
Information SystemInformation System
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Components of a Computer-Based Information System
(CBIS)
PROCEDURES
Components of a CIBS
A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system in which the computer plays
a major role.
What is computer?
• Computer is an Electronic Data Processing Machine. It operates under the instruction store in it own memory unit that accept INPUT or Data process it Arithmetically and Logically, produce OUTPUT after processing and STORE the information for future use.
Function of Computer
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Storage
Devices• Input
– 1. Key Board 2. Mouse
• Processing– 1 CPU
a) ALU b) CU– 2 Primary Memory
a) RAM b) ROM
• Output– 1. Monitor 2. Printer
• Storage - 1. Secondary Storage
a) Hard Disk b) Floppy Disk
Components of a Computer-Based Information System
• Hardware Physical parts of a computer
• Software Instructions and data necessary to run a computer program
• Data Raw facts
• Procedures The policies that govern the operations of a computer system. “Procedures are to people what software is to hardware”
• People The most overlooked element of the CBIS. People are probably the components that most influence the success or failure of information system. Users, programmers, system analysts, and database administrators are some of the people associated with the CBIS.
Technical Operation
of a CIBS
CPU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit
Memory
Storage
Input Output
Processing
The programs available on a CBIS consists of two types:
1. System Software
2. Application Software
• System software exists primarily for the computer itself, to help the computer perform specific functions.
• One major type of system software is the operating system (OS). All computers require an operating system.
• The OS tells the computer how to interact with the user and its own devices.
• Common operating systems include Windows,
the Macintosh OS, OS/2, and UNIX .
System Software
• Application software tells the computer how to accomplish tasks the user requires, such as creating a document or editing a graphic image.
• Some important kinds of application software are:
Word processing programs Spreadsheet softwareDatabase management Presentation programsGraphics programs Networking software Web design tools and browsers Internet applicationsCommunications programs UtilitiesEntertainment and education Multimedia authoring
Application Software
Hardware & SoftwareFUNDAMENTALS
HERTZHertz is commonly used to rate the clock speed of micro processor
MIPS (Million instruction per second )
MIPS is often used as the measure of how much work (through put) a computer can do in one second
FLOPS (floating point operation per second)
FLOPS are the Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, and other numeric operations performed on decimal numbers
Multi-Programming It is often used in multi in multiuser operating system it is a process in which the computer works on two or more program concurrently or side by side
MultiTasking It refers to the operating systems ability to execute two or more of a single user task concurrently
It is a very popular technique that allows the CPU to simultaneously support the activities of several terminal user
Time Sharing
Fore-ground and Back-Ground Processing
With fore-ground back ground processing fore ground jobs are usually handled first when no fore ground task await processing the computer goes to back ground partition and start processing task there
Some time called virtual storage extend primary memory by treating disk storage as a logical extension of RAM
Virtual Memory
It refer to the use of two or more CPU (Central Processing Unit) linked together to perform coordinated work simultaneously. The difference between multi processing and multi programming is that multi processing involves handling several parts of same program simultaneously on several central processing units whereas multi programming means processing several programs on a single Central Processing Unit
Multi Processing
Achieving the CBIS
Five Main Resources
1. Personnel
2. Material
3. Machines (including facilities and energy)
4. Money
5. Information (and data)
PhysicalPhysical
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Information Management
Information: The most valuable resource
How Resources are Managed
a. Acquire
b. Assemble, or prepare
c. Maximize use
d. Replace
Who are the Users?
1. Managers
2. Non-managers
3. Persons & organizations in the firm’s environment
Where Managers are Found
a. Various management levels
b. Various functional areas of the firm
Levels of Managers
i. Strategic planning
ii. Management control
iii. Operational control
Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All
Functional Areas of the Firm
FinanceFunction
Human ResourcesFunction
InformationServicesFunction
ManufacturingFunction
MarketingFunction
Strategic planning levelStrategic planning level
Management Control LevelManagement Control Level
Operational Control Operational Control LevelLevel
What Managers do --
Strategic Planning Level
Management Control Level
Operational Control Level
Plan
Control
Organize
Direct
Staff
Organize
Staff
Direct
Plan
Control
Direct
Staff
Plan
Control
Organize
Management Skills
1. Communications
2. Problem solving
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