computer access using switches sarah crosbie, ms.ed, otr/l
TRANSCRIPT
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Computer AccessUsing Switches
Sarah Crosbie, MS.Ed, OTR/L
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Switch Access:• Individuals with severe motor disabilities
cannot who cannot operate any type of adapted keyboard or mouse must rely on switch access.
• Not to be confused with a flatbed scanner for input!!
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• This is a slow, but functional alternative for individuals with significant physical limitations.
• The individual only needs to have consistent control of one or more anatomical sites for accessing a single switch, or multiple switches.
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Setting up a switch access system• A switch cannot be plugged directly into a computer.
Instead a Switch Interface is required to bridge the gap between the switch and the computer's USB, serial, or PS/2 port.
• The computer (1) is connected to the computer-switch interface (2) which is then connected to the the switch (3). The interface jack that is used determines what the computer receives when the switch is pressed.
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Types of computer-switch interfaces
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Scanning Software
• A scan is comprised of equivalent key and mouse choices that appear on the screen when a software program is running.
• The student goes through (scans) the various commands and then activates a switch to make a choice.
• To use a scanning system, a student must be able to: * Make a choice from a field of options
* Watch/listen and wait until the choice is highlighted by the
scanning box
* Activate a switch to select their choice.• There is a range of 'cause and effect' switch programs that
introduce the basic concepts of switching
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Teaching switch skills:Cause&Effect
• http://www.priorywoods.middlesbrough.sch.uk/resources/restop.htm
• www.helpkidzlearn.com
• http://www.judylynn.com/prog_desc.php?PROG_NUM=553
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There are several "direct scan" methods available for accessing the computer. *Automatic scanning: continuous movement of indicator. The highlight pauses at each group/item for a pre-set time
* Step scanning: indicator moves one item at a time each time the switch is activated
* Inverse scanning: advance the highlight by holding a “move” switch down. While the switch is held down, the highlight pauses at each item for a pre-set time
After selecting a method to scan-- a decision as what "selection set" format is best: •Sequential•*Rotary •Row-column•Group•http://faculty.washington.edu/dowden/tcollab_aac_files/aac_module_scanning/aac_scanning_patterns.htm
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Switch Types and Positioning• When considering which switch to use it is essential that
the user is positioned properly in order to exert maximum control over the switch
• The switch used should capitalise on their most reliable and consistent movement (ex: head, chin, knee, foot)
• Switches also come in a variety of formats; single, dual and multiple switches.
• They can be activated in a variety of ways, for example; pressure switch, movement switch (blinking of the eye), vibration switch, sound switch and a sip and puff switch (by sucking and blowing).