cohesive

7/21/2019 Cohesive

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cohesive-56d9658fd2cff 1/4

Purpose Expression1. Stating twocontrastingpoints in abalanced way,not emphasizingthe diference

On the other hand , Alternatively ,Then

again (Used when an alternative idea

suddenly comes to mind.)

2. Stating twocontrastingpoints andemphasizing thediference

However (A little formal), Nevertheless (a

little formal) , Having said that = That

said (A little formal. Stress on the word,

“said”. Meaning = “ven though ! "ust said

#A$, an alternative or o%%osing idea, #&$ is

also true.”)

At the same time

All/Just the same ,Yet ,Instead (thay vào đó),

In spite of (this that!" #espite this"#espite that

$ven so' %onversely (ery good for

academic writing, es%ecially as* + in the

riting test, -ut too formal for everyday

s%eech)' In &ontrast3. al!ing aboutSimilarity 'iewise" )imilarly (ard to %ronounce/)'

In the same way (Also0 In a similar way )'

*y the same toen". #ontradicting On the &ontrary

$sage a%& he most common meaning is0

“That+s untrue and I+ll tell you the true

situation,” 1r, “I disagree and this is

what I thin,”

$sage b)0 !n usage -), the form of the

statement is this0 negative statement 2 31n

the contrary3 2 %ositive statement.

And, the negative statement = the %ositivestatement in meaning.

he meaning of “On the &ontrary ” here

is similar to saying, “in fa&t ”, “as a matter

of fa&t ” or “a&tually ”.'. #oncession (concede ()%&!h*ng +nh%

Of &ourse" Admittedly" Naturally"

O-viously" %learly" .ndenia-ly"

.ndou-tedly

-. #oncession and #ounterrgument

All the same (see a-ove) is another way tocontinue defending your o%inion after

conceding that the other %erson is not +445

7/21/2019 Cohesive


wrong in his6her o%inion.

7es, ! agree that some young %eo%le are

s%endthrifts -ut, all the same, the ma"ority

are not li*e that.

/. Persuading After all " You have to admit

0. ismissal oPre)iousiscourse

Anyway = Anyhow = At any rate = Inany &ase

. dding4 5i)ing6ore etails As well as that ( = Not only that! (informal'

good for s%ea*ing)

On top of that (informal' good for s%ea*ing)

Another thing is

0or that matter (Similar to, “ As a matter

of fa&t ”, “In fa&t ” and “ A&tually ”)80 o tell you the truth, !$m not very

interested in -as*et-all. 0or that matter ,

!$m not very interested in any s%ort.

*esides

7ote0 #8esides$ is di9erent to, #in addition$

-ecause the word #-esides$ introduces

another idea that is in a di9erent category, or

a di9erent train of thought$ to the other

idea(s). !n the %revious e:am%le, the ;rst tworeasons were criticisms of the restaurant' the

last reason was se%arate from these reasons

-ut, overall, was still anadditional reason why

the s%ea*er does not eat at the restaurant

very often.

1hat+s more (his sounds a little too formal

and unnatural if not s%o*en in the contracted

form. !n other words, don$t say, “hat is

more”)0urthermore (a little formal)

In addition (a little formal)

2oreover (ery formal. !t is -est not to use

this in the s%ea*ing test -ut it is suita-le for

academic writing)

19. 5i)ingExamples

0or e3ample" 0or instan&e" As an

e3ample" To -egin with" To start with"

0or a start 11. 8eing 6oreSpeci:c

)pe&i4&ally" To -e more spe&i4&" In

parti&ular" As a matter of fa&t ' In

7/21/2019 Cohesive


fa&t ' A&tually 12. #lariying I mean" 1hat I mean is" To put that

another way" 1hat Im trying to say

is" 2y point is " In other words" That

is (a little formal) " That is to say (a little

formal)

13. Summarizing Overall" On the whole" *asi&ally"

0undamentally"1". Spea!ing in5eneral

5enerally In general" Typi&ally

1'. Exception Otherwise

1-. Stating thePurpose

(In order! to (2 ver-) " (In order! to

a&hieve this1/. Emphasizing

A-ove all"Indeed (a little formal)

10. 5i)ing;easons

In the 4rst pla&e" 0or one thing" The

main reason why 6" One of the reasons

why 6" One reason why 6

1. al!ing aboutthe ;esult

As a result" As a &onse7uen&e"

%onse7uently" )o" *e&ause of this" In

this/that way

29. 5i)ing aconclusion basedon a logicalargument

)o; Therefore (a little

formal); <8Thus+ and 8hen&e+ are too formal even

for the riting test

21. Parallel ime At the same time" )imultaneously"

2eanwhile" In the meantime22. #hanging theSub<ect (!t is uncommon to suddenly and com%letely

change the su-"ect when you s%ea* in the!>S test.)

*y the way" In&identally

23. ;eturning toa Pre)iousSub<ect

As I was saying" As I mentioned -efore

2". 5aining imeto hin!

'et me see" 'et+s see" 1ell" You

now (8o not em%hasi?e the word “you”

when you say this)2'. al!ing aboutthe 8eginning 0irst 0irstly 0irst of all To -egin with

In the 4rst pla&e

7/21/2019 Cohesive


At 4rst Initially Originally In the

-eginning At the -eginning2-. al!ing aboutthe End

'ast = 'astly = 0inally

'ast -ut not least=And last -ut still

very important is ...

cohesive

Documents