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CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT Ashok Sahni INSA Senior Scientist [email protected]

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Page 1: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

CLIMATES,

PAST AND PRESENT

Ashok Sahni

INSA

Senior Scientist

[email protected]

Page 2: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Thermal Regime for a Living Planet

Page 3: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Fate of Earth?

Page 4: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Evolution and O2 PAL

Page 5: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 6: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 7: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 8: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 9: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 10: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Sea level rise

Page 11: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Sun unusually active during last 50 years

Monthly

Sunspot no

Page 12: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 13: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Long term climate change

perspective ( myrs)

Page 14: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Disasters: Common, happening or yet to happen! FREQUENCIES: ANNUAL TO KILO YEARS-SURFACE AND INTERNAL

(PLANETARY) STRESSES:-

droughts, floods, landslides, earthquakes/tsunamis, volcanic eruptions (within record of human civilization)

FREQUENCIES: KILO YEARS OR MORE-SOLAR OR COSMIC FORCING:-

Climate Change-Solar radiations and water budget CO2/O2 /O3 enhancement and depletion. Cometary Impacts: ( note Tunguska 1908, Lonar, India

(10kyr), Shoemaker –Levy on Jupiter 1994. Anoxia-relatively sudden decrease in atmospheric O2

Ecosystem collapse-corals, tropical rainforests, large mammal niche etc

Page 15: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse Earth and CO2 PAL

65

245

Page 16: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Icehouse /Greenhouse, sea level Fluctuations through time

65

245

443

0

Page 17: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Glacial features in India, + 250 ma: Orissa, Jharkhand,

Rajasthan

Glacial erratic, Talchir Glaciation, Daltonganj Basin, +250 ma

Dropstone in glacial varvites, Gursuti Nala, Daltonganj Basin

Page 18: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

ICE COVERED INDIA 280 MA

Page 19: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases
Page 20: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse Earth and CO2 PAL

Page 21: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Biodiversity Through Time-several extinction events

Page 22: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Present Day Species Diversity

Page 23: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Climate change: ocean current gyre

Page 24: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Emiliania huxleyi

Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases .

Phyto (nanno)plankton are a powerful Biologic Pump to drastically reduce Greenhouse Gas CO2

NASA’s Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) can accurately measure Climate Change reflected by Phytoplankton

Page 25: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

VOLCANIC EVENTS COINCIDE WITH MASS EXTINCTIONS

Page 26: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Volcanic Activity and Extinctions

Page 27: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Montreal Protocol

Page 28: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

Primrose: Decoration for man: landing pad for an insect!!

Adjusted for UV light as seen by insects

Dawkins: Greatest Show on Earth: 2009

Page 29: CLIMATES, PAST AND PRESENT - upati.gov.inupati.gov.in/MediaGallery/Clim Change lko 150210.pdf · Cyclic Solar Energy input drives Earth’s Climate and Weather. Greenhouse Gases

ICEBERGS WILL

MELT!

BUT…

DON’T PANIC!!