class project report, spring 2014 e 449/549 sustainable air quality
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Class Project Report, Spring 2014 E 449/549 Sustainable Air Quality. Sustainability Transition of Sulfurous Air Quality 1960- 2013 Emissions and Causality Drivers - Lesley Olson Ambient Sulfurous Air Quality - Andrew Martahus Control Measures - Jennifer Elwell - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Class Project Report, Spring 2014E 449/549 Sustainable Air Quality
Sustainability Transition of Sulfurous Air Quality 1960-2013
Emissions and Causality Drivers - Lesley OlsonAmbient Sulfurous Air Quality - Andrew Martahus
Control Measures - Jennifer Elwell
Instructor: Rudolf B. HusarWashington University, St. Louis, MO, May 2, 2014
Traditional views of Sustainable Development
• Brundtland Commission (1987)– Meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• National Academy of Sciences – Our Common Journey: A Transition Towards
Sustainability– Call for evaluation of major trends and transitions
needed to determine what issues must be tackled
Sustainability ScienceHarvard Sustainability Science Program
• Defining human well being as a goal inter and intra generationally– Assets, institutions and knowledge
• Methodology change from NAS mode– Research defined explicitly by a practical issue,
not the other way around• Linking knowledge with action for an adaptive
management control mechanism
PopulationP
EconomyGDP$/yr
Energy UseBtu/yr
Fuel Cons.T/yr
SOX Emiss.T/yr
Traditional Linear Causality Model (SOx Emmision Drivers)
Per Cap. Econ. (GDP/P)
Energy Efficiency (Btu/GDP)
Fuel Eny. Factor (T/Btu)
Emissions Factor (T/T)
Using New Technology to Increase Transparency and Improve Environmental Regulation
• Introduction of an Emission Trading System (ETS) in 3 of the most polluted industrial areas in India. • PM CEM devices will be installed and correlated, collect PM emission data from specific sources. • This data will then be published periodically and be made available to the public to ensure
transparency. • With accurate and transparent measurements, a market efficient ETS will then be developed creating a
more efficient and regulated system.
Monitoring: CEMs installation/emissions
measurement andreporting
Action: Transparentmarket-based
ETS
PopulationP
EconomyGDP$/yr
Energy UseBtu/yr
Fuel Cons.T/yr
SOX Emiss.T/yrPer Cap. Econ.
(GDP/P) Energy Efficiency
(Btu/GDP)Fuel Eny.
Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T)
Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap? Measuring Returns to Efficiency with a Field Experiment in India
• Government and private consultancy partnerships to promote investment in improved industrial energy efficiency.
• The costs and returns of investments are measured to determine if there is a win-win scenario for the environment and industry – where efficiency improvements pay off and cost industry less in the long run.
• Use of energy manger specialists to suggest improvements and determine the best methods for adaptation through field testing.
Monitoring: EnergyEfficiency Audit
Action:Implementation
Of Efficient Practices
PopulationP
EconomyGDP$/yr
Energy UseBtu/yr
Fuel Cons.T/yr
SOX Emiss.T/yrPer Cap. Econ.
(GDP/P) Energy Efficiency
(Btu/GDP)Fuel Eny.
Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T)
Improving Household Efficiency through Information and Incentives
• Arm homeowners with the information necessary to make them aware of their energy consumption. • Tactics used to incentivize individuals to use less energy on a household day-to-day basis. • Curb the increasing residential energy use that is coming in India with increased wealth and westernized
lifestyles. • Awareness, competition and rewards for favorable behavior are consistently found to be powerful human
motivators and as a result, these are going to be provided in the form of comparative energy use report cards for households.
• Residential energy use should decrease while cultural awareness and general energy saving practices should increase.
PopulationP
EconomyGDP$/yr
Energy UseBtu/yr
Fuel Cons.T/yr
SOX Emiss.T/yrPer Cap. Econ.
(GDP/P) Energy Efficiency
(Btu/GDP)Fuel Eny.
Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T)
Monitoring ofHouseholdEnergy Use
Action: Distribution ofInfo and Incentives
Can Regulation Reduce Household use of Polluting Fuels?
• Decreasing the use of fuels in rural areas that contribute greatly to indoor air pollution issues, particularly biomass burning.
• Making light petroleum gas (LPG) and stoves more accessible and affordable for a greater number of households. • Regulatory practices to alleviate the supply-side barrier to the adoption of modern fuel sources. • Study in household decision making in order to determine the real demand for the fuel.• Decreased use of dirtier burning fuels, source emissions will decrease and a fuel with a more favorable
environmental factor will be used therefore decreasing indoor air pollution
PopulationP
EconomyGDP$/yr
Energy UseBtu/yr
Fuel Cons.T/yr
SOX Emiss.T/yrPer Cap. Econ.
(GDP/P) Energy Efficiency
(Btu/GDP)Fuel Eny.
Factor (T/Btu) Emissions Factor (T/T)
Development ofEfficient Reg.
Practices
Increased distribution and availability of LPG
NAAQS and AQM in the US
Linear Causality Framework and Bachmann AQM Loop
The Need for Control Measures
• Human health effects– Acute and chronic lung infections, disease and cancer; asthma; heart
disease– Reduced life span
• Ecosystem damage – Acid rain– Corrosion– Weather and climate - threats on human life
• Psychological effects • Esthetic effects• Economic effects
– Damage to agriculture– Reduced tourism
Causality Loop Feedback