class project report sustainable air quality, eece 449/549, spring 2008 w ashington university, st....
TRANSCRIPT
Class Project ReportSustainable Air Quality, EECE 449/549, Spring 2008
Washington University, St. Loui, MO
Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus
Instructors: Professor Rudolf B. Husar, Erin M. Robinson
For more details see the class wiki
Students:Devki DesaiMartin GroenewegenTyler NadingKate NelsonMatt SculnickAlyssa SmithVarun Yadav
Washington University Carbon Footprint
Transportation
On Campus
Students
heat
cool
appliances
Fac/Staff
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• Each of the boxes is a physical quantity that can be measured and tracked
• Looking at the causality factor trends the relationship between the parameters is established.
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
University Expendenditures per Student
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
(Th
ou
sa
nd
s $
)
Year
$/S
tud
en
t
Operational $ per student
60% increase between 1990-2005
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• The campus size in sq. ft. and expenditures increased at about the same rate.
• Therefore the 1990-2005 change was insignificant.
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Danforth Campus Square Footage per $ - Normalized, 1990
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
Ra
tio
to
19
90
Operational $ per total square foot
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• The on campus fuel: coal, oil, natural gas
• The fuel used/sq ft. has fluctuated. The dip after 1993 was caused by system upgrades
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Danforth Campus Stationary Sources per Building Sq. Ft.
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
mm
btu/
Sq.
Ft.
Coal Natural Gas Oil
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Danforth Campus Purchased Electricity per Sq. Ft.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
Kw
-Hr/S
q. F
t
Electricity per Square foot
Electricity/Sq. Ft. has increased 20%
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• The purchased electricity is about 1/3 of total expended energy need to produce that electricity.
• 10% is lost through line transmission. • 2/3 of the energy produced is lost as heat
(Waste Energy).
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Danforth Campus Electric Energy Consumption
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
MM
BT
U (
hu
nd
red
s)
Purchased Electricity (mmbtu) -Danforth Tot Produced Electricity (mmbtu)-DanforthPurchased Elect. + Transmission (mmbtu)
WASTE Energy at Power Plant
Purchased Electricity
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• Each fuel has Carbon/BTU ratio
• The overall carbon emission for buildings has increased 70% from 1990-2007
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Danforth Campus Carbon Emission, 1990-2007
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Year
C T
onne
s (th
ousa
nds)
Electricity Fuel
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Buildings
• Each fuel has Carbon/BTU ratio
• The overall carbon emission for buildings has increased 60% from 1990-2007
PopulationStudents
Activities $ Expend./yr
Buildings Sq. Ft
Fuel Cons. BTU/yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Fuel Cons.BTU/yr
C EmissionTon C/yr
Electr. ConsKw-Hr/yr
$/Student Sq. Ft./$ BTU/Sq.Ft.
Kw-hr/Sq.Ft.
BTU/Kw-hr Carbon/BTU
Carbon/BTU
Change in Causality Drivers from 1990-2005
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Causality Drivers
% C
hang
e 19
90-2
005
# Students Operational $ per studenttotal Sq.ft per $ Total Produced per Sq. Ft. mmbtuTotal Produced Emission
Causality Framework for University Carbon Footprint - Transportation
• Overall Transportation emissions have stayed constant
• The student commuters’ emissions have dropped because more students are living closer to campus
• The faculty/staff emissions are increasing as people are living farther away due to housing availability/costs
PopulationPeople
Transportation
Miles
Fuel Cons. Gal./yr
C Emission Ton C/yr
Miles/Person Gal./Mile Carbon/Gal
Washington University Transportation Emission
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Year
Car
bon
(Tho
usan
d To
nnes
)
Commuter Students Carbon (tonnes) - all Faculty/Staff Commuter Carbon (tonnes) - All Transportation - All
Carbon Emission – University
• Cumulative plot of campus emissions. Electricity is the main component followed by on campus fuel usage and transportation.
• Carbon Emissions have increased almost 60% from 1990 to 2005.
Danforth Campus Carbon Emission, 1990-2007
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Year
C T
on
ne
s (
tho
us
an
ds
)
Electricity Fuel Transportation