circulatory system chapter 14, 15, 16 the heart’s layers endocardium – innermost layer, squamous...
TRANSCRIPT
Circulatory System
Chapter 14, 15, 16
The Heart’s Layers Endocardium –
innermost layer, squamous layer
Myocardium – thick middle layer, cardiac muscle
Pericardium – outermost layer
Heart Anatomy – Blood Flow
Heartbeat Animation
Lub – Dub –
Contraction of Ventricles– systole (highest pressure on artery
Relaxation of ventricles- Diastole (lowest pressure on artery
Lub – ventricles contract, bicuspid/tricuspid valves close
Dub – semi lunar valves close, ventricles relax
Heart Murmur:
Cardiac Conduction System
Impulse begins at the SA node, travels over atria so both contract at the same time
Impulse moves to the AV node to stop atria from contracting and to contract the ventricles
Through AV bundle Purkenje Fibers Contraction – Apex and
up.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) P wave – electrical
activity associated with atrial depolarization
QRS complex – ventricular polarizaton
Twave – ventricular repolarization
Disorders of the heart: Pictures of heart damage Heart Transplant Surgery
Systemic Circulation Circulation from
heart to rest of body and back to heart
Arteries and Arterioles Take blood away
from heart Thick walls Able to expand Arterioles –
Capillaries – most important Microscopic tube – one cell layer
thick Capillary Beds -
Capillary with red blood cell
Venules and Veins Take blood to heart Venules – drain blood from
capillaries then to a vein.
Veins and muscle contraction
Valves – allow blood flow back to heart and prevent Back flow of blood (rely on skeletal muscle contraction
Varicose Veins Abnormal and
irregular dialations in superficial veins.
Valves become weak
Hemorrhoids -
Cause of Varicose Veins
Hemorrhoids
Disorders of : Hypertension – high blood pressure
Systolic is greater than 140 mm/Hg Diastolic is greater than 95 mm/Hg Blood being pumped with too much
force Decrease in the diameter of ateriole.
Comparison of Hearts
Chapter 14: Blood 3 main functions: transport,
clotting, infection fighting
Parts of Blood Plasma: straw
yellow fluid Water, nutrients,
salts, wastes, gases Proteins: albumin,
fibrinogin (clotting), globulins (fight infection
Serum – plasma without clotting proteins
Formed Elements of Blood Erythrocytes
(RBC’s) – involved in the transport of oxygen
Hemoglobin – Protein in blood, oxygen attaches to the “Heme”
Iron Deficiency Anemia A diet lacking in
iron.
Sickle-celled anemia Gentic defect in
shape of blood cells.
Tear-dropped shaped
Abnormal shaped hemoglobin
White Blood Cells (formed ele) Leukocytes Have nucleus No hemoglobin Fight infection –
phagocytes
Types of White Blood Cells Classified
according to the granules in cytoplasm
1. Granulocytes- phagocytes
2. Agranulocytes – have the ability to change into a macrophage
Platelets (Thrombocytes) Very small in size Important for
clotting
Blood Clotting - Hemostasis
1. Formation of platelet plug, platelets clump at wound site
2. Platelets activate prothrombin activator – enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin
Steps in blood clotting continued
3. Thrombin – solidify fibrinogen in blood plasma.
4. Fibrin forms around platelet plug
5. Blood clot with RBC’s and serum
Blood Types
Antigens An ANTIGEN is a
protein or carbohydrate that acts as a signal, enabling the body to recognize foreign substances in the body.
Rh factor - antigenIf Rh is present then Rh+. If Rh is not present then Rh-