Do NowDo Now

1- Take a note sheet from the back table1- Take a note sheet from the back table

2- Answer the following question on a 2- Answer the following question on a scrap piece of paper:scrap piece of paper:

What would you do: You know that you What would you do: You know that you are failing a class. You know you will be are failing a class. You know you will be in trouble when your parents find out. in trouble when your parents find out. How would you handle this situation?How would you handle this situation?

Enduring UnderstandingEnduring Understanding

Analyze how philosophy, religion, Analyze how philosophy, religion, and technology molded Chinese and technology molded Chinese society and governmentsociety and government Describe how Buddhism, Confucianism, Describe how Buddhism, Confucianism,

Taoism (Daoism), and Legalism Taoism (Daoism), and Legalism influenced Chinese societyinfluenced Chinese society

PhilosophyPhilosophy

doctrine: a belief (or system of beliefs) doctrine: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or accepted as authoritative by some group or school school

The rational investigation of questions about The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics existence and knowledge and ethics

Any personal belief about how to live or how Any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it" of child-rearing was to let mother do it"

Three Doctrine and Three Doctrine and LegalismLegalism

Philosophies which influenced the Philosophies which influenced the development and execution of development and execution of government in China. Each dynasty government in China. Each dynasty used a different philosophy to guide used a different philosophy to guide decision makingdecision making

Confucius Confucius Says: Says:

“He who “He who learns but learns but does not does not

think is lost; think is lost; he who he who

thinks but thinks but does not does not learn is in learn is in danger”danger”

Confucianism vs. Buddhism:Confucianism vs. Buddhism:Why Buddhism?Why Buddhism?

Confucianism is a belief system Confucianism is a belief system based on the ideas of Confucius- A based on the ideas of Confucius- A scholar who taught moral virtues and scholar who taught moral virtues and ethicsethics

ConfucianismConfucianism

A belief system that was A belief system that was practiced by Chinese practiced by Chinese dynasties and their dynasties and their subjectssubjects

Confucius believed that Confucius believed that there was a basic order in there was a basic order in the Universe that should the Universe that should be reflected in human be reflected in human relationships. The family relationships. The family unit being the central unit being the central relationshiprelationship

Confucianism Confucianism emphasized the emphasized the importance of educationimportance of education

1. Ruler Subject

2. Father

Son

3. Husband

Wife

4. Older Brother

YoungerBrother

5. Older Friend

YoungerFriend

ConfucianismConfucianism

Confucianism Confucianism emphasized the emphasized the following principles:following principles: Use the right Use the right

relationships to produce relationships to produce social ordersocial order

Respect for family and Respect for family and older generationsolder generations

Educate individuals Educate individuals and societyand society

Act in morally correct Act in morally correct waysways

5 Confucian 5 Confucian Relationships:Relationships: Ruler to SubjectRuler to Subject Husband to WifeHusband to Wife Parent to ChildParent to Child Elder brother to Elder brother to

younger brotheryounger brother Friend to friendFriend to friend

Each role had clearly Each role had clearly defined dutiesdefined duties

Confucianism in Confucianism in GovernmentGovernment

Since the family unit is seen as the Since the family unit is seen as the primary social unit China’s primary social unit China’s government would be a monarchy government would be a monarchy with it’s structure based on the with it’s structure based on the structure of the familystructure of the family

The ruler was seen to be the son of The ruler was seen to be the son of heaven and the father of the peopleheaven and the father of the people

The role of the government was as The role of the government was as protector of the people’s welfare protector of the people’s welfare

Confucianism in Confucianism in GovernmentGovernment

Confucian political theory emphasized Confucian political theory emphasized conflict resolution through mediation conflict resolution through mediation rather than the application of complex rather than the application of complex rulesrules

Civil service in which all officials were to Civil service in which all officials were to be selected for their moral qualities that be selected for their moral qualities that would allow them to govern by example would allow them to govern by example and their status was measured by their and their status was measured by their scores on the civil-service examinationscores on the civil-service examination

How did Confucianism How did Confucianism influence Chinese life?influence Chinese life?

Confucius taught that Confucius taught that people could advance people could advance themselves through themselves through education. An education. An emphasis on emphasis on education helped education helped produce an efficient, produce an efficient, well- trained set of well- trained set of government officials government officials known as Scholar-known as Scholar-LeadersLeaders

BuddhismBuddhism

Buddhism- A religion that started in Buddhism- A religion that started in India in the 6India in the 6thth century by Siddhartha century by Siddhartha Gautama also known as “The Gautama also known as “The Buddha” or “Enlightened One”Buddha” or “Enlightened One”

BuddhismBuddhism

Emphasized the “Four Emphasized the “Four Basic Truths”Basic Truths” Suffering is part of lifeSuffering is part of life The reason people suffer The reason people suffer

is that they are too is that they are too attached to material attached to material possessions and selfish possessions and selfish ideasideas

Suffering has an endSuffering has an end By living in a wise, moral, By living in a wise, moral,

and thoughtful way, and thoughtful way, people can eventually people can eventually learn to escape sufferinglearn to escape suffering

Not sure when he died. [604 B.C.E. - ?]

His name means “Old Master”

Was he Confucius’ teacher?

The basic text of Daoism.

In Chinese, it means The Classic in the Way and Its Power.

“Those who speak know nothing: Those who know are silent.” These words, I am told, Were spoken by Laozi. If we are to believe that Laozi, Was himself one who knew, How is it that he wrote a book, Of five thousand words?

1. Dao [Tao] is the first-cause of the universe. It is a force that flows through all life.

2. A believer’s goal is to become one with Dao; one with nature. [“The butterfly or the man?” story.]

3. Wu wei --> “Let nature take its course.” --> “The art of doing nothing.” --> “Go with the flow!”

4. Man is unhappy because he lives acc. to man-made laws, customs, & traditions that are contrary to the ways of nature.

1. Rejecting formal knowledge and learning.

2. Relying on the senses and instincts. 3. Discovering the nature and

“rhythm” of the universe. 4. Ignoring political and social laws.

To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:

Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Heaven; Sun

Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth; Moon

Daoism or Taoism: “The Way” Daoism or Taoism: “The Way” or “The Path”or “The Path”

A belief system that A belief system that seeks harmony with seeks harmony with nature and inner nature and inner feelings feelings

““The only human The only human actions that make sense actions that make sense are those which are in are those which are in accord with the flow of accord with the flow of naturenature

Denounced violence as Denounced violence as reflecting the ultimate reflecting the ultimate ignorance of the way of ignorance of the way of naturenature

Opposed ConfucianismOpposed Confucianism

TaoismTaoism

Taoism rejects any human ideas or Taoism rejects any human ideas or standards which might lead to:standards which might lead to: An overly assertive mode of behaviorAn overly assertive mode of behavior Too strong a commitment to the achievement Too strong a commitment to the achievement

of worldly goalsof worldly goals Denounce violence as reflecting the ultimate Denounce violence as reflecting the ultimate

ignorance of the way of natureignorance of the way of nature No one should have excessive desires No one should have excessive desires Wu-wei- “non-action”- does not mean doing Wu-wei- “non-action”- does not mean doing

absolutely nothing, but don nothing unnaturalabsolutely nothing, but don nothing unnatural

The Uncarved BlockThe Uncarved Block

Taoist favor the spontaneous and the Taoist favor the spontaneous and the simple which is reflected in their simple which is reflected in their favorite image- “The Uncarved favorite image- “The Uncarved Block”Block”

The block which is uncut and The block which is uncut and uncrafted is associated with an uncrafted is associated with an original simplicity and wholeness original simplicity and wholeness which is purely naturalwhich is purely natural

280? - 233 B.C.E.

Han Fe Zi.

Lived during the late Warring States period.

Legalism became the political philosophy of the Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty.

LegalismLegalism

Guiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles Human nature is naturally selfishHuman nature is naturally selfish Intellectualism and literacy is discouragedIntellectualism and literacy is discouraged Law is supreme authority and replaces Law is supreme authority and replaces

moralitymorality The ruler must rule with a strong The ruler must rule with a strong

authoritative handauthoritative hand War is the means for increasing a leader’s War is the means for increasing a leader’s

powerpower

How is a man to live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity??

Confucianism --> Moral order in society.

Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.

Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

More to KnowMore to Know

DaoismDaoism A clever mind is not a A clever mind is not a

heartheart There is more to knowing There is more to knowing

than just being correct.than just being correct. The wise know their The wise know their

limitations; the foolish do limitations; the foolish do not.not.

Buddhism “8 Fold Buddhism “8 Fold Path”Path” To know the truth To know the truth To intend to resist evil To intend to resist evil To not say anything to hurt others To not say anything to hurt others To respect life, property, and To respect life, property, and

morality morality To work at a job that does not To work at a job that does not

injure others injure others To try to free one's mind from evil To try to free one's mind from evil To be in control of one's feelings To be in control of one's feelings

and thoughts and thoughts To practice appropriate forms of To practice appropriate forms of

concentration concentration