Chapter 26 – Global Chapter 26 – Global Migration and ImperialismMigration and Imperialism

Population ShiftsPopulation ShiftsCauses for movement:

1. Economic Opportunity2. Overcrowding in Europe3. Determination to improve status in society

4. Asians migrated too; usually as indentured workers

ImperialismImperialism

According to the According to the cartoon, write a cartoon, write a brief definition of brief definition of what Imperialism what Imperialism means.means.

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM

The take over of a country or territory The take over of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation.social life of the people of that nation.

Why Not Imperialism Before?Why Not Imperialism Before?

Europe could not penetrate to the Europe could not penetrate to the interior of Africa because:interior of Africa because:

African Armies were able to defeat the African Armies were able to defeat the intruding Europeans.intruding Europeans.

Europeans could not navigate African Europeans could not navigate African rivers until steam-powered riverboats rivers until steam-powered riverboats became available.became available.

Large networks of Africans controlled the Large networks of Africans controlled the trade routes.trade routes.

Lack of communication and Lack of communication and transportationtransportation

The First Explorers of theThe First Explorers of the Dark ContinentDark Continent

Explorers, Explorers, missionaries, missionaries, merchants and merchants and humanitarianshumanitarians created an created an interestinterest in in the mysteries the mysteries of Africa.of Africa.

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa

Economic Economic Factors: Factors: Fuel Fuel the Industrial the Industrial Rev.Rev.

International International PrestigePrestige (Colonies are (Colonies are essential to be essential to be a great nation)a great nation)

Keeping up with Keeping up with European European powers powers (military) (military) Saw Saw colonies as colonies as crucial to crucial to national national securitysecurity

NationalismNationalism

Causes for New Causes for New ImperialismImperialism

Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

European nations meet in Berlin (Bismarck organized it) to discuss the division of Africa so it may prevent war.

The 14 nations lay down the rules for the division of Africa: Any European nation could claim land in Africa by

notifying their claims to other nations and showing they could control it.

By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remain an independent free nation within Africa.

Imperialism in Africa

Dr. David Livingstone- A Scottish missionary that went to Africa to fight slavery with Christianity and find the source of the Nile River.

““Dr. Livingstone I Presume”Dr. Livingstone I Presume”

Henry Stanley-Henry Stanley- An An American journalist that American journalist that found Dr. Livingstone. He found Dr. Livingstone. He wrote many articles that wrote many articles that sparked an interest in the sparked an interest in the “heart” of Africa“heart” of Africa

The Belgian CongoThe Belgian CongoKing Leopold II of King Leopold II of BelgiumBelgium hired Henry hired Henry Stanley to return to Africa Stanley to return to Africa to make treaties with local to make treaties with local chiefs. chiefs.

Leopold exploited the Leopold exploited the natives by making them natives by making them harvest the rubber sap from harvest the rubber sap from the trees; millions died do the trees; millions died do to starvation, and to starvation, and exhaustion.exhaustion.

The Quest for Wealth in Africa

Joseph Conrad – Heart of Darkness

Nationalism Fuels ImperialismNationalism Fuels Imperialism

Each nation began to compete with each other Each nation began to compete with each other on who could acquire the most land.on who could acquire the most land.

““All great nations in the fullness of their All great nations in the fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark upon strength have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands.” barbarian lands.” Heinrich von TreitschkeHeinrich von Treitschke

Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national greatness and strength.national greatness and strength.

Ideas of nationalism leads to a belief that Ideas of nationalism leads to a belief that Europeans are superior to inferior, or under Europeans are superior to inferior, or under developed nations (Third World).developed nations (Third World).Racism:Racism: the idea that one race is superior to the idea that one race is superior to others.others.

Social Justification of ImperialismSocial Justification of Imperialism

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism: Charles Darwin’s idea : Charles Darwin’s idea about “survival of the fittest”. The stronger about “survival of the fittest”. The stronger nations will prevail over the weaker ones.nations will prevail over the weaker ones.

““Take up the White Man’s Burden- send Take up the White Man’s Burden- send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile; To serve your captives’ sons to exile; To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness, On need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild- You new-caught, fluttered folk and wild- You new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.”sullen peoples, Half devil and half child.”

Rudyard KiplingRudyard Kipling

What is the general message from the author?What is the general message from the author?What did the author mean “go bind your sons to What did the author mean “go bind your sons to exile?exile?What is the author’s perception of the people What is the author’s perception of the people living in the colonies?living in the colonies?

Rudyard KiplingRudyard Kipling

Author of Author of “White Man’s“White Man’s Burden”.Burden”. Encouraged Encouraged imperialism through his imperialism through his literature. literature.

Missionaries believed Missionaries believed that it was the white that it was the white man’s duty to “civilize” man’s duty to “civilize” or “westernize” foreign or “westernize” foreign land.land.

Dr. Seuss of Imperialism Dr. Seuss of Imperialism (indoctrination)(indoctrination)

Cecil Rhodes-Cecil Rhodes- A A British businessman British businessman that started the that started the Industrialization and Industrialization and mining of South Africa. mining of South Africa. Improved the Improved the transportation system transportation system by building R.R.---by building R.R.---Started the Started the Boer WarBoer War

Forces Enabling ImperialismForces Enabling Imperialism

External ForcesExternal ForcesSuperior Weaponry: Superior Weaponry: The Machine GunThe Machine GunCommunication: Communication: Cables, R.R. and Cables, R.R. and steam shipssteam shipsCure for Malaria: Cure for Malaria: Allowed Europeans Allowed Europeans to not live in fear.to not live in fear.

Internal ForcesInternal ForcesAfricans’ variety of Africans’ variety of languages: languages: discouraged unity to discouraged unity to dispel foreignersdispel foreignersInferior weapons Inferior weapons and technology: and technology: Could not with stand Could not with stand offensive measures.offensive measures.Internal wars fought Internal wars fought over land, and tradeover land, and trade

Colonial Africa,1914

Greed Starts a WarGreed Starts a War• Diamonds and Gold Diamonds and Gold

were discovered in the were discovered in the Transvaal Valley of Transvaal Valley of South Africa.South Africa.

• As more and more As more and more people began to press people began to press further into the valley, further into the valley, the the ZulusZulus began to began to attack.attack.

• Shaka ZuluShaka Zulu organized organized the Zulus to fight off the Zulus to fight off the invaders.the invaders.

Boer War-Boer War- A war over Diamonds and A war over Diamonds and GoldGold

Boers were the Boers were the Dutch farmers of Dutch farmers of South AfricaSouth Africa

World’sWorld’s Major Major Choke PointsChoke Points

EconomicEconomic

ReasonsReasons

SocialSocial

ReasonsReasons

1. More resources to fuel their industrial production

2. They competed for new markets

3. A source of raw materials and cheap labor

3. Nationalism: People felt proud of their country: taking over other countries made them feel superior.

2. “White Man’s Burden” the belief that its Europe’s duty to civilize and westernize people of foreign lands.

1. Social Darwinism: “Survival of the fittest”

4. The Discovery of Gold and Diamonds

Imperialism in AsiaImperialism in Asia

Great Britain Great Britain controlled controlled IndiaIndia for for its agricultural its agricultural resources, or resources, or plantation crops.plantation crops.

Tea, cotton, indigo, Tea, cotton, indigo, coffee and opiumcoffee and opium were being exported were being exported to foreign markets.to foreign markets.

Impact of Colonialism in IndiaImpact of Colonialism in India Positive Effects:Positive Effects: Railroads enabled India to develop a Railroads enabled India to develop a

modern economymodern economy Telephones, Telegraphs, dams, roads, and Telephones, Telegraphs, dams, roads, and

bridges enabled India to modernize.bridges enabled India to modernize. Hospitals, schools allowed people to live Hospitals, schools allowed people to live

longer and increase educational longer and increase educational opportunities.opportunities.

Negative Effects:Negative Effects: British held political and economic British held political and economic

power.power. British restricted Indian owned British restricted Indian owned

industries.industries. Conversion to cash crops caused Conversion to cash crops caused

constant starvation in India.constant starvation in India.

The British drafted The British drafted Indian men into Indian men into the British army known as the British army known as sepoys.sepoys.

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion

Sepoys rebelled against British authority Sepoys rebelled against British authority when they found out that they were biting when they found out that they were biting fat from a cow so that they may load their fat from a cow so that they may load their weapons.weapons.

This rebellion was the turning point of British This rebellion was the turning point of British authority in India.authority in India.

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China

China remained China remained self-sufficient up self-sufficient up until the 19until the 19thth century.century.

European traders European traders found a product in found a product in which the Chinese which the Chinese want in large want in large quantities.quantities.

OPIUMOPIUM is grown in is grown in India and then India and then traded for tea from traded for tea from ChinaChina..

The Qing emperor Speaks The Qing emperor Speaks OutOut

““By what right do they (British By what right do they (British merchants)… use the poisonous drug to merchants)… use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? . . .I have injure the Chinese people? . . .I have heard that smoking of opium is very heard that smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden in your country; that is strictly forbidden in your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.”on to the harm of other countries.”

Lin ZexuLin Zexu

The emperor was furious because the The emperor was furious because the British government knew the harm in the British government knew the harm in the drug but England let merchants continue drug but England let merchants continue to trade it with China.to trade it with China.

A war broke out between Great Britain A war broke out between Great Britain and China called the and China called the Opium War.Opium War.

The Treaty of Nanjing granted Great The Treaty of Nanjing granted Great Britain the island of Hong Kong and Britain the island of Hong Kong and allowed foreign citizen extra-allowed foreign citizen extra-territorial rights.territorial rights.

Extraterritorial RightsExtraterritorial Rights:: Europeans in Europeans in China would be tried under British China would be tried under British Law instead of Chinese law.Law instead of Chinese law.

““Dining Alone”Dining Alone”

““The Dinner Table”The Dinner Table”

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion Many Chinese opposed European influence on Many Chinese opposed European influence on

their culture and government and wanted to their culture and government and wanted to kick out the foreigners.kick out the foreigners.

Imperialism in JapanImperialism in Japan

The United States sent warships under the The United States sent warships under the command of Commodore Mathew Perry into command of Commodore Mathew Perry into Tokyo Harbor to influence the Japanese to allow Tokyo Harbor to influence the Japanese to allow U.S. ships to stop for supplies.U.S. ships to stop for supplies.

The Meji EraThe Meji Era

The period of The period of Japanese history Japanese history where a new where a new government took government took over in which it over in which it modernized modernized Japan to western Japan to western ways.ways.

Meji Emperor Musuhito

Japan Becomes PowerfulJapan Becomes Powerful

Within 30 years, Japan became the Within 30 years, Japan became the most powerful country in Asia do to most powerful country in Asia do to the following;the following;

Japan adopted only the best of what Japan adopted only the best of what it had to offer according to them.it had to offer according to them.

Chose Germany’s government and Chose Germany’s government and military training along with Great military training along with Great Britain’s Naval strategy. Britain’s Naval strategy.

They adopted the U.S. educational They adopted the U.S. educational system and allowed students to system and allowed students to study abroad.study abroad.

Japan Begins to ImperializeJapan Begins to Imperialize

The Japanese begin to The Japanese begin to imperialize Korea and imperialize Korea and Manchuria to show their Manchuria to show their strength, for protection, and for strength, for protection, and for natural resources.natural resources.

The The Russo-Japanese War is Russo-Japanese War is caused by Japan invading caused by Japan invading Manchuria looking for natural Manchuria looking for natural resources.resources.

The World in the Age of Imperialism (1914)