SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

Chapter 2, section 4

The attack of the Dutch

1609 – Henry Hudson, an Englishman employed by the Dutch, sailed up waters known today as the Hudson River

1621 – Dutch government granted Dutch West India Company permission to colonized “New Netherland” New Amsterdam – now NYC – founded in

1625 became the capital 1655 – Dutch also took over New Sweden,

that was along Delaware River

Dutch were slow to settle so Germans, French, Scandinavians came along with Dutch as well as Africans – some free, some enslaved

Dutch typically had better relations with Natives

England’s King Charles II saw Dutch expansion as dilemma and nuisance because it separated Northern and Southern colonies

King Charles II sent James, duke of York (later to be King James II) to drive out Dutch in 1664. James succeeded in driving out Peter Stuyvesant and the Dutch

James became new proprietor (or owner) and renamed New Amsterdam as New York

Duke also gave some land to friend and named it New Jersey – after British island)

What can you infer about the Quaker religion from this picture of a typical Quaker meeting?

Quaker meeting

“Holy Experiment” BATMAN… In 1667 at age 22 William Penn joined

the Society of Friends – aka – Quakers, a protestant sect that was considered radical

Penn received piece of American land from King Charles II (by way of his father who was owed money), and with that Penn set sail to the new world

Penn said…

What does this quote from Penn tell us about his beliefs, ideals, etc…

“For matters of liberty and privilege, I propose that which is extraordinary, and I intend to leave myself and successors no power for doing mischief, in order that the will of one man may not hinder the good of a whole country; but to publish those things now and here, as matters stand, would not be wise…”

What did the Quakers believe? Believed God’s “inner light” burned in everyone Services had no formal ministers, anyone could

speak Dressed plainly Embraced pacifism Opposed war Refused to serve in military Refused to defer to persons of rank Hated by Anglicans and Puritans Refer to page 57: how do the churches differ

and how do their different ideals affect the outline of the building?

Quaker-land

In Penn’s land, the Quaker land, every adult male was guaranteed 50 acres of land and the right to vote

There was complete freedom of religion Penn planned a capital city called the “City of

Brotherly Love”, which is today Philadelphia Penn, like the Dutch, had to advertise to attract

more settlers. He printed advertisements in German, Dutch, and French. Many Germans arrived

Penn never profited as proprietor and died in poverty in 1718

Though he was against slavery, many of his Quaker brothers did have slaves

Penn said…

For more than 50 years the Pennsylvania colony had no major conflicts with Native Americans who lived in the colony

“Now I would have you well observe, that I am very sensible of the unkindness and injustice that has been too much exercised towards you by the people of these parts of the word, who have sought…to make great advantages by you,…sometimes to the shedding of blood…But I am not such a man…I have great love and regard toward you, and I desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a kind, just, and peaceable life.”

And then there were 13…

1632 – King Charles I granted charter for land north of Chesapeake Bay, which became Maryland

1663 – King Charles II awarded land to supporters b/w VA and Spanish Florida, which became North and South Carolina

1732 – English philanthropist James Ogelthorpe owned Georgia (after King George II)

By 1752 there were 13 British Colonies

13 colonies by 1752…

Questions for thought…

Why did New Netherland develop a reputation for diversity?

How did Pennsylvania reflect William Penn’s Quarter ideals?

Both New Netherland and Pennsylvania encouraged settlers to come from all over western Europe. Do you think this was a good decision for these colonies?

How do the Quakers and the Puritans differ?