CHAPTER 2 SECTION 4SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE

COLONIES

Crash Course US HIstory #4

The Dutch settle New NetherlandEnglish Quakers led by William Penn settle

Pennsylvania.

The principles of tolerance and equality promoted in the Quaker settlement remain fundamental values in America.

MAIN IDEA & WHY IT MATTERS

ONE AMERICAN’S STORY

“For matters of liberty and privilege, I propose that which is extraordinary, and [I intend] to leave myself and successors no power for doing mischief, [in order] that the will of one man may not hinder the good of a whole country; but to publish those things now and here, as matters stand, would not be wise. . . . ”

—Will iam Penn - quoted in A New World

How did William Penn’s father enable him to establish the colony of Pennsylvania?

Why did Penn want to establish a colonial government run on Quaker principles?

How was Penn’s colonial government diff erent than Jamestown & Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Diverse Colony1609 Dutch settled along

Hudson river Established fur trade and

trading post in present day Albany.

1621: Dutch gov’t gave permission to Dutch West India Company to colonize ‘New Netherlands’ & expand fur trade.

included NY & NJNew Amsterdam (NYC) was

capital

THE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLANDS

Dutch West India Company encouraged settlers to move to New Netherlands. Dutch, Germans, Scandinavians, Africans (free &

enslaved) All religions welcomed: Protestants, Catholics, Jews,

MuslimsKnown as ‘Great Confusion of Tongues’ Dutch & Native Americans traded and got along

well.

DIVERSE COLONY

England says there is a ‘Dutch Wedge’ between NE & Mid-Atlantic colonies.

Duke of York (James II) ordered by King of England (Charles II) to invade colony and drive Dutch out.

Most settlers refused to fi ght against British Stuyvesant (Dutch gov.) signed

colony over to ‘Duke of York’- who eventually became King James II.

‘Duke of York’ renamed colony New York gave friends lands west of

Hudson Named New Jersey.

ENGLISH TAKEOVER

King Charles II owed money to supporters in England. (e.g. William Penn’s father was owed 16,000 pounds)

Instead of money, King Charles II gave William Penn, a Quaker, a large property in America and asked that William name the colony after his father: Pennsylvania.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LewnnInReP8

THE QUAKERS SETTLE PENNSYLVANIA

WHAT’S A QUAKER?

Quakers: believed that God’s ‘inner light’ shined on everyone.

Services held without formal ministersPeople could speak

during service if the ‘Holy Spirit’ moved them

dressed in plain clothesRefused to submit to

persons of ‘rank’opposed war & refused

to serve in British military

Persecuted in Britain for religious views.

Penn wanted a society based on Quaker ideals. ‘Holy Experiment’ was to

create a colony that had absolutely NO LANDOWNING ARISTOCRACY.

Every adult male received 50 acres of land All men could vote

Government would be a ‘representative assembly’ which supported ‘religious freedom’.

Capital of Pennsylvania was called Philadelphia ‘The City of Brotherly Love’

PENN’S ‘HOLY EXPERIMENT

Penn believed - people approached in friendship would respond in friendship.

The Delaware Natives inhabited the land in the Pennsylvania colony

The Delaware received letter from Penn Said that Penn respected them and wanted to

purchase land from them.Penn regulated trade between Natives and

settlers to ensure trade was fairCourt made up of colonists & Natives created

to settle diff erencesRelationship between settlers & Natives was

peaceful for 50 years.

NATIVE AMERICAN RELATIONS

Penn needed to attract settlers to ensure the colony would thrive. (farmers, builders, traders)

Advertised throughout Western Europe. Signs in German, French, & Dutch in newspapers.

Settlers came in high numbers thousands of Germans

Had craft skills, and farming techniques Penn would never profit from his colony and died in

poverty.

Quakers were outnumbered and slavery was eventually brought to the colony.

Principles of equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance would eventually become the fundamental values of the new American nation.

A THRIVING COLONY

THE 13 AMERICAN COLONIES

Colony Founded Economic ActivityMassachusetts Plymouth 1620 / Mass. Bay 1630 Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum,

meat productsNew Hampshire 1623 Ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade

Connecticut 1636 Shipping, livestock, foodstuffs

Rhode Island 1636 Rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, snuff, livestock

New York 1625 Furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff

Delaware 1638 Trade, foodstuffs

New Jersey 1664 Trade, foodstuffs, copper

Pennsylvania 1681 Flour, foodstuffs, paper, iron, wheat, flax, shipbuilding

Virginia 1607 Tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron

Maryland 1632 Tobacco, wheat, snuff

North Carolina 1663 Naval supplies, tobacco, furs

South Carolina 1663 Rice, indigo, silk

Georgia 1732 Indigo, rice, naval supplies, lumber