Chapter 3 Colonial America1587-1770

Section 3 Middle Colonies

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

If you were given the gift of a large sum of money, how likely would you be to share it with your friends and family?

A. Very likely

B. Somewhat likely

C. Somewhat unlikely

D. Very unlikely A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

How did the Middle Colonies develop?

Struggle for power in England• The Puritan’s controlled

Parliament• They struggled for power against

King Charles I• 1642 a Civil War began• Led by Oliver Cromwell, a

Puritan, the Parliamentary forces defeated the king

• Many Puritans returned to England to join the struggle

• Charles I was beheaded in 1649 on charges of treason

• A new government was created with Cromwell as Protector

• When Cromwell died, Parliament restored the monarchy, but limited the kings power

• Charles II became king in 1660, his reign was known as the Restoration

English Colonies in America• 1660- England had two

clusters of colonies in what is now the United States

• In the North were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

• In the South were Maryland and Virginia

• Between the two groups of English colonies were lands the Dutch controlled

Dutch Colonies• Called New Netherland• Main settlement was New

Amsterdam, located on Manhattan Island

• Had a good seaport• Became a center of shipping to and

from the Americas• Dutch West India Company wanted

more settlers• Offered large estates to anyone who

could bring 50 settlers to work the land

• The landowners who acquired these estates were called patroonspatroons

• Patroons ruled like kings• Had their own courts and laws• Settlers owed the patroon labor and

a share of their crops

England Takes Over• England wanted to acquire the Dutch

Colony• Because of its harbor and trade• 1664- England sent a fleet to attack

New Amsterdam• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor• He was unprepared for battle and

surrendered the colony to the English• King Charles II gave the colony to his

brother, the Duke of YorkDuke of York, who renamed it…

• New York• It was a proprietary colonyproprietary colony• A colony in which the owner, or

proprietor, owned all the land and controlled the government

• Different from the New England colonies, where voters elected the governor and an assembly

• Not until 1691 did the English government allow citizens of New York elect their legislature

The Population of New York• New York continued to

prosper under English control

• Had a diverse population• Dutch, German, Swedish,

and Native American• Brazilian Jews, the first

Jews to settle in North America

• 1664- New York had about 8,000 inhabitants

• Including at least 300 enslaved Africans

• 1683- Population was about 12,000 people

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

In which colony did the first Jews settle in America?

A. New Jersey

B. Virginia

C. Maryland

D. New York

New Jersey• Duke of York gave the southern

part of his colony to Lord John Berkeley and Sir John Carteret

• Named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey in the English Channel (Carteret was born there)

• To attract settlers, thy offered large areas of land and freedom of religion

• Also trial by jury and representative assembly

• The Assembly would make the local laws and set tax rates

The Population of New Jersey• A place of ethnicethnic and religious

diversity• Had no natural harbors so it did

not develop a major port or city like New York

• The proprietors made few profits• Both proprietors eventually sold

their shares in the colony• By 1702 New Jersey had

returned to the king, becoming a royal colony

• Colonists continued to make local laws

Pennsylvania• King Charles II gave land to

William PennWilliam Penn to pay off a debt• Named it Pennsylvania and was

nearly as large England• Penn saw this as a “holy

experiment”• A chance to put his Quaker ideals

into practice• The QuakersQuakers, or Society of

Friends believed that everyone was equal

• People could follow their “inner light” to salvation

• They did not need a clergy to guide them

• Quakers were pacifistspacifists, people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars

• They were persecuted in England

Penn in Pennsylvania• 1682- Penn supervised

the building of Philadelphia, the “city of brotherly love”

• Penn designed the city and wrote their first constitution

• Penn believed the land belonged to the Native Americans and that settlers should pay for it

• He negotiated several treaties with local Native Americans

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Whom did William Penn believe rightfully owned the land where he planned to build Philadelphia?

A. The English

B. The Dutch

C. The Native Americans

D. The Swedes

The Population of Pennsylvania• Penn advertised the colony

throughout Europe• 1683- There were more than

3,000 English, Welsh, Dutch, and German settlers

• 1701, Charter of Liberties allowed colonists to elect representatives to the legislature

• Swedes settled southern Pennsylvania

• The Charter of Privileges allowed them to form their own legislature

• They then functionedfunctioned, or operated, as a separate colony known as Delaware under Pennsylvania’s governor

How did the Middle Colonies develop?

New York: Thriving Dutch colony seized by English; major port, proprietary colony; diverse population

New Jersey: piece of New York given to other proprietors; land and freedoms offered to attract settlers; diverse population; lacked major port so less profitable; became a royal colony

Pennsylvania: established under Quaker ideals; welcomed diverse immigrants; constitution; elected legislature

Delaware: lower part of Pennsylvania settled by the Swedes; allowed to function as a separate colony

Chapter 3 Section 3 Quiz

Which of the following was originally a Dutch colony?

New

Jer

sey

Rhode

Isla

nd

Phila

delp

hia

New

York

City

25% 25%25%25%A. New Jersey

B. Rhode Island

C. Philadelphia

D. New York City

Which of the following was named after an island in the English Channel?

Pen

nsylv

ania

Del

awar

e

New

Jer

sey

New

Am

ster

dam

25% 25%25%25%A. Pennsylvania

B. Delaware

C. New Jersey

D. New Amsterdam

America's first town planner was

Will

iam

Pen

n.

Pet

er S

tuyv

esan

t.

Oliv

er C

rom

well.

Sir

Geo

rge

Carte

ret.

25% 25%25%25%A. William Penn.

B. Peter Stuyvesant.

C. Oliver Cromwell.

D. Sir George Carteret.

Which document granted the Pennsylvania colonists the right to elect representatives to

the legislative assembly?

Char

ter o

f Colo

nists

Pen

n&#039

;s C

harte

r

Char

ter o

f Lib

ertie

s

Char

ter o

f Pen

nsyl

vania

25% 25%25%25%A. Charter of Colonists

B. Penn's Charter

C. Charter of Liberties

D. Charter of Pennsylvania

The Charter of Privileges allowed the lower counties of Pennsylvania to operate as a

separate colony known as

Phila

delp

hia.

New

Am

ster

dam.

South

ern P

ennsy

lvan

ia.

Del

awar

e.

25% 25%25%25%A. Philadelphia.

B. New Amsterdam.

C. Southern Pennsylvania.

D. Delaware.

Participant Scores

0 Participant 1

0 Participant 2

0 Participant 3

0 Participant 4

0 Participant 5

Team Scores

0 Team 1

0 Team 2

0 Team 3

0 Team 4

0 Team 5