life in the colonies chapter 4, section 1. the colonies between 1700 and 1770 the english colonies...
TRANSCRIPT
Life in the ColoniesLife in the Colonies
Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1
The Colonies The Colonies
Between 1700 and 1770 the English Between 1700 and 1770 the English colonies in America experienced a huge colonies in America experienced a huge increase!increase!
1700------1700------ 250,000 250,000 1770------1770------ 2.5 million 2.5 million The slave population also grew during this The slave population also grew during this
time. In 1700 you had approximately time. In 1700 you had approximately 28,000 slaves but by 1770 there were 28,000 slaves but by 1770 there were around 500,000!around 500,000!
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
Why do you think growth Why do you think growth occurred so quickly in the occurred so quickly in the colonies? colonies?
The ColoniesThe Colonies
Growth occurred for several reasons:Growth occurred for several reasons:
1.1. ImmigrationImmigration
2.2. Increase in African slavesIncrease in African slaves
3.3. Women in the colonies tended to marry Women in the colonies tended to marry early, sometimes as young as fifteen. early, sometimes as young as fifteen. People in the colonies also tended to People in the colonies also tended to have very large families.have very large families.
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
New HampshireNew Hampshire MassachusettsMassachusetts Rhode IslandRhode Island ConnecticutConnecticut
New England Colonies New England Colonies
Surprisingly the New England Surprisingly the New England colonies were actually a very colonies were actually a very healthy place to live.healthy place to live.
New England consisted of well New England consisted of well organized towns.organized towns.
Most farmers tended to their Most farmers tended to their farms which were located on the farms which were located on the outskirts of town.outskirts of town.
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
Farming was the main activity in all the Farming was the main activity in all the colonies, however, farms were much colonies, however, farms were much smaller in New England than those in the smaller in New England than those in the south. south.
Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming
New England practiced New England practiced subsistence subsistence farming farming which means that they grew just which means that they grew just enough to support their family. enough to support their family.
New England colonies relied on children New England colonies relied on children for much of the labor.for much of the labor.
Commerce in New England Commerce in New England
New England also had a variety of small New England also had a variety of small businesses.businesses.
People living near streams would create grinding People living near streams would create grinding mills or saw mills.mills or saw mills.
New England CommerceNew England Commerce
Many women made candles, soap and Many women made candles, soap and garments that could be sold or traded.garments that could be sold or traded.
Large towns had shoemakers, furniture Large towns had shoemakers, furniture makers, printers, gunsmiths and makers, printers, gunsmiths and blacksmiths.blacksmiths.
New England CommerceNew England Commerce Port cities became involved in Port cities became involved in
shipbuilding.shipbuilding. Fishing was also important commerce.Fishing was also important commerce.
Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies
New YorkNew York PennsylvaniaPennsylvania New JerseyNew Jersey DelawareDelaware
Life in the Middle ColoniesLife in the Middle Colonies
The Middle colonies enjoyed better soil The Middle colonies enjoyed better soil than did New England. Farms were larger than did New England. Farms were larger and produced better harvests. and produced better harvests.
The “Bread Basket”The “Bread Basket” The large quantities of wheat and grain The large quantities of wheat and grain
produced in places such as New York and produced in places such as New York and Pennsylvania were known as “cash crops” Pennsylvania were known as “cash crops” because they were sold easily in markets because they were sold easily in markets and overseas.and overseas.
Life in the Middle ColoniesLife in the Middle Colonies
The middle colonies also had industry such as The middle colonies also had industry such as carpentry, flour making, mining and iron mills.carpentry, flour making, mining and iron mills.
Diversity in the Middle ColoniesDiversity in the Middle Colonies
Immigrants from Germany, Sweden and Immigrants from Germany, Sweden and other European countries came to these other European countries came to these places because of their tolerance for places because of their tolerance for religious differences.religious differences.
Types of Religious Peoples: Types of Religious Peoples: Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Presbyterians, Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Presbyterians,
Lutherans, Mennonite, Dutch Reformed, Lutherans, Mennonite, Dutch Reformed, German Reformed, JewsGerman Reformed, Jews
Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies
MarylandMaryland VirginiaVirginia North CarolinaNorth Carolina South CarolinaSouth Carolina GeorgiaGeorgia
The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies
With their fertile soil and large harvest With their fertile soil and large harvest many people in the south were either many people in the south were either small or large scale farmers. small or large scale farmers.
Plantation SystemPlantation System Plantation system: type of farming with Plantation system: type of farming with
large pieces of land mostly run by slave large pieces of land mostly run by slave labor.labor.
This system is the This system is the main reason for the main reason for the growth of slavery in the south.growth of slavery in the south.
The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies
Tobacco was the main cash crop Tobacco was the main cash crop in both in both Maryland and Virginia. Preparing tobacco Maryland and Virginia. Preparing tobacco for sale required much labor so indentured for sale required much labor so indentured servants or African slaves were used.servants or African slaves were used.
Life in the Southern ColoniesLife in the Southern Colonies The main cash crop in South Carolina and The main cash crop in South Carolina and
Georgia was riceGeorgia was rice. Rice fields have to be flooded . Rice fields have to be flooded and drained. When harvested you would have and drained. When harvested you would have to often work in knee deep mud, in the blazing to often work in knee deep mud, in the blazing sun with no protection from things such as sun with no protection from things such as mosquitoes. Thus, Georgia and South Carolina mosquitoes. Thus, Georgia and South Carolina relied heavily on slave labor.relied heavily on slave labor.
Slavery Slavery
SlavesSlaves could have various jobs. Some would work in the could have various jobs. Some would work in the plantation home, however, plantation home, however, the majority would work as the majority would work as field hands.field hands.
Many slaves suffered great cruelty. Large plantation Many slaves suffered great cruelty. Large plantation owners would hire overseers, or bosses, to keep slaves owners would hire overseers, or bosses, to keep slaves working hard.working hard.
Slavery Slavery
In the early 1700’s, colonies created In the early 1700’s, colonies created slaveslave codescodes which governed how slaves could be which governed how slaves could be punished.punished.
Slaves could not leave plantations without Slaves could not leave plantations without written permission from the master. The codes written permission from the master. The codes also stated that also stated that slaves could be whipped slaves could be whipped for for minor offenses minor offenses and hanged or burned to death and hanged or burned to death for serious crimes. Those who tried to run away for serious crimes. Those who tried to run away would be punished severely.would be punished severely.
Social Levels of Colonial SocietySocial Levels of Colonial Society
GENTRY
MIDDLE CLASSand
APPRENTICES
LOWER CLASS INDENTURED SERVANTS
FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS
NATIVE AMERICANSAFRICAN AMERICAN SLAVES