chapter 2 section 2: fertile crescent empires. main idea indo-european invaders introduced new...
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Chapter 2 Section 2: Fertile Crescent Empires
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Main Idea
Indo-European invaders introduced new technologies to the Fertile Crescent while adapting earlier technologies developed by the civilizations they encountered there.
Reading Focus
•What military advantages helped the Hittites establish an empire in Asia Minor?
•What events led to the rise and fall of the Assyrian and Chaldean empires?
•What were the main achievements of the Phoenicians?
Section 2: Fertile Crescent Empires
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Summary
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I. The Hittites
Babylonian Empire declined, nomadic tribes fought over land and wealth
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I. The Hittites
Invaders included Indo-Europeans from the steppes north of Black Sea
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I. The Hittitesc. 2000 BC – Hittites settled in Asia Minor and built an empire
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I. The HittitesUsed war chariots and new tactics; sacked Babylon in 1595 BC
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I. The HittitesBlended their culture with cultures around them; were first to master ironworking
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II. The Assyrians and the Chaldeans
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A. The AssyriansCame from northern Mesopotamia By 900 BC empire included Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Egypt
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A. The AssyriansFierce warrior society; used war chariots, foot soldiers, cavalry - armed with iron weapons
Soldiers of Assyria going to battle
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A. The AssyriansMastered siege warfare; used terror to control conquered areas
Assyrians blinding prisoners. Captives were skinned alive, blinded, impaled, and had limbs, ears, noses, etc. cut off
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A. The AssyriansCreated efficient government using local leaders; system of roads connected the empire
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A. The AssyriansGreatest cultural achievement - library at Nineveh
Assyrian capital city, Nineveh
Library constructed during the reign of King Ashurbanipal (c. 668-627)
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B. The Chaldeans Assyria declined, Chaldeans took power and made Babylon their capital
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B. The Chaldeans Most famous king was Nebuchadnezzar II
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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B. The Chaldeans Fought Egyptians and Jews, captured Jerusalem, brought Jews to Babylon as slaves
Babylonian Captivity or Babylonian Exile
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III. The Phoenicians
Phoenician Cargo Ship
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A. Phoenician Trading Society
Phoenicia - western end of Fertile Crescent; farming difficult, turned to trading and the sea
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A. Phoenician Trading Society
Greatest traders of ancient world; established colonies in Italy, Spain, North Africa
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A. Phoenician Trading Society
Invented glassblowing; traded glass items, cedar wood, purple dye from a shellfish
Phoenician glass bead necklace The murex
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B. Phoenician Alphabet
Greatest achievement was world’s first alphabet