fertile crescent 1. rich fertile soil (tigris and euphrates rivers)
TRANSCRIPT
Fertile Crescent
• 1. Rich fertile soil (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
2. Bantu Migrations
• Movement of people from West Africa as a result of the Sahara Desert
ie: cultural diffusion
3. Paleolithic EraNeolithic Revolution
• Paleolithic – hunters followed their food
• Neolithic – hunters followed their food and then brought it home. = first civilization
4. Polytheistic/ Monotheistic
• Poly = many gods
• Mono = one god
5. Mandate of Heaven
• Order from god which selects leadership in China = Dynastic Cycle
6. Feudalism
• Military service exchanged for land and protection
7. Hellenistic Age
• Age of Alex the Great- he blended PIGE (Persian, Indian, Greek and Egyptian) cultures through his conquest. = cultural diffusion
8. Pax Romana (Golden Age)
• 200 years of peace in Rome
• Advancement in many areas
9. Silk Road
• Trade route that linked China with the west contributing to cultural diffusion.
10. Animism
• Belief that spirits live in the natural world
• Similar to Shintoism and Taoism
11. Hinduism• Religion
• India
• Polytheistic
• Reincarnation
• Karma
• Dharma
• Caste system (social structure)
• Moksha
• Upanishads, Gita, Vedas
12. Buddhism• Religion
• No gods
• Reincarnation
• Karma
• Dharma
• No caste system
• 4 Noble Truths and 8 Fold Path
• Nirvana
• 3 Baskets of Wisdom
13. Islam
• Religion
• Allah
• Muhammad
• 622 AD
• 5 Pillars (Hajj, Ramadan)
• mosque
• Quran (Koran)
14. Taoism
• Philosophy
• Balance and harmony
• Means “the way”
15. Shinto
• Japanese religion
• Means way of the gods
16. Confucianism
• Philosophy• China• 5 Relationships (set examples and follow them)• Filial Piety• Order, structure• The Analects (sacred book)
17. Early Chinese Society
18. Maurya and Gupta Dynasties
• India Empires
• Influenced by Hinduism
• 200 Years
• Fell due to weak leadership and invasions
19. Autocrat
• Single ruler with absolute power
20. Schism• A split within religion
• Examples:
• Protestant Reformation
• Sunni and Shiite Islam
• Eastern Orthodox
21. Golden Age of Islam
• Time period when things were good
• Many advancements
22. icon
• Holy image
23. Manorialism
• An economic system structured around a lord’s manor
• Goal: Self Sufficiency
24. Secular
• Worldly (non-religious)
• Associated with Renaissance
25. Crusades
• A series of religious wars attempting to obtain the holy land (Islam versus Catholicism)
• Resulted in an increase of trade
26. Japanese Feudal Structure
27. Bushido
• Code of conduct for a samurai
28. Yuan Dynasty
• Kublai Khans reign
29. Mughal Dynasty
• Akbar the Great
• Religious toleration
30. Renaissance
• Time period when people began to question the Church, a time of Rebirth of science, arts and literature
31. Capitalism
• Economic system based on trade and capital, money is used for investment.
• Free Market
• Supply and Demand
32. Humanism
• Way of thinking that emerged during the Renaissance that promoted the individual
33. 95 Theses
• List of grievances written by Martin Luther against the sale of indulgences created the Protestant Reformation.
34. Protestant Reformation
• A schism in the Catholic Church that created the Protestant religion.
35. Magna Carta
• A charter signed by England’s King John in 1215
• Placed limits on the King’s power
36. Savanna or Steppe
• Grassy plain
37. Constantinople
• The Rome of the eastern world
• Heart of the Byzantine Empire
38. Reconquista
• A campaign to reclaim Spain from the Muslims = Spain’s crusades
39. Imperialism
• Domination by one country of the political, economic and social life of another region
• Justified by Social Darwinism
40. Sepoy
• An Indian in the British military
• Sepoy Rebellion
41. Conquistador
• A Spanish conqueror
42. Middle Passage
• The voyage from Africa to the Americas (slave trade)
43. Encomienda
• A system used in the Americas that allowed colonists to demand labor from the locals = slavery
44. Columbian Exchange
• Global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology that began in the 1400’s
45. Mercantilism
• An economic policy by which a nation tries to export more than it imports
• When a nation’s wealth is measured by the amount of gold and silver it possesses.
• The main purpose of a colony is to enrich the parent country.
46. Absolutism
• A political system where the rulers have absolute power
• Power comes from god (divine rule)
47. Glorious Revolution
• Non-violent overthrow of James II by
William and Mary of Orange.
• They signed the English Bill of Rights which further limited kings powers and created a limited monarchy.
48. English Bill of Rights
• A document that gave rights to the people and took power away from the monarchy
49. Scientific Revolution
• 1500’s and 1600’s new way of thinking
that challenged traditional ideas of the Catholic Church.
50. Enlightenment
• The period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a belief in human reason.
• People started to question the relationship between themselves and their government.
51. Estates General
• The representation of the 3 estates in France.
• Louis XVI refused to meet with the representative of the Estates General
52. National Assembly
• Group formed by the Third Estate in 1789
at the Tennis Court Oath
• Vowed to stay united until every man had the right to vote in France
53. Coup de tat• A quick and sudden overthrow of a
government
• Examples:
• Iranian Revolution (Ayatollah Khomeini)
• Cuban Revolution (Castro)
• Egyptian Revolution (Mubarak)
54. Napoleonic Code
• A code of laws
55. Congress of Vienna
• A meeting headed by Metternich after Napoleon’s defeat
• Tried to “turn back the clock” to “old” conservative ways (keep King’s on their thrones)
• Re-drew the map of Europe
• Surrounded France with strong countries
• Create a lasting peace
56. Nationalism
• A feeling of pride for one’s nation or group
57. Russification
• An attempt by Russians to make all people think and act like Russians
58. INC
• Indian National Congress – political party in India used to help India put pressure on the British.
59. Pan-Slavism
• Nationalist movement to unite all Slavic peoples
60. Zionism
• Desire to create a Jewish state in Palestine
62. Laissez Faire
• Economic concept that felt government should not have a hand in regulating a countries business.
• Supply and Demand should regulate the eocnomy
63. Suffrage
• The right to vote
64. Treaty of Kanagawa
• The treaty that forced Japan to open its ports to trade (Meiji Restoration)
65. Meiji Restoration
• The time period when Japan opened up to western ways
• Modernized
• Ended isolation
66. Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution
• 1917
• During WWI
• Treaty of Brest-Litvosk
• Lenin took over after the death of Czar Nicholas II
• Turned Russia into a communist state USSR
67. Boer War
• A war between the British and the Dutch Boers (farmers) in South Africa over the rights to diamonds and gold in the region.
• The end result was the creation of the segregation policy known as apartheid.
68. Opium War
• A conflict between the British and Chinese over the sale of Opium that came from their colonial possession, India.
69. Treaty of Nanjing
• The treaty that Britain forced China to sign after the Opium War
• Hong Kong taken as a 200 Year lease
70. Sphere of Influence
• An area where countries claim exclusive trading rights and spread their influence
71. Boxer Rebellion
• China’s attempt to get rid of western influence in their country.
72. Militarism
• Glorification of war
73. Total War
• The complete and total involvement of a nation in a war effort.
74. Propaganda
• The spreading of an idea to promote a cause
75. Reparations
• Payment for war damages
76. NEP
• New Economic Policy
• Plan created by Lenin to transform the economy in the USSR
77. Totalitarian State
• A single party dictatorship that controls all aspects of peoples lives
• Use censorship, secret police, and propaganda
78. Command Economy
• An economy in which government makes all the decisions
79. 5 Year Plan
• Stalin’s series of ideas to improve the USSR’s economy and increase food production.
• Only area of success was in building heavy industry.
80. Collective
• A large farm, owned and operated by the workers as a whole (communism)
81. Treaty of Versailles
• The peace treaty signed after WWI
• Placed blame on Germany
• Established new countries
82. League of Nations
• A peace keeping organization formed after WWI
83. Mandate
• Territory being controlled by a foreign power
• Typically gifted to the “winners” of a war
84. Fascism
• An authoritarian government that is not communist.
• Mussolini, Hitler, Franco
85. Appeasement
• Giving in to one’s demands
• Example: Hitler and the Sudentanland (Munich Pact)
86. United Nations
• A peace organization formed after WWII
87. Iron Curtain
• Division line of ideologies during the Cold War.
• East = communism
• West = democracy
88. Cold War
• A state of tension between the superpowers
• Superpowers:
• U.S. Democracy versus USSR Communism
89. Containment
• The US attempt to contain communism within the eastern countries of the world and stop it from spreading to the rest of the world.
89. Marshall Plan
• A tool for containment.
• U.S. aid for countries to become democratic rather than communist
90. NATO
• Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization
• A pact between anti-communist nations ( U.S. and its allies)
91. Warsaw Pact
• A pact between anti-democratic countries
• Russia dominated this organization
92. Truman Doctrine
• An economic and military program to promote democracy established by President Truman
93. Satellites
• A smaller country that economically and politically depends on a stronger country.
• The relationship within the Warsaw Pact between Russia and the other nations engulfed in the union.
94. OPEC
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Regulates oil prices
95. Long March
• When Mao and the communists ran from Chiang Kai Shek toward northern China away from the Guomindang (nationalists) led by Chaing Kai Shek.
• Mao recruited supporters to the communist movement.
96. Great Leap Forward
• Mao’s plan for China
• Attempted to create self sufficiency by using collectives.
• The result was massive starvation.
97. Cultural Revolution
• Mao’s program to eliminate any opposition to his plans.
• Forced people to live according to “Mao’s” ways
98. Red Guards
• Mao’s police force
• Most were young
• Pushed the reading of his Little Red Book on all Chinese
99. Tiananmen Square
• A pro-democracy movement in China that ended in violence when Deng Xiaoping sent in the army with tanks to shut down the protestors.
• 1989
100. PLO
• Palestinian Liberation Organization
• Yassir Arafat original leader
101. Islamic Fundamentalism
• A movement to bring back the “basics” of Islam when it is believed that the religion has been corrupted by outside ways (western ways).
• Uses Sharia law (traditional Islamic Law)
102. Détente
• A state of relaxed tensions between the US and the USSR (end of Cold War)
102. Perestroika
• The re-structuring of the economy in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev in an attempt to prevent the collapse of the USSR.
• It failed.
103. Glasnost
• A policy of openness under Gorbachev
104. Ethnic Cleansing
• The deliberate and intentional attempt to get rid of a race or ethnic group
• Very similar to a genocide
105. NAFTA
• North American Free Trade Agreement
• Increases trade between North American nations (Canada, U.S. and Mexico)
106. Post-Colonialism
• A term used to describe conditions in nations that were once colonies
107. Refugee
• A person who flees their country
108. Trade Deficit
• When a nation imports more than it exports
• Buys more than it sells
109. IMF
• International Monetary Fund
• Loans money to countries
110. IRA
• Irish Republican Army
111. Human Rights Declaration
• A document that “should” protect basic rights for all created by the United Nations after the Holocaust.
112. Westernization
• A process of adopting western ways
113. Urbanization
• The movement of people from the country to the city
114. Green Revolution
• The attempt to produce more food in India
• Seeds were chemically altered to be more resistant to disease.
• Ideas started from a scientist named Norman Borlag
115. Deforestation/ Desertification
• The destruction of the forest
• The changing of farm land to desert
116. Cyber Dissident
• Some one or a group that uses the internet to speak out against their government.
• Example: Egyptian revolution