PERCEPTION OF OTHERS

Group 5

Uncertainty reduction Definition: The process of monitoring the

social environment to learn more about self and others.

Interaction gain information and form impressions of others.

The more they learn about each other and find commonalities, the less uncertain they are about each other

Factors influence perceptions of others

1. Observing others

2. Using stereotypes

3. Emotional state

4. Perceiving others’ message

5. Improving the accuracy of social perceptions

Observing others

Initial social perceptions or first impressions of

others are usually made from observations

These impressions influence how we act

toward them

We make similar judgments about people we

meet online: based on their profile, pictures,

nicknames, comments …

Implicit personality theories

Sometimes we make judgments of other

people based on implicit personality

theories

Definition: assumptions about which physical

characteristics and personality traits or

behaviors are associated with one another.

Halo effect

• When you judge others based on implicit

personality theories your perception is

based on the halo effect

• Definition: to generalize and perceive that a

person has a whole set of characteristics

when you have actually observed only one

characteristic, trait, or behavior.

Two types of halo effects:

Positive halo: admit positive characteristics to others

Negative halo: impute negative characteristics to

others

sang

cam

Perceiving Others’ Messages Our observations of others and our

emotional state certainly affect how we perceive others. They also tend to influence how we perceive the messages others send to us.

Two additional factors that influence how we perceive others’ messages are

context shared language

Context The better we know someone, the more

likely we are to share an understanding of the context in which our messages are sent and received.

When we don’t know someone well or when we are speaking with several people or a large audience, there are expanded opportunities for messages to be perceived differently.

Shared language

Even when both participants speak the same language, they might not enjoy a “shared language” in terms of how each one perceives specific words, visual images, and nonverbal cues.

To clarify, the sender might use a word with which the receiver is unfamiliar, ambiguously use a word that has multiple meanings, misuse a symbol, or use a personal definition of a word.

Understanding how observations and emotional states, as well as context and shared language affect our perceptions of others and the messages they send is a first step in improving your perceptual accuracy.

Improving the Accuracy of Social Perceptions

Question the accuracy of your perceptions

Seek more information to verify perceptions

try to collect additional information so that your perceptions are better grounded

talk with the person and ask for the information you need to become more comfortable

Realize that your perceptions of a person will change over time

People often base their behavior on perceptions that are old or based on incomplete information.

Use the skill of perception checking

verbalize the perception and see whether others agree with what you see, hear and interpret.

3 steps :(1) watch the behavior of the other person(2) ask yourself “What does that behavior mean to me?(3) describe the behavior and put your interpretation into words

SUMMARY

Observing Others: first impressions, use the profile and other pictures that people post to judge somebody we meet online…

Using Stereotypes: - it is human nature to name, label, and organize in order to make sense of the stimuli.- stereotyping can lead to prejudice and discrimination

Emotional State: the factor that affects how accurately we perceive others is our emotional state at the time of the interaction

Perceiving Others’ Messages:- we interpret the content of the speaker based on the context- even when both participants speak the same language, they might not understand each other.

Improving the Accuracy of Social Perceptions: Question the accuracy, seek more information, perceptions will change over time, perception checking.

THANKS FOR YOU ATTENTION!

Group members: 1. Dinh Quoc Minh Dang2. Vo Huu Loc3. Nguyen Dinh Minh Sang4. Tran Thi Ngan Giang5. Nguyen Ngoc Cam6. Nguyen Hong To Ngan