Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

What do you think contributed most to the continued use of enslaved workers in the South?

A. The invention of the cotton gin

B. The rise of cotton as the dominant cash crop in the South

C. The sparse population of the South

D. The lack of industry and factory work in the South

A B C D

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How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom• Eli Whitney’s cotton

gin transformed cotton production

• To the South it was the “most perfect and the most valuable invention”

• 1790- The South was an underdeveloped agricultural region

• In 1790, most Southerners lived in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina (Upper South)

Changes in the South• 1850- Population

spread inland to the Deep South

• Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas

• The economy was thriving

• But DEPENDED on slavery

• Slavery was growing stronger than ever in the South

• Due to cotton

Cotton Rules the Deep South• In colonial times, the

main crops of the South were…

• Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo

• After the American Revolution, the demand for these crops decreased

• European mills wanted Southern cotton

• Cotton took a lot of work to produce and workers had to separate the sticky seeds from the cotton fibers

Making Cotton Production Easier• With Eli Whitney’sEli Whitney’s cotton gincotton gin a

worker could produce 50 times more each day

• Because the cotton gin processed cotton fibers so quickly, farmers wanted to grow more cotton to increase their profits

• Southern planters depended on slave labor to plant and pick their cotton

• The Upper South produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables

• The Deep South was COMMITTED to cotton

• The value on enslaved people increased

• The Upper South became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A B

C

D

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By how much did Whitney’s cotton gin increase production of cotton per day?

A. 10 times more

B. 50 times more

C. 100 times more

D. It did not increase cotton production at all.

Industry in the South• Very little manufacturing took

place in the South• The entire South had a lower

value of manufactured goods than the state of Pennsylvania

• There were many barriers to industry in the South

• 1. Cotton was so valuable (Main reason)

• 2. There was a lack of capitalcapital (Would have to sell slaves to build factories)

• 3. The market for manufactured goods in the South was small (Enslaved people didn’t have money)

• 4. Southerners simply didn’t want industry

• “As long as we have our rice, our sugar, our tobacco and our cotton, we can command wealth to produce all we want”

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D A B

C

D

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What was the main reason that the Southern economy remained largely agricultural?

A. Southerners lacked the capital to start industries.

B. Cotton sales were very profitable.

C. Southerners refused to work in factories.

D. Costs to ship goods to markets were too high.

Southern Factories• Some Southern leaders

wanted to develop industry in the South

• They realized they depended too much on the North for manufactured goods

• They also said the factories would help the less prosperous economy of the Upper South

• William GreggWilliam Gregg (S.C.) opened his own textile factory

• Joseph Reid AndersonJoseph Reid Anderson (Va) took over the Tredegar Iron Works

• During the Civil War, Tredegar provided artillery and other iron products for the Southern forces

• These industries were the exception rather than the rule in the South

Southern Transportation• Natural rivers were used

for transportation in the South

• Most towns were located on the coast or by rivers

• Few canals existed and roads were poor

• The South had fewer railroads than the North

• Southern railroads were short, local, and not interlinked

• Only 1/3 of the nation’s rail lines were in the South

• This rail shortage would seriously hinder the South during the Civil War

How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?

-The South’s economy was based on agriculture/ The North’s economy was based on industry

-The South’s economy depended on slavery, while slavery had almost disappeared in the North

The demand for cotton from the South came from mills in

Mex

ico

the

North

Euro

pe A

sia

25% 25%25%25%A. Mexico

B. the North

C. Europe

D. Asia

A shortage of what would have devastating consequences for the South during the Civil

War?

can

als

railr

oads

rive

rs

road

s

25% 25%25%25%A. canals

B. railroads

C. rivers

D. roads

What did the thriving economy of the South depend on?

toba

cco

rice

sla

very

railr

oads

25% 25%25%25%A. tobacco

B. rice

C. slavery

D. railroads

Which of the following kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860?

cotto

n gin

dem

and in

Euro

pe

sla

very

larg

e pla

ntatio

ns

25% 25%25%25%A. cotton gin

B. demand in Europe

C. slavery

D. large plantations

Which area became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people throughout

the South?

Dee

p Sou

th

Upper

Sout

h

Louis

iana

South

Car

olina

25% 25%25%25%A. Deep South

B. Upper South

C. Louisiana

D. South Carolina

The main crop of the Deep South was

sugar

cane

.

toba

cco.

cotto

n.

rice

.

25% 25%25%25%A. sugarcane.

B. tobacco.

C. cotton.

D. rice.

The entire South had a lower value of manufactured goods than

Rhode

Isla

nd.

Pen

nsylv

ania

.

Ohio

.

Mas

sach

usetts

.

25% 25%25%25%A. Rhode Island.

B. Pennsylvania.

C. Ohio.

D. Massachusetts.

What South Carolina merchant opened a textile factory?

Will

iam

Gre

gg

Jose

ph Rei

d Ander

son

Eli

Whi

tney

Eyr

e Cro

we

25% 25%25%25%A. William Gregg

B. Joseph Reid Anderson

C. Eli Whitney

D. Eyre Crowe

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