Changes in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton ProductionChanges in Cotton Production

18201820

18601860

What invention

might caused this change?

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

What is this cartoonist’s opinions of

slavery

What is this cartoonist’s opinion of slavery?

1817: 1st organized anti-slavery/emancipa

tion movementAmerican Colonization

Society – proposed returning freed slaves

to AfricaJeffery Swag Howard

is awesome!!

Antislavery

I. Explain the conditions slaves faced• Clothes distributed twice a year, shoes

only in winter• ½ of slave babies died before age 1• Women = threatened by sexual abuse

II. Who were the reformers?• Angelina and Sarah Grimke• Frederick Douglass (published The North

Star)• William Lloyd Garrison (published The

Liberator)

Gradualism to Abolition:Many proposed a gradual end to slavery by prohibiting it in the

Western territories; some proposed MANUMISSION – freeing of slaves

voluntarily

Antislavery Reformers

Raised in the South on a plantation; after witnessing the

injustices of slavery, began speaking out against it (called for the abolition of slavery);

among the 1st females abolitionists to speak out

against slavery

Born a slave in Maryland; separated from his mother when only a few weeks old. Taught to read by a female owner (though forbidden); escaped slavery by

impersonating a sailor

Though an unpopular point of view, advocated for the

immediate emancipation of all slaves; gained a reputation for being one of the most radical

abolitionists

AntislaveryIII. What did the reformers propose as a

solution?• Abolition: END to slavery• “Back to Africa” Movement: est. Liberia as

a colony for free black Americans

IV. What tactics did anti-slavery reformers support?• Nat Turner’s Rebellion: slaves in VA killed

white families and recruited slaves as they walked

• Underground Railroad: network of safe escape routes to Canada

• Missouri Compromise: law that limited slavery to states below the 36’30 latitude line

Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesQuilt Patterns as Secret MessagesQuilt Patterns as Secret MessagesQuilt Patterns as Secret Messages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

http://www.osblackhistory.com/songs.php

http://www.osblackhistory.com/quilts.php

Risks Risks facing facing

runawaysrunaways

Risks Risks facing facing

runawaysrunaways

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Describe the Victorian woman

The Cult of Domesticity• “A really sensible woman feels her

dependence. She does what she can, but she is conscious of her inferiority and therefore grateful for support”

• “A wife should occupy herself only with domestic affairs- wait till your husband confides to you those of high importance- and do not give your advice until he asks for it. At all times she should behave in a manner becoming a woman, who had not arms other than gentleness. Thus, if he is abusive, never retort.”

• “Females should become as little children and avoid a controversial spirit”

“That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain’t I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain’t I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man – when I could get it – and bear the lash as well! And ain’t I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain’t I a woman?”

How does “that man over there”

think women should be treated?

Sojourner Truth make the point that

“Nobody ever helps me...” She says this not as a complaint, but as a point. How does she prove that

she is as tough as any man (if not tougher!)?

“Then that little man in black there, he says women can’t have as much rights as men, ‘cause Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.”

Why does “that little man in black” think women are inferior to

men?

Sojourner Truth references two

women that play significant roles in

the Christian religion (Mary and

Eve). How do these particular

women give credibility to

Sojourner Truth’s argument?

Women’s RightsI. Explain the problem women faced

• Expected to be pure, pious, domestic, and obedient

• 2nd class citizens – cannot vote, control property/ children, initiate divorce, make wills, sign contracts

• Victims of domestic abuse

II. Who were the reformers• Lucretia Mott• Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Susan B. Anthony • Sojourner Truth

• Declaration of Sentiments

III.What did the reformers propose as a solution• Suffrage = enfranchisement for women (right

to vote)• Repeal all laws placing women in “inferior

position”

Women’s Rights Reformers

Quaker advocating anti-slavery and women’s rights

Along with Mott, led the women’s rights

convention at Seneca Falls in 1848; writer of

the Declaration of Sentiments

Quaker, active in the temperance movement

(though forbidden to participate in rallies);

through a friendship with Stanton became active in the women’s rights and abolitionist movements

Born into slavery; took her name ‘Sojourner Truth’ believing it to be on the instruction of the Spirit;

became a travelling preacher. Connected with

the abolitionist and women’s rights

movements

The Lyceum Committeemen’s Dream