GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATIONCh.3

JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

Jefferson vs. Adams----rematch from 1796 election Thomas Jefferson- leader of Democratic-

Republicans John Adams- incumbent president

Election of 1800 Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes

but his running mate (Aaron Burr) tied him House of Rep. was called to break the tie Alexander Hamilton convinced his supporters

(Federalists) to cast blank votes Jefferson won majority vote by 2

Flawed system Revealed a flaw in the electoral process Led to 12th Amendment: President & VP are

placed on same ballot and voters vote for that party together

SIMPLIFYING GOVERNMENT Jefferson believed people should control the government and a simple gov. is best suited to peoples needs

Cutting Costs Reduced size of army Halted expansion of Navy Lowered expenses for gov. social functions

Eliminated internal taxes

Washington, D.C. Jefferson was the first president to take office in the new capital

Changed the influence of the South on federal politics

SUPREME COURT

President Adams tried to influence future political decisions by appointing Federalists to the Supreme Court Signed documents outlining these apts. were not delivered before he left office

Jefferson ordered that these apts. were invalid

Marbury vs. Madison- 1803 Federalists chief justice John Marshall declared that the Judiciary Act of 1789 (would have forced Madison to hand over papers) was UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Established principle of Judicial Review: ability of Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional

JEFFERSON’S LEGACY 1800 Napoleon persuaded Spain to return the

Louisiana Territory back to France All lands from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mts.

Americans feared an increase in French presence would force us into an alliance with GB

Louisiana Purchase (1803) Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. $15 million sale price Doubled the size of U.S.---- 828,000 square miles of land

Lewis & Clark- 1804 Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Led a expedition of the newly purchased land Returned with valuable information about the

West (Indians, resources, etc.) Showed transcontinental travel was possible

MADISON BECOMES PRESIDENT

Background Developed Virginia Plan “Father of the Constitution” Sec. of State for 8 yrs. under Jefferson

Defeated C.C. Pinkney easily to win the 1808 election

WAR OF 1812 Causes

1. Impressment: British seizing of American people/ships and forcing them into the British Navy

2. British officials in Canada were supplying Native Americans with weapons to fight against the colonists

Course of War British occupied mostly with Napoleon in Europe British capture Washington D.C.--- burned the

Capitol building, Whitehouse & government buildings

Battle of New Orleans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0 U.S. led by Gen. Andrew Jackson (Tenn.) British & U.S. had already signed a peace agreement Jackson didn’t receive the news in time and defeated the

British Treaty of Ghent- officially ended the war

NATIONALISM SHAPES FOREIGN POLICY

James Monroe- elected in 1816 (**5th President**) Sec. of State under Madison Established foreign policy based on

nationalism- national interest should be placed ahead of regional concerns

Monroe’s Agenda1. National Security2. Expansion

Convention of 1818 Established U.S. border @ 49th parallel from

Michigan to Rocky Mts. Agreement with British to jointly occupy the

Oregon Territory Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) - FL transferred

from Spain to the U.S.

MONROE DOCTRINE Causes

Russia started establishing trading posts in CA Threatened our trade with China

Spain & Portugal tried to reclaim colonial areas

Americans wanted to colonize N. Mexico & Cuba

1823 Pres. Monroe warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere 1. Cannot be colonized 2. Governments cannot be overthrown3. Interference would warrant military

action by the U.S. 4. U.S. also would not interfere with

European affairs