Expansion of Europe

Crusades

• The Seljuk Turks cut off access to Jerusalem during the 11th century• Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095• The first crusade was successful and gained

control of a narrow strip of land for a short period.

• Other crusades were unsuccessful and were ended in the 13th century

• The Roman Church then changed the mission of the crusades.– Now they attacked the Muslims and anyone that

taught different doctrines than the Roman Church were killed

What were the Motives of the Crusades?

• ROMAN CHURCH– Created an opportunity to expand its influence

• NOBLES– An opportunity for gaining wealth and land

• MERCHANTS– A source of great wealth as they delivered armies

and supplies and returned which shiploads of treasures to sell

What were the results of the Crusades?

1. The deaths of many thousands of fighters and civilians

2. Europeans were unable to maintain their hold on the Holy Land

3. The knowledge of the Muslims and Byzantine Empire found its way to England

4. Developed a middle class due to the increased trade5. Manufacturing methods used by Muslims were

brought back to England

Medieval Technology in England

• England was better known for finding new ways to use technology rather than inventing new tools or devices.

• Horse collar, water mills, Arabic numerals, windmills, compass, cannon, crossbow and armor

• Invented the mechanical clock• Invented spectacles (glasses)

Money

• Increase in trade led to a money economy• Every town had its own money.• Led to development of moneychangers– They knew the value of coins and exchanged

money• Banks also developed

• Money lending also developed• Banks also issued letters of credit– Allowed a merchant to travel without large sums

of money on him