8/8/2019 Carbon Sequestration. Science 25 September 2009

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Section NameCarbonSequestration

Southwest Regional Partnership

PRICE, UTAH, USASize: Up to 900,000 metric tons CO

2over 4 years

Start Date: 20082

CO2

will be injected into deep underground

saltwater formations that are primary targets

for commercial-scale CO2

disposal from future

coal-fired power plants planned for the area.

Schwarze PumpeSOUTHEAST OF BERLIN, GERMANY

Size: 100,000 metric tons of CO2

over 3 years

Start Date: 20093

CO2

from a lignite- and coal-burning pilot

plant will be captured, liquefied, and

injected underground.

K12-B CO2

Injection Project

NORTH SEA, NETHERLANDS

Size: 200,000 metric tons/yr

Start Date: 20044

The K12-B site has produced natural gas

since 1987. CO2

from the field is now

separated from the natural gas and

reinjected into the same reservoir from

which it came.

Sleipner West

NORTH SEA, NORWAY

Size: 1 Mt/yr

Start Date: 19965

Natural gas pumped from this North Sea

gas rig is stripped of CO2, which is then

reinjected into a deep geological layer

below the Sleipner platform.

Snhvit

BARENTS SEA, NORWAY

Size: 700,000 metric tons/yr

Start Date: 20086

This offshore gas field produces liquefi

natural gas. CO2

is separated from the

gas and reinjected 2600 meters below

the sea floor.

1

2

CO2

Weyburn-Midale Project

SASKATCHEWAN, CANADASize: 1 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr)Start Date: 2000

1CO

2from a synfuels plant in North Dakota in

the United States is piped 330 km to Weyburn,

where it is pumped into an active oil well to

enhance the amount of recovered oil.

To slow the atmospheric buildup of CO2, a report from

the U.S. National Research Council recently called forbuilding a suite of 15 to 20 power plants with carbon cap-

ture and storage (CCS) before 2020. The urgency of getting

started on these demonstrations to clarify future deployment

options cannot be overstated, the report said. Today, a few

such projects are under development. Most aim either to bury

CO2

separated from natural gas reservoirs or to pump it into oil

reservoirs to push out more oil. This map shows some of the

major CCS projects around the world.

Adapted from the Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage, University of Edinburgh. Sources: U.S. DOE, (Individualprojects) MIT Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies, International Energy Agency, CooperativeResearch Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CRCCO2), (Graphics and layout: N. Kevitiyagala/Science)

644Published by AAAS

8/8/2019 Carbon Sequestration. Science 25 September 2009

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SPECIALSECTIO

CREDIT(TOPTOB

OTTOM):

12

Planning

In process

Completed

Project Stages

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

10

Recopol

KANIOW, POLAND

Size: 760 metric tons of CO2

Start Date: 20047

The first project of its kind in Europe. CO2

was stored initially as a liquid, then heated

and injected into coal seams about 1100

meters underground. Injection ended in

2005; site monitoring continues.

In Salah

IN SALAH, ALGERIA

Size: 1.2 Mt/yr

Start Date: 20048

CO2

from this natural gas field is

compressed and reinjected into a

water-filled deposit 1800 meters

below the ground.

GreenGen

TIANJIN, CHINA

Size: 1 Mt/yr

Start Date: 20169

Erdos

ERDOS, INNER MONGOLIA, CHINASize: up to 3.6 Mt/yrStart Date: late 2009

10Otway Basin

SOUTHWEST VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA

Size: 100,000 metric tons CO2

over 1 to 2 years

Start Date: late 2008

11Australias first CO

2deep geological

sequestration demonstration project.

CO2

from a natural gas well is separated,

compressed, and injected into a depleted

gas reservoir some 2050 meters underground.

Gorgon

BARROW ISLAND, AUSTRALIA

Size: 3.3 Mt/yr

Start Date: 200912

One of the worlds biggest CO2

sequestration experiments. CO2

from

natural gas fields will be separated

and injected into a saltwater reservoi

2300 meters below Barrow Island

in Australia.

CO2

from gasified coal will be recove

before combustion and probably used

oil recovery.

(See page 1646.)

An innovative coal-to-liquid fuel plant

will capture CO2

for use in oil recovery.

(See page 1646.)

Published by AAAS