Carbon Chemistry

AKA Organic Chemistry

Just the Basics!Carbon Chemistry

The chemistry of carbon is important. Carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains, rings, and branching networks to form a variety of structures, including synthetic polymers, oils, and the large molecules essential to life. C5.8A Draw structural formulas for up to ten carbon chains of simple hydrocarbons. C5.8B Draw isomers for simple hydrocarbons. C5.8C Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers.

C5.8 Carbon Chemistry (MDE)

Carbon is the basis for organic chemistry, as it occurs in all living organisms.

Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself and many other chemical elements, forming nearly ten million compounds.

Interesting Carbon Facts

NOT the same!!!

Elemental carbon can take the form of one of the hardest substances (diamond) or one of the softest (graphite).

Carbon is made in the interiors of stars, though it was not produced in the Big Bang. Interesting Carbon Facts

Carbon compounds have limitless uses. Elemental form Diamond is a gemstone and used for drilling/cutting; Graphite is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and to protect against rustCharcoal is used to remove toxins, tastes, and odors. The isotope Carbon-14 is used in radiocarbon dating.

Interesting Carbon Facts

Carbon has the highest melting/sublimation point of the elements. The melting point of diamond is ~3550CSublimation point of carbon around 3800C.

Pure carbon exists free in nature and has been known since prehistoric time.

Interesting Carbon Facts

Cosquer Cave (France)

The origin of the name 'carbon' comes from the Latin word carbo, for charcoal. Pure carbon is considered non-toxic, although inhalation of fine particles, such as soot, can damage lung tissue. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (hydrogen, helium, and oxygen are found in higher amounts, by mass).

Interesting Carbon Facts

Organic compounds are named with a different set of rules than Inorganic Compounds.Simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons (only hydrogen and carbon atoms)Alkanes Simplest form of hydrocarbon because it only has single bonds.Alkenes Contain double bondsAlkynes Contain triple bonds

Naming Organic Molecules

First step of naming organic compounds is identifying the number of carbon atomsAdd PrefixNaming Organic MoleculesNumber of carbons12345678910PrefixMethEthPropButPentHexHeptOctNonDec

Next, add a suffix to indicate the type of carbon bonds.-ane means single bonds-ene means double bonds-yne means triple bonds

If it forms a ring, a pre-pre fix (cyclo-) is added.Naming Organic Molecules

EXAMPLES Name these:

C2H6Ethane

CH3CH2CH2CH3Butane

Cyclobutane

Naming Organic Molecules

Nonane

These are all examples of ALKANES.

Notice: no double bonding!

EXAMPLE How about this?

These are all the same, but drawn differently. To account for the alkene, we have to identify location.It is attached to the third carbon, therefore its name:3-OcteneNaming Organic Molecules

Definition: A chemical species with the same number and types of atoms as another chemical species, but possessing different properties.What does that mean???Carbons can be arranged in different ways, even though it has the same formula.Isomers

IsomersThe larger the molecule, the more isomers it can have.Alkane (Number of Carbon)Formula Number of IsomersPropane (3)C3H8 1Butane (4)C4H10 2Pentane (5)C5H123Hexane (6)C6H145Heptane (7)C7H169Octane (8)C8H18 18Nonane (9)C9H20 35Decane(10)C10H2275

The parent compound must have the longest chain of carbon atoms.The parent chain is numbered to give substituents the lowest possible numbers. Substituent names are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. The number showing the point of attachment to the parent chain precedes the substituent name.OH NO! Naming these things!

2-methylbutane

Examples Try to name these:

3-Ethylhexane3-methyloctane

But we dont need to bother with that Lets move on!

Wait, theres more!!!

Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers.

Polymer???Take organic compounds and link them together andITS A POLYMER!Living things use these all the time!Michigan Standard C5.8C

Remember way back when you took biology???Protein

Sugars linked together!Starch

You made it! I think we have this covered!

PRACTICE TIME!Identifying organic compounds worksheet.Covered