carbon and its compounds mohanraj.pptx

8/11/2019 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS MOHANRAJ.pptx

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CARBON AND ITS

COMPOUNDSDone by

Mohan Raj B Mohan Raj S

Manikandhan M Mahesh BabuT S

Name of the Teacher: Gopala Krishnan


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OCCURRENCE OF CARBON

i)Carbon is found in the atmosphere, inside the earths

crust and in all living organisms.

ii) Carbon is present in fuels like wood, coal, charcoal,

coke, petroleum, natural gas, biogas, marsh gas etc.


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Contd

iii) Carbon is present in compounds like

carbonates,

hydrogen carbonates etc.

iv) Carbon is found in the free state as diamond,graphite, fullerenes etc.


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What is Carbon?

Carbon belongs to the group IV of the periodic

table.

It has four electrons in its outermost orbit, so

its valency is four.

Carbon is a non-metal.


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Why so many Carbon Compounds

in nature?

Because carbon is chemically unique.

Only carbon atoms have the ability to combine

with themselves to form long chains


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Carbon- Long Chains

A long chain, in turn, provides a convenient

backbone of atoms to which other atoms can

attach themselves in a variety of ways


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Allotropes of Carbon

In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms-

Diamond

Graphite


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What are Allotropes ?

Allotropes are elements which are chemically

identical, but they differ markedly in their

physical properties.

Diamond and Graphite two allotropes of

carbon differ in their physical properties.


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Physical Properties of Diamond

and Graphite

pertyPROPERTY DIAMOND GRAPHITE

Appearance Transparent Black, Shiny

Hardness Very Hard Soft, slippery to touch

Thermal Conductivity Very poor moderate

Electrical Conductivity Poor Good conductor

Density(kg/m3) 3510 2250

Uses Jewellery, drilling Dry cell, electric arc,lubricant, pencil lead


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How Diamond and Graphite are

chemically identical?

These results of these experimentsanswer this question:

On heating diamond or graphite in the air,they burn completely to form carbondioxide.

Equal quantities of diamond and graphitewhen burned, produce exactly the sameamount of carbon dioxide.


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Why the physical properties of

diamond and graphite are so different?

Due to the difference in the arrangement of

carbon atoms in diamond and graphite


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Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and

hydrogen.

The natural sourceof hydrocarbons is

petroleum (crude oil)


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The Simplest Hydrocarbon

A molecule of

methane has fourhydrogen atoms

linked to one central

atom of carbon.

Methane CH4


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Hydroca

rbons

S

a

t

u

ra

t

e

d

A

l

k

a

ne

s


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Alkanes

The hydrocarbons methane, ethane propane

and butane form a series of carbon

compounds known as alkanes

The alkanes series can be represented by the

general formula


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Isomerism

Compounds having the same molecular

formulae but different structural arrangement of

atoms in them are known as isomers, and the

phenomenon is known as isomerism

Isomers of Butane

Obtained by rearranging

the carbon and the

hydrogen atoms


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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double or

triple bond between two carbon atoms.

The one with double bond are called alkenes
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://chemistry.guide.ac/thumbs/ethene.jpg&imgrefurl=http://chemistry.guide.ac/270-Alkenes+and+their+names..html&h=210&w=203&sz=6&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=YN8eqSI2BdFakM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=102&prev=/images?q=ethene&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&sa=G


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Alkenes


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Alkynes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain triple

bond between two carbon atoms.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND

ATTENTION

carbon and its compounds mohanraj.pptx

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