cafm lab manual

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PANIPAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,SAMALKHA (PANIPAT)

LABORATORY MANUAL

INTRODUCTION: TE-CAFM ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE:1/ 1

DEPARTMENT OFTEXTILE ENGG.

LABORATORY: COMPUTER AIDED FABRIC MFG.TT-318

SEMESTER : VI

CAD or Computer-aided Design has brought a revolution in the Textile Industry. The

time consuming and cumbersome process of textile designing has been made easier by

CAD. Now thoughtful and innovative designs are available to the textile designers and

textile manufacturers at the click of a mouse.

When the products in pre-manufacturing stage are designed with the help of computer-

based tools, it is termed as CAD or Computer-aided design. As far as textile industry is

related, CAD is generally used for interpreting computerized designing.

The textile designs are the original works of the designers. CAD helps them to visualize

and see their imaginative design in final form without producing any sample swatch.

Sometimes, the customers too provide ideas for designing according to their particular

requirement. These are in the form of painted artwork or fabric samples and sometimes

film negatives. The textile designers, with the help of CAD, convert them into workable

designs. For this to be done, the sample is scanned with the help of either scanner or

digital cameras and then they are edited to obtain the final design.

The aim of this CAFM Lab in this curriculum is to impart practical knowledge to the

students in the field of Computer Aided Designing and also to explore their innovative

ideas. Make them user friendly with one of the software in CAD i.e. Arahne to make

them more competent in the field of designing.

PREPARED BY

Lecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BY

H.O.D. Textile Engg.




LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO.: TE-CAFM- EX LIST ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009

REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE:1/ 1



SEMESTER : VI

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS AS PER CURRICULUM

Expt.

No.EXPERIMENTS

Date of

Performance

Date of

SubmissionSignature

1. To study the function of Various Tools used in the

Software Arahne module ArahPaint.2. To edit a given design using various function keys in

ArahPaint.

3. Development of various basic weaves and derivatives

on ArahWeave.

4. To study various modes of simulation in ArahWeavethrough Normal Mode conversion.

5.To make a weaving plan through JacquardConversion of given design in Extra Weft Mode and

Fill Coupe Mode.

6. Label Weaving through ArahWeave.

7. Carpet Weaving.

8. 3D-Draping

LIST OF EXPERIMENT BEYOND CURRICULUM

9. To study the working mechanism of electronic dobbyand electronic jacquard.

10. To prepare fabric samples on electronic dobby and

jacquard loom through CAD.

PREPARED BY

Lecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BY





LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO.: TE-CAFM- EX 1 ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE: 1/ 2



SEMESTER : VI

Aim of the Experiment: To study the function of Various Tools used in the Software - Arahne module-ArahPaint.

Procedure:Study the function of various tools from the computer system and mention it below:



PREPARED BYLecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BYH.O.D. Textile Engg.




LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO.: TE-CAFM EX-2 ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE: 1 / 1



SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:To edit a given design using various function keys in ArahPaint.

Procedure:

The steps followed to draw the design shown on the next page:

1. Click on ArahPaint icon and choose the browse option to browse an image fromthe library.

2. Then start editing the image according to the design wished to obtain with the

help of various function tools specified below with its function.

3. After editing the image, it is saved in the desired location by using the “Save as”function.

Image before Editting: Image after Editting:


APPROVED BYH.O.D. Textile Engg.




LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO.: TE-CAFM- EX-3 ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE: 1 / 2



SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:Development of various basic weaves and derivatives on ArahWeave.

Procedure:

1. Click on the ArahWeave Icon. Then choose the “Weave” option.

2. After the Weave option opens, choose “Edit” option in that.

3. A new “Edit Weave” Window opens where you have got the various functionkeys required for making a weave plan. In this window you need to specify the

dimension of repeat unit of the design.

4. On the completion of the design, click on the icon in order to get the Simulation

of the design drawn.

5. Once the design is finalized save the weave by the help of save as option in thelocation desired. The software will give you the drafting as well as denting plan

automatically.

6. This process can also be simplified if the drafting plan is known. Then you do not

need to fill up the weave design completely.

7. Finally the fabric simulation of the drawn weave plan can also be saved in the

system.

Image of Weaves:



Various functions presnt in the Edit Weave Window

Function of Keys present in Tool Bar

PREPARED BY

Lecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BY





LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:

To study various modes of simulation in ArahWeave through Normal Mode conversion.

Procedure:

1. Choose the Jacquard Conversion option from the “Weave” present in the main

menu of ArahWeave.2. Then Browse an Image from the library. The window gives you all the colour

portions used in the design. Set the thread pattern (warp/weft) from the “Thread

pattern “option.

3. The colours can be further adjusted by the “Colour” option present in the same

window.4. The weaves are inserted to the each and every portion of the design by the help of

function tools.

5. After inserting suitable weaves, view the fabric in different modes of “View”.

6. The Various modes of ”View” are Weave View, Shade Integer View, Integer

View, Simulation 1- 7 View.

7. The simulation can also be Zoomed to various levels(%) by the help of “zoom”option.

Below has been discussed the various modes of “View”

1. Weave ViewThis view mode shows the weave in repeat in black and white. It is useful when you are

drawing a new weave, since it is easier to see the errors in weave repeat. If you enable theFringe option you can also see the warp and weft pattern on the bottom and left of the

weave.



2. Integer view

This view mode just shows the fabric in repeat. One pixel (point on the screen) will beused to simulate one thread. If you choose bigger zoom (200%, 300%) two or more

pixels will be used for one thread. This is the fastest mode, and is usually used in thedesign phase. In all view modes, the fabric simulation starts from bottom, in full respect

of textile tradition. In the title of the main ArahWeave window you will also find thename of the currently loaded fabric and the size of repeat in warp and weft in number of

threads. If the sizes of weave and warp / weft pattern are not divisible, this number willbe the smallest common denominator of these values. However, the upper limit of repeat

size in threads is 32000 by 32000 threads. If you see this value in the title of the mainwindow, the size of weave and pattern repeat are probably wrong, since they do not

divide each other.



3. Shaded integer viewThis mode shows the fabric in repeat, but on zoom levels

4. Simulation view

The Simulation mode shows the fabric in real 1:1 density with respect to finished fabric.You must enter the density for warp and weft, expressed as the number of threads per

centimetre (or inch). To set density choose Fabric > Density.



You can set the density as number of threads per centimetre (inch), or as size of repeat incm (inches), for both warp and weft. Note that only number of threads per one cm is

saved in file, repeat size is calculated from the other data. You can also set Zoom (%) toany value between 5% and 1500%. The Simulation view shows the fabric in real 1:1 size,

including yarn diameter with holes (in background colour, which can be defined in the

Edit colours window),if the yarns are thin with respect to density.There is one more button at the top of the Set weaving density window - Density fromtechnical data. If you activate it, then the density is automatically calculated from other

data, which you enter in the Calculation of thread consumption window. The densityentry numeric fields are greyed out to indicate, that you cannot change them in this

window. Density from technical data must be activated, if you want to have simulation of denting and / or regulator effects. Otherwise, fabric will be simulated with a single

density across the whole fabric. The reason for this behaviour is simple: a big majority of

fabrics will be simple, and all you will need is warp and weft densities. Besides, in thedesign phase, you will not have all the technical details necessary for correct automatic

calculation of density. You will be able to see the shades, which are caused by the thread

interlace. It is the most accurate and also the slowest view mode. You have 8 simulationquality levels, each being approximately two times slower than the previous one. Do not

use simulation quality 8, unless you really need it, since it is very slow. Try simulation

quality level 4, and then increase it, until you get a simulation of proper quality. The

accuracy of colours must sometimes be compromised to get the shades, since the yarn

colour must be darkened and lightened on the edges. This is not possible for completelywhite and black, since we are blocked by limits of colour reproduction. The white

becomes slightly greyish and black will be a little lighter.

PREPARED BY

Lecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BY





LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO.: TE-CAFM- EX-5 ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE: 1/3



SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:To make a weaving plan through Jacquard Conversion of given design in Extra WeftMode and Fill Coupe Mode.

Theory:Extra weftsThis means that you will use several wefts, but only on places, where you need them for

the colour effect. This technique requires the use of regulator, or different weft densities.When the regulator is active, the warp beam does not advance, and we effectively double

the weft density on that point of the fabric. Of course, the weaves must also be

appropriate - we must "force" the picks to go on top of each other by using appropriate

weaves. For example, weft satin for the pick that needs to be at the top, and warp satin for

the pick that needs to be on the back. If you will use plain weave for both picks, thethreads will compete for space at the top, and you will not be able to weave with the

desired density.

Procedure:Set “Extra wefts” as a type of conversion, using a button on the lower left area of the

window. There are eight new parameters on the right side of window, which enable youto control and get desired result:1. System: means the number of layers – in most cases ground plus number of extra

wefts.2. Always parameter tells the program, how many wefts are always present in fabric.

Sometimes fabric construction requires to have some of extra wefts on parts, where arenot needed for design purposes and they actually become ground wefts.

3. Ground layout is powerful feature for setting different densities (number) of wefts ineach layer. If the field is empty than program takes simple order of wefts. Figure 170

shows ground and two extra wefts in simple order 123, and more complex ground layout,written as 1213, where 1 means ground, 2 and 3 are extra wefts.

Ground layout can also be written with repeats and parenthesis (similar as thread

pattern), to allow extremely complex irregular extra weft insertion.

4. Skip face: you can set the closest point of binding point at border of extra weft effect toget smooth borders. If you set Skip face to 3, then the closest binding point would be 3

points from border.

5. Skip ground: same as skip face, just it works on ground wefts.

6. Skip back: same as skip face, just that it works on extra weft backside weaves.

7. Attach at length: to prevent long floats at the back of the fabric, which sometimes

occur due to summing up floats, you can set, what is the maximum long float of extraweft.



8. Protect: sometimes it is necessary to continue with a few extra threads, even if they arenot needed for motif; they just prevent the last thread in design to slip. Figure 172 shows

same design, made without protect threads, and with three protect threads.

Fil coupé Conversion Mode

Theory:Literally translated from the French, it means "cut threads". The technique is similar to

extra threads, except that extra threads in fil coupe fabric, where are not in the function of design, are cut off with a special machine. Generally it is a design with extra wefts and

some modifications, and back attachment weave is all floats. The main modification isthe weave border around the fil coupe weft effect (normally plain weave), which prevents

pulling the threads out of the fabric during cutting process.Parameters System, Always, Ground layout, Skip face, Skip back, Attach at length have

the samemeaning as in Extra weft conversion mode. Beside Protection, which has different

meaning than in Extra weft conversion, there is new numerical field Coupe length, and

three option toggle buttons: Fil coupe on face, Protection always, and Double.

Procedure:First opt for “Fill in Coupe” conversion mode. Then by using the various functions

mentioned below apply the Fill in Coupe effect.ProtectionProtection has different meaning then in Extra weft conversion: it is the number of pointsof the border weave, which the program will insert on the left and right side of the extra

weft fill coupe effect. Border weave can be specified individually for every weft.Program automatically adds new colour (gray) for protection weave. In weave display

area of the Jacquard conversion window the border weave colour tab is on the rightmostposition (fifth colour in Figure 177). If you want to have fill coupe fabric, where some

threads are fill coupe, and others are normal extra wefts, put empty (full weft) weave onprotection, and that weft will be treated like a normal, to the ground fabric attached extra

weft thread, not as fill coupe weft.

Coupé length



Coupé length means that areas shorter than this length will be attached to the ground, andlonger ones will be left floating and latter cut off.

Fill coupé on faceFill coupé on face enables you to have the long float of the coupé thread on top after

jacquard conversion. In this way, the cut-off threads effect will be on the top, together

with the weft effect. The side effect of fill coupé on top is that the Attach at lengthparameter is ignored, since program would otherwise stitch the fill coupé threads to thefabric at the middle of the float. This option is also saved in conversion file and in the

fabric.

Protection alwaysIt means, that the program will put protection weave on all border, even there, wheretechnically speaking it is not necessary (on threads, which will not be cut due they are too

short and are attached to the ground), but design will look more regular.

DoubleIn the areas, which are too short for cutting, program automatically inserts attachment

weave instead of the full float (Figure 179). But on some fabrics, which need to be extra

light, or are partially transparent, this is not desirable, as it shines through. In this case,use the Double option. Program will divide this weft into two wefts, putting one part of

the fabric on one weft, and other part on another. As a result, all areas are long enough

for cutting, so there is no need to attach weft to the back. Obviously, you need even more

wefts than on normal fil coupé, so your fabric is more expensive. Figure 179 shows a fill

coupe fabric with normal settings - inside the circle, where the floats are too short, theprogram stitched the weft threads to the ground weave. But with the Double option,

program divides each weft thread into two threads – one for left part, and one for right

part.

Image:


APPROVED BYH.O.D., Textile Engg.




LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:Label Weaving through ArahWeave.

Procedure:-1. Scan the Label picture, or take a photo with a digital camera, and transfer the

image into the computer. Then Select file > browse or Load Image.

2. After browsing or loading the image give the epi & ppi of fabric selecting view >

repeat dimension.3. If you want to adjust the size of Scanned or imported image then go to Edit >

Resize image

A scanned image will have more colors then what you need in jacquard fabric. Numberof colors in the picture determines the number of different weaves. For most fabrics,

twenty colors are more than sufficient. Available colors are visible inside the color palettewindow.

4. To set the no. of colour select color > set no. of color.5. After reducing or setting the no. of color we edit the image making the new color.

6. Save the image after the editing is completed.7. Open the image file in Arahweave by selecting jacquard conversion > browse or

load image.8. For label designing we select the extra weft mode.



Set “Extra wefts” as a type of conversion, using a button on the lower left area of thewindow. There are eight new parameters on the right side of window, which enable

you to control and get desired result:

a) System: means the number of layers – in most cases ground plus number of extra

wefts.b) Always: parameter tells the program, how many wefts are always present in fabric.Sometimes fabric construction requires to have some of extra wefts on parts, where are

not needed for design purposes and they actually become ground wefts.c) Ground layout: is powerful feature for setting different densities (number) of wefts in

each layer. If the field is empty than program takes simple order of wefts. Figure 170shows ground and two extra wefts in simple order 123, and more complex ground layout,

written as 1213, where 1 means ground, 2 and 3 are extra wefts.

Ground layout can also be written with repeats and parenthesis (similar as thread

pattern), to allow extremely complex irregular extra weft insertion.

d) Skip face: you can set the closest point of binding point at border of extra weft effect

to get smooth borders. If you set Skip face to 3, then the closest binding point would be 3points from border.

e) Skip ground: same as skip face, just it works on ground wefts.

f) Skip back: same as skip face, just that it works on extra weft backside weaves.

g) Attach at length: to prevent long floats at the back of the fabric, which sometimes

occur due to summing up floats, you can set, what is the maximum long float of extraweft.

h) Protect: sometimes it is necessary to continue with a few extra threads, even if they are

not needed for motif; they just prevent the last thread in design to slip. Figure 172 shows

same design, made without protect threads, and with three protect threads.

9. After you have loaded all the weaves, click OK and you will get the full jacquard

weave.

10. Program will multiply the weft size by number of wefts, but will not insert

weaves where they are not necessary. For this reason, we need to remove the



unneeded wefts, which are floating across the full width of the fabric by choosingJacquard > Remove extra warps/wefts in the Weave Editor.

11. After removing extra threads specify the epi & ppi selecting the density fromtechnical data. Then you can view the final fabric simulation on the screen.

Image:






LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:Carpet Weaving.

Procedure:1. Take a photograph with a digital camera, and transfer the image into the

computer. Then Select file > browse or Load Image.

2. After completing the editing take out the print of editted picture.

3. In carpet weaving we consider only the color pick by pick & insert the differentcolor of weft according to the edited image. For proper gripping & cushion

effect, fabric with plain weave is chosen with fine threads so that the plain weave

threads are not visible on the face side.

Image:






LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI

Aim of the Experiment:3D-Draping: to keep the shades and ambient of the original photo, and just replace thefabric.

Procedure:-

1. Scan the picture, or take a photograph with a digital camera, and transfer the

image into the computer. Then select Images > Load Image.

2. First you have to draw limitation vectors around each region. Region is an areawithin the image, where you want to overlay a fabric texture, or a hole within a

fabric. Choose Regions > New > Vectors, or simply click on the icon and it

will change into . This icon indicates that you are in region drawing mode.

3. Draw the starting point by clicking on the left mouse button. Move the mouse to a

new point and make a left mouse button click and so on until you come to the

starting position.

There are user friendly functions for editing regions: If you want to stop drawing the region, you can press right mouse button at any

time, and the program will close the region from your current position to the

starting point.

If you make a mistake and want to delete just the last point which you have

drawn, press [Esc] key on the keyboard. It will work several times.

If you want to add a point into an already finished region border, point a mouse

cursor on the place, where you want it, and click with the middle mouse button.

To delete a point, click on it with middle mouse button.

By clicking on the left mouse button you can move a point - keep the mouse

button pressed and drag it to a new location.

To delete the whole region, click on a region and press [Del] key on the

keyboard, or use Regions > Delete from the main menu.

4. Specify the geometric distortions in the fabric caused by perspective view, creasesor simply the 3D volume of the product. To do this, use the grid tool. You can get

the Grid window, if you click on icon or select menu Regions > Grid .

Before this click on the desired region first - you can set the grid for only one

region at the time. There are two different grid types Simple and Complex. Use

Simple when you have an easy perspective mapping, like a carpet on the floor.

You will have a rectangle, which you should distort into a trapezoid which



matches the desired geometry of the mapping. Use Complex for anything morecomplicated.

5. To be in group mode click on the icon here, you can use a single click (right

mouse button) to copy texture to all regions with the same texture. You can then

disable the group to change the region type individually, if you wish. Forexample, you can make the shirt collar and wristband white, if you change theirregion type from texture to hole region type:-

:- hole

:- color

:- Texture

- This is used to see the different variation of texture of fabric



6. - Flat or shaded.- First select a region, which you want to change, and then

click on this icon on the top right angle to change its state.

Flat region will have the whole area replaced with a single color, repeat of fabric texture,or image background. Shaded region, on the other hand, will be a sum of background

image shades and the specified color or fabric texture.If you are draping based on a photo, you will prefer to have it shaded, while flat might be

more appropriate for quick fashion sketches.

Image:

Conclusion:

By following the above mentioned procedure an original photo can be replaced with a

fabric of desired texture and colour keeping the crease, wrinkle and draping of the fabric

same as in original.






LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI

Practicals beyond Course Curriculum


Development of fabric samples on dobby and jacquard design.

PREPARED BY

Lecturer, CAFM

APPROVED BY

H.O.D., Textile Engg.




LABORATORY MANUAL




SEMESTER :VI


To study the working of Arahne software on electronic dobby and electronic jacquard.






LABORATORY MANUAL

Questions : TE-CAFM- VV ISSUE NO: 00 ISSUE DATE :01.01.2009REV. NO. : 01 REV. DATE : 01.01.2010 PAGE: 1/2



SEMESTER :VI

Questions for Viva-Voice (VV)

Q1. What is the importance of studying Computer Aided Fabric Manufacture?

Q2. What are the various applications of CAD in the field of Textiles?

Q3. What is the name of Software you are using in the college? What is the operating

system you are using for it? From where have it been procured?

Q4. Name some other Software of CAD specially used for Textiles.

Q5. Discuss briefly the various modules of the software you have used.

Q6. What are the advantages of CAD?

Q7. Discuss the steps of development of a printing design through ArahPaint.

Q8. Discuss the steps of editing a scanned image in ArahPaint.

Q9. Discuss the steps of design development through Jacquard conversion.

Q10. Discuss the steps to reproduce a design of a given fabric by the help of ArahPaintand ArahWeave.

Q11. Discuss the steps of design development through Dobby Module.

Q12. What is the purpose of using unskew tool and magic wand?

Q13. How do you change the repeat size of a weave in ArahWeave?

Q14. How do you change the e.p.i., p.p.i., warp count and weft count of a particular

design which is once prepared?

Q15. How do you set the colours of warp and weft yarns required for a particular design?

Q16. What do you understand by Integer View, Weave View, Shaded Integer View and

Simulation View?

Q17. What do understand by Fill coupe mode? What is its significance?



Q18. What do you mean by the following terms:(i) Fill Coupe on face

(ii) Protection(iii) Protection always

(iv) Coupe Length

Q19. Mention the steps of formation of a Jacquard Data Card for a particular designdeveloped on ArahWeave.

Q20. How the weave data is transferred from the Computer System to the Electronic

Jacquard?

Q21. Discuss the steps to show the draping of a given fabric on a given body by the help

of ArahDrape module.



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