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BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)
• Need for public transport
• Importance of bus transport
• Description of BRT
• BRT project in Delhi
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STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION
Population per sq. km.
Road Space as Percentage of Total Area:
Present road length- 28,000 kms. with limited expansion possibilities
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DELHI VIS A VIS THE WORLD
Delhi(Urban)
Delhi(Whole)
Seoul Singapore Hong Kong
Tokyo KualaLumpur
Paris(City)
13,930 9,340 24,500 8,700 30,100 10,400 5,900 24,448
Delhi Tokyo Munich Hong Kong Paris Bangkok
21% 13% 13% 12% 11% 11%
MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED IN DELHI
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2200000
2400000
2600000
2800000
3000000
3200000
34000001
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YEAR (1981-2006)
NO
. O
F V
EH
ICL
ES
RE
GIS
TE
RE
D
Cars/ Taxis
Two Wheelers
TSR
Buses & Other
Heavy Vehicles
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MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED IN DELHI
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TRADITIONAL PROBLEM SOLVING : THE CAR ORIENTED
INFRASTRUCTURE
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SO WHAT IS THE SOLUTION?
50 cars or 60 b icyc les or 1 bus
EFFICIENT USE OF ROAD SPACE
More equitable allocation of road space with people, rather than vehicles
Greater use of public transport and non-motorized modes
Reserving lanes and corridors exclusively for public transport and non-motorized modes of travel
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NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
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DELHI MASTER PLAN 2021
According to Para 12.5 (iv) of the Plan –
“On all roads with right of way (ROW) greater than 30 meters exclusive bus laneswill be planned to implement the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in a phased manner to cover the whole city.”
• I.A. No: 226 in writ petition (civil) Nos: 13029 of 1985
Quote: “……The EPCA shall also examine the issue of increase of High Capacity Bus System with existing public transport system…”
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SUPREME COURT RULING
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EXIST IN OVER 30 CITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE IN
ALL KINDS OF DEVELOPMENT SPECTRUMS,
CULTURAL TRAITS, DEMOGRAPHICS AND
TRAFFIC CHARACTERSTICS.
BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS
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Latin América
Belo Horizonte
Bogotá
Campiñas
Curitiba
Gociana
Lima
Porto Alegre
Quito
Recife
Sao Paulo
México City
North América
Honolulu
Los Ángeles
Miami
Canada
Ottawa
Pittsburgh
Vancouver
Asia
Akita
Fukuoka
Gifu
Kanazawa
Kunming
Miyazaki
Nagaoka
Nagoya
Niigata
Taipéi
Beijing
Jakarta
Europe
Claremont Ferrand
Eindhoven
Essen
Ipswich
Leeds
Nancy
Rouen
Oceanía
Adelaide
Brisbane
BRT Systems in
operation
BRTS ACROSS THE WORLD
• Pune
• Ahmedabad
• Indore
• Bhopal
• Jaipur
• Vishakhapatnam
• Hyderabad
• Nagpur
• Delhi
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Lloyd Wright
BRT STATUS IN INDIAN CITIES. (JNURRM FUNDING APPROVED)
Trips per person per day
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
London Singapore Hong Kong Delhi
MRT Bus
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PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN WORLD CITIES
EQUITY:
in terms of providing access across all strata
of society at an acceptable cost
EFFICIENCY:
by way of providing more throughput per
unit of investment or road space
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY:
by way of reducing private vehicles and using green
fuel
BRT is a synthesis of 3 E’s
It combines the advantages of rail transit with flexibility of Bus service
It is endorsed by institutions such as World Bank, Asian Development Bank etc.
Being green it is the only transport project with the availability of World Bank GEF funding
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BRT MAJOR FACTS
In BRT commuters can only cross at the zebra crossings. Fatality rates will come down drastically.
Experts observe that road based transport provides the most effective connectivity for
residents.
The Delhi BRT project has been implemented after rigorous analysis and consideration
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BRT can penetrate in less ROW areas
BRT is on ‘AT GRADE LEVEL’ so builds easier access
BRT is a relatively inexpensive mode hence can be implemented more widely
Gestation time is relatively short
BRT has more stoppages and therefore provides user friendly changeover points
BRT
Builds
Flexibility
ADVANTAGES OF BRT
Efficient utilization of road spaceEfficient utilization of road space
COST CONSIDERATIONSCOST CONSIDERATIONS
BRT5-20
crores / km
Metro125 to
220crores / km
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Shortest planning & construction time BRT - 1.5 years / Metro -
Shortest planning & construction time BRT - 1.5 years / -3 to 5 years (~18km)
Not affected by traffic jams
Lanes can be used by emergency vehicles
BRT lanes can be used by school buses etc also
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Quito, Ecuador
Porto Alegre, Brazil
Curitiba, Brazil
Bus stop platform and bus floor at
the same level
Wider doors
RAPID BOARDING AND ALIGHTING
BRT IS PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED FRIENDLY
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WORLD OVER BRT USES THE CENTRAL LANE
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Pedestrian path 3 m x 2m
Bus lane 3.3 - 3.5 m
Car lane 3.0 m X 2
Bicycle lane None
BRT: CAR 1 WAY 2 LANES, BUS 1 WAY. ROW ~ 18 M
Pedestrian path 4 m x 2
Bus lane 3.3 - 3.5 m x 2
Car lane 3.0 m x 4
Bicycle lane Mixed
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BRT: CAR 2 WAY 2 LANES, BUS 2 WAY. ROW: ~30-35 M
Mode Persons per lane (3m) per hour
Bus (dedicated lane) 15,000 – 25,000
Walking 9,000
Bicycle 5,000
Car 3,000
3 car lanes mixed - 10.5m 9,000 - 15,000
2 car + 1 bus - 10.5m 20,000 - 30,000
2 car + 1bus(BRT rationalised) - 10.5m 30,000 - 40,000
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PEOPLE FLOW CAPACITIES
Pedestrians + bicycles using 4.5m additional rationalised space
from existing ROW will provide additional throughput of app.
10000 persons per hour
Relatively low rise development
Multiple business districts
Delhi expanding in a radial mode
Central City not the main destination
Car – about 15 % families
2-wheeler – about 35% families
No vehicle – about 50% families
50% people with no option but
public transport
Marginal cost of two wheeler trip
about Rs 1.00 per km -
Maximum fare level cannot be higher
Mixed land use patterns, strict
zoning impossible
Majority trips less than 10 km
Transit system therefore must be
low cost and wide spread
DELHI CHARACTERSTICS AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT
ROHINII
DWARKA
GURGAON
GHAZIABAD
FARIDABAD
• The first corridor of BRT in Delhi is fromAmbedkar Nagar to Delhi Gate. It is 14.5 km.long with minimum ROW at 28 meters andmaximum ROW at 51.5 meters.
• Total cost of the project is Rs. 215 crores atan average cost of Rs. 14.83 crores/ km
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SALIENT FEATURES OF SOLUTION FOR DELHI: AMBEDKAR NAGAR- DLEHI GATE CORRIDOR
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PEAK HOUR DENSITY OF BUSES
Peak Hour Density
Ambedkar Nagar- Press Enclave 93
Chirag Delhi - Andrews Ganj 75
Andrews Ganj - Moolchand 217
Moolchand - Bhagwan Das road 129
Bhagwan Das Road - Delhi Gate 419
• A total of 20 bus stops along the corridor are planned
• Generally 100-200 buses move on various sections during peakhour catering to a maximum PHPDT of about 10000 on anaverage day.
• Road width of 6.75m for MV will increase throughput as therewill be no obstructions from mixed traffic (Buses, pedestrians,cycles and rickshaws)
• The project has been implemented after rigorous analysis andintensive stakeholder consultation and validated by nationaland international transportation experts
• This includes the benefits of the central bus lane over side buslane.
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SALIENT FEATURES OF AMBEDKAR NAGAR : DELHI GATE CORRIDOR
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Breakup of Different Mode of Transport
Mode of Transport % of trips made by mode
Two wheeler 17.59
Three wheeler 2.80
Car 6.94
Taxi 0.06
Bus 62.0
Others 10.61
STANDARD SECTIONS
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CARRIGE WAY
FOOT
SERVICESERVICE LANE
ES1 - Pushpa Vihar Quarters (Section 1 ) - Right of Way-51.5m
2m 11m 1.5m
PATH
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
6.5m 2m6m 11m7m
UNPAVED
LANE
CARRIGE WAY
BREST WALL
BUSMV LANE
NMVTRACK
FOOT
SERVICE LANESERVICE LANE
CS1 - Pushpa Vihar Quarters (Section 1 ) - Right of Way-51.5m
10m 2m 2.5m 6.75m 6.75m3.3m 3.3m 2.5m 2m
PATH MV LANE
LANEBUSLANE
NMVTRACK
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
2m 3.3m 2m2m
STANDARD SECTIONS
Side lane:
High friction
from turning
vehicles
reduce
capacity and
efficiency
SIDE LANE OR CENTRAL LANE?
MORNING
EVENNING
Total of six lanes are crossed at a time Total of three lanes are crossed at a time
EXISTING SYSTEM , side bus lane BR SYSTEM central bus lane
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING EASIER
• Parking space for para-transit, scooters, cycles is generated.
• Central bus lanes allow for passenger parking on side lanes and interchange with other modes on the side without disrupting existing circulation to adjoining areas
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DEDICATED PARKING PLACES
• Signal and telecom cabling not duplicated
• Preferential signaling to buses is easier
• Manpower deployment is optimized
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NO DUPLICATION OF SERVICES- Central Lane Option
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CHAOTIC MIXED MOVEMENT OF TRAFFIC
Ambedkar Nagar - 2005
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SMOOTH MOVEMENT OF TRAFFIC
Ambedkar Nagar - 2008
IMPROVED SPACE FOR CAR LANES , EXCLUSIVE CYCLE TRACKS AND
CENTRAL BUS LANES
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DEDICATED LANES FOR ALL TRAFFIC
6.75 M MV LANE
WIDTH IS LEFT
AFTER BUS LANE
ALLOCATION6.6 M BUS
LANE (at
intersections)
3.5 M NMV
(cycle
2.25m/pedes
trian
pathway
1.25)
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HAVE PEOPLE MOVED OUT?
CHIRAG DELHI INTERSECTION
Evening Peak Hour
Traffic Volume Vehicles
28-02-2008 11,449
24-04-2008 11,767
IF BRT IS SO EFFICIENT THEN
WHY
THE PROTEST?
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• Zero Sum Game
• New Concept
• Change Management
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We have to invest in public
transport, in roads with
space for bicycles and
pedestrians, Our cities have
to become more livable and
more people friendly.
Manmohan Singh, Prime
Minister 31 Dec 2005
It does not matter what is
done, traffic jams will
become worse; unless a
radically new model is
adopted.
E-Penelosa- Ex Mayor of
Bogota
BUS RAPID TRANSIT
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87,897
10,591
1,05,763 1,24,46579,067
1,13,099 1,00,3621,15,089 1,09,641
1,13,951
8,835
6,822
9,2869,884
9,033
9,159
6,441
10,993
2,329
2,422
2,204
2,406
2,583
1,593
1,8212,082
2,394
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Total Number of Vehicles, February 28, April 24 and May 01- 07, 2008(Figures in Number)
February 28
(Thursday)
April24
(Thursday)
May 01
(Thursday)
May 02
(Friday)
May 03
(Saturday)
May 04
(Sunday)
May 05
(Monday)
May 06
(Tuesday)
May 07
(Wednesday)
Motorized Vehicles Non-motorized Vehicles Buses
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NUMBER OF VEHICLES
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