burns
DESCRIPTION
Burns. Dr. Stella Yiu Emergency Physician, TOH. LMCC objectives. Diagnose severity and extent Manage complications Institute initial management of burn trauma. 1. Severity & extent . Partial thickness. Full thickness. Superficial. Deep. Skin intact. Skin intact. Skin broken, moist. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Burns
Dr. Stella YiuEmergency Physician, TOH
LMCC objectivesDiagnose severity and extent
Manage complications
Institute initial management of burn trauma
1. SEVERITY & EXTENT
Partial thickness Full thicknessSuperficial Deep
Skin intact
Skin broken, moist
Skin intact
Skin broken, moist
Charred, dry
Skin intact
What body surface area?
Must know this!
Knowing surface area-> who needs special burn unit care-> how much fluids to give
WHO NEEDS SPECIAL CARE
Area
Agent
Vunerable population
Area: 10% second or third (deep partial or full)
Area:
Hands
Perineum
Face
2/3 Degree
Area: Circumferential = compartment syndrome
Agent: Chemical burn = penetrate tissue
Agent: Electricity
Vulnerable population: children
Vulnerable population: Children
2. MANAGE COMPLICATIONS
3 big complications of burnShock
Infection
High metabolic demands - DIC
Burn: Cellular levelLocal and systemic inflammatory
response
Capillaries permeable, fluids and proteins leak
Edema and hypovolemia
++ FluidsParkland Formula (1st 24 hrs)
4cc x %BSA x Wt (kg)
++ Fluids
1st half 8 hr from time 0
Time zero
Hospital arrival time
8 hours
++ Fluids
1st half 8 hr from time 0
Time zero
Hospital arrival time
8 hours
1st half of fluid to be given
Other associated injuriesChemical
Thermal burn
Other trauma
ChemicalCarbon Monoxide
Cyanide
Carbon Monoxide200x Affinity to Hb
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide is chasedAtmos air T1/2 = 4 hours
Atmos 100% Oxygen = 1 hour
Hyperbaric oxygen = < 20 minutes
Cyanide Cyanide asphyxiates mitochondria
Lactic acidosis
AIRWAY THERMAL BURN
Thermal burn
Burn = Airway swelling
Minor burnsWashDebride open blistersCover wound with topical antibiotic ointment
Burn wound is tetanus prone!
3. MAJOR BURN RESUSCITATION
Airway: Intubate early
Intubate early if airway injury
- Singed nasal hairs- Facial or oral burns- Sooty sputum- Stridor- Grunting
Can also use fiberoptic bronchoscopy
++ FluidsParkland Formula (1st 24 hrs)
4cc x %BSA x Wt (kg)
1st half 8 hr from time 0
Treat pain
Escharotomy if third degree (full thickness)
InvestigationsCBC, lytes
CO level
Lactate, ABG
CXR
Burn unit
Electrical injury depends on entry and exit sites
Electrical burn• CVS: VF or asystole
• Neurologic: confusion, LOC, seizure
• MSK: compartment snd,
• Renal: Rhabdo, renal failure
• Trauma: thrown