Moonshot Goals for the Moonshot Research and Development Program

Bureau of Science, Technology and Innovation Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

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To realize “Human Well-being”, six Moonshot goals (MS goals) were decided in the area of society, environment, and economics. (Council for Science, Technology and Innovation. Jan.23, 2020)

Outline of the Program and Moonshot goals

“Moonshot for Human Well-being”

To develop radical solutions for difficult societal challenge, the Government of Japan (GOJ) set inspiring and ambitious goals for challenging R&D.

Realization of a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer that will revolutionize economy, industry, and security by 2050.

Creation of the industry that enables sustainable global food supply by exploiting unused biological resources by 2050.

Realization of sustainable resource circulation to recover the global environment by 2050.

Realization of AI robots that autonomously learn, adapt to their environment, evolve in intelligence and act alongside human beings, by 2050.

Realization of ultra-early disease prediction and intervention by 2050.

Realization of a society in which human beings can be free from limitations of body, brain, space, and time by 2050.

Goal1:

6 MS goals to be achieved by 2050

Turning the aging society into theinnovative and sustainable societyby harnessing diversity throughtechno-social transformation

Recovery for global environment and growth of civilization

Exploring frontiers with science and technology

Society

Environment

Economics

Outline

Goals

Goal2:

Goal3:

Goal4:

Goal5:

Goal6:

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Goal１

Moonshot Goal #1(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Realization of a society in which human beingscan be free from limitations of body, brain, space,and time by 2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>Cybernetic avatar*1 infrastructure for diversity and inclusion- Development of technologies and infrastructure to carry

out large-scale complex tasks combining large numbersof robots and avatars teleoperated by multiple personsby 2050.

- Development of technologies and infrastructure thatallow one person to operate more than 10 avatars forone task at the same speed and accuracy as one avatarby 2030.

Cybernetic avatar life- Development of technologies that will allow anyone

willing to augment their physical, cognitive, andperceptional capabilities to the top level, and spread of anew lifestyle that will be welcomed by society, by 2050.

- Development of technologies that will allow anyonewilling to augment their physical, cognitive, andperceptional capabilities for specific tasks, and proposalof a new lifestyle that will be welcomed by society, by2030.

*1 Cybernetic Avatar is a concept that includes not only remote avatars using robots and 3D images as proxies but also empowerment of the physical/cognitive abilities of humans using ICT and robotics.Cybernetic Avatar aims to be active not only in the physical world, but also in the cyber-physical world, i.e. Society 5.0.

- Development of technologies that allow anyone to participate in social activities beyond the limitations of place and capabilities, by 2050.

A society in which everyone can participate in various activities

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Prevent diseases

- Development of technologies preventing serious diseases such as dementia and cancer by analyzing unclear networks between organs such brain and intestines, by 2050.

Moonshot Goal #2

Realization of ultra-early disease prediction andintervention by 2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Establishment of a system for disease prediction

and evaluation of pre-symptomatic states inorder to suppress and prevent disease onset,through integrated analysis of the entirefunctional network between human organs, by2050.

- Establishment of a strategy that enables theconversion of a pre-symptomatic state to ahealthy state, by clarification of functionalchanges in human physiology along life courseconsidering the comprehensive networkbetween organs, by 2050.

- Identification of disease-related networkstructures and establishment of innovativeprediction and intervention methods by 2050.

- Understanding of the comprehensive networkbetween human organs by 2030.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）Goal 2

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A society in which humans and robots coexist

Moonshot Goal #3

Realization of AI robots that autonomously learn,adapt to their environment, evolve in intelligenceand act alongside human beings, by 2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Development of AI robots that humans feel

comfortable with, have physical abilities equivalent toor greater than humans, and grow in harmony withhuman life, by 2050.

- Development of AI robots that behave well withhumans under certain conditions, and allow over 90%of people to feel comfortable with them, by 2030.

- Development of an automated AI robot system thataims to discover impactful scientific principles andsolutions, by thinking and acting in the field of naturalscience, by 2050.

- Development of an automated AI robot system thataims to support the process of discovery for scientificprinciples and solutions to specific problems by 2030.

- Development of AI robots that autonomously makejudgements and act in environments where it isdifficult for humans to act by 2050.

- Development of AI robots that operate unattendedunder human supervision in specific circumstancesby 2030.

- Development of AI robots that have same sensitivity as humans and physical abilities equivalent to or better than humans, growing together with human life.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）Goal 3

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(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Cool Earth & Clean Earth

Moonshot Goal #4

Realization of sustainable resource circulation torecover the global environment by 2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>Solutions to the global warming problem (the CoolEarth) and environmental pollution problem (theClean Earth) through realization of sustainableresource circulation for the global environment.

Cool Earth & Clean Earth- Global deployment of commercial plants or

products utilizing circulation technology by 2050.

Cool Earth- Development of circulation technology on a pilot

scale for reducing greenhouse gases that is alsoeffective in terms of life cycle assessment (LCA)by 2030.

Clean Earth- Development of technology on a pilot scale or in

a form of prototype that converts environmentallyharmful substances into valuable or harmlessmaterials by 2030.

Example of a new sustainable resource circulation to be realized

- Implementation of technologies such as DAC(Direct Air Capture) of CO2, conversion of CO2 into materials and decomposition of marine plastic litter, in society, by 2050.

Goal 4

- Creation of the industry that enables sustainable global food supply by exploiting unused biological resources by 2050.

Moonshot Goal #5

Creation of the industry that enablessustainable global food supply byexploiting unused biological resources by2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Technical development of the circular food

production systems by biological measures, e.g.utilizing microbes and insects, by 2050.

- Development of technical solutions foreliminating food loss and waste and forachieving both healthy life and sustainable foodconsumption by 2050.

- Evaluation of the technical achievements anddiscussion on the ethical, legal and socialimplications (ELSI) matters will be done by 2030,for global spread of the technology by 2050.

Goal 5Sustainable food supply without

food-loss and environmental loading

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

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Moonshot Goal #6

- Realization of a large-scale and multipurpose quantum computer that will revolutionize economy, industry and security, by 2050.

Realization of a fault-tolerant universalquantum computer that will revolutionizeeconomy, industry, and security by 2050.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Achievement of the large-scale integration

required for fault-tolerant universal quantumcomputers*1 by around 2050.

- Development of a certain scale of NISQcomputer*2 and demonstration of theeffectiveness of quantum error correction by2030.

A universal quantum computer that will dramatically revolutionize

our society

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）Goal 6

*1 Fault-tolerant universal quantum computer is a quantum computer that realizes large-scale integration while guaranteeing on sufficiently high accuracy for various applications.*2 NISQ(Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum) is a small to medium scale quantum computer that does not have a function to correct errors.

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Jul., 31, 2019 The Visionary Council*1 proposed areas, visions, and MS Goal Examples.

Dec., 17-18, 2019 Discussed MS goal candidates in MS international symposium.

Discussed MS goal drafts in CSTI*2 experts meeting.

Started Call for the Project Managers(PMs)(by research promotion agencies).

Projects will be started.

Decided MS goals in a plenary meeting of CSTI.Jan, 23, 2020

PM Selection

Schedule

Established the Strategy Council (tentative name) comprised of people from industry, relevant ministries and offices, and researchers.Implement external evaluation in the 3rd and 5th years from the start of project. Projects evaluated to be continued are supported up to 10 years.

After start of projects

25 MS Goal Examples

6 MS Goal Candidates

Decided 6 MS Goals

After Jul., 2020

After Feb., 2020

Jan., 16, 2020

Jan., 21, 2020 Reported MS goal drafts to the Integrated Innovation Strategy Promotion Council.

*1 See references in p12

*2 Council for Science, Technology and Innovation

References

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Successful

Moonshot Goals

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(1) The government sets ambitious goals and concepts for societal issues that are difficult to tackle but will have profound impact once resolved.

(2) Opens call for domestic and foreign top-class researchers as PM*1s under the direction of the PD*2 who oversees multiple projects. *1 Project Manager, *2 Program Director

(3) Builds a portfolio overlooking the program and promotes challenging R&D without fear of failure.(4) Reviews a portfolio flexibly by stage-gates and actively encourages utilization of the R&D results. (5) Establishes the most advanced research support system by utilizing a data management infrastructure.(6) 100 billion yen was appropriated in the supplementary budget for FY2018, and a fund was created. 15

billion yen was appropriated in the supplementary budget for FY2019. (7) Supports the program up to 10 years.

[Image of Portfolio Management by PD]

PD

PD: Program DirectorPM: Project Manager

Point of the Moonshot Research and Development Program

Project DProject CProject BProject APM PM

Stage gate

PM PM

Stage gate Stage gate

Private business

Spin-out

Private fund

Measures of related ministriesand agencies

Spin-off

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ü The Visionary Council was established to discuss ambitious MS goals. ü received proposals from the general public (about 1,800) and relevant ministries.ü discussed the future visions and specific goals to be aimed in this Moonshot

program.

Visionary Council MembersEDA Makiko

OCHIAI Yoichi

OZAKI Marissa

KITANO Hiroaki

KOBAYASHI Yoshimitsu(Chair of the council)

NISHIGUCHI Naohiro

FUJII Taiyo

Chief Representative Officer, The World Economic Forum Japan

Media Artist, Assoc. Professor, University of Tsukuba

Artist (“Sputniko!”), Project Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo

President and CEO, Sony Computer Science Laboratory

Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation

Chief Executive Officer, Japan Innovation Network

SF Writer

Discussion Points

1st Meeting (Mar. 29)- Important points for deciding MS goals

2nd Meeting (Apr. 22)- Requests from academia and industry- The elements of MS goals

3rd Meeting (May 23)- Proposals from general public(about

1,800) and relevant ministries

4th Meeting (Jul. 31)- The future vision and MS goals

The Visionary Council

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Inspiring

Imaginative

Credibleü Not only ambitious but also

scientifically feasible

ü Validity of progress toward MS goals

ü Consistency with relevant strategies and policies

ü Clarity of MS objectives and their necessity

ü Strong impact on our future society and industries

ü Intellects brought together from all over the world

ü Innovative and radical change of our future societal system

ü Clear image of our future direction

Note: Human centric is the basic concept of MS goals

Elements of MS Goals

ü Identifies future visions based on societal issues facing the world.ü Translates future visions into missions as MS goals.

Discussion of the Visionary Council

14MS goal examples

VisionsAreas

- 2040

2050

2060

Society withouthealth anxiety :

everyone can enjoy lifeuntil 100 years old

Inclusive Society :anyone can pursue

their dreams

Industrialtransformation

by completeautomation

Significantreduction of

resourcesrequirements

SustainableResourcesCirculation

Environmentally-neutral cities

Harmonizationwith nature

Automation ofScientific DiscoveryReproducing

and controllingkey biological

processesIn-depth understanding

of neural andassociated systems

Measuring,computing, and visualizing

unexplored spaces

Permanentpresence in space

MillenniumChallenge

1) Create and deploy“Cyborg technology” toaugment humancapability 2)Fully ubiquitous and

inclusive mobility

3) Create and deployadvanced avatars

enabling most daily lifecan be done through

avatar

4) Dramatic improvementof QOLamong the elderly

5) Preventivemeasures to

maintain wellness

6) Universalmedical access atthe global scale

7)Full automation ofagriculture,forestry & fisheries

8)Full automationof construction work

9)Reduction ofresources losses

to 1/100th

10) Reduction ofenergy consumptionfor computing to1/1000th

11)100% energyself-sufficiency

with sustainableenergy source

12)Full recyclesystem forresources andmaterials

13)Eliminationof food loss

14)Elimination ofgarbage

on the earth

15)Constructionof environmental-neutral city model

16)Harmonizationagricultureand biodiversity

17)Terraforming technology

18) Development of AI system for scientific

discovery at the level worth Nobel Prize

19) Complete digital mapping andexternalization of the entirereproductive processes

20)Humanhibernation

21) Creation ofdigital model ofentire nerve systemand adjacentsystems

22) General-purpose Quantumcomputer network

23) Comprehensivemeasurement ofunderwater andsubsurface areas

24) Surveillancenetwork forour solar system

25) Distributed andcollective satelliteconstellation andspace robotics

Revitalize our society based onhuman centric S&T

Area 3: Exploring frontierswith science and

technology

Area 2: Recovery for global environment and

growth of civilization

Area 1: Turning the aging society into theinnovative and sustainable society

by harnessing diversity throughtechno-social transformation

The Visionary Council recommended3 Target Areas of- aging society,- global environment, and- exploring frontiers,and 13 Visions.

The council also proposed 25 examplesof Moonshot Goals.

Areas, Future Visions and MS goal Examples

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ü Organized 6 (+1) Working Groups based on 25 MS goal examples.ü 6 WGs discussed about specific MS goal candidates and scenarios for achieving

them in Moonshot International Symposium held on Dec. 17-18, 2019.

Moonshot Goal Candidates

WG1: Expanding human potential for a society where everyone can pursue their dreams

WG2: Realizing a human life that “continues to improve both physically and psychologically” through complete understanding of biological functions

WG4: Sustainable resources circulation for global environment

WG3: Expanding frontiers through co-evolution of AI and robots

WG5: Innovation for future agriculture –satisfying both food production and environmental conservation

WG6: Creating innovative non-traditional sciences and technologies based on quantum and relatedphenomena

WG7:Cross sectional issue