buddhism diversity presentation

BU

DD

HIS

M

Samantha Cruz, Cassandra Jones,

Amanda Murphy, & Daniella Smochko

University of Ontario of Institute Technology

NURS1100U

Hilde Zitzelsberger

November 28th, 2008

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Buddhism

OutlineMeditationWhat is Buddhism? & TypesReligious Beliefs Spiritual

Realization/EnlightenmentTraditionsDietary PracticesNursing Relevance Interview

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Buddhism

M E D I T A T I O N

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Buddhism

ZEN CHANTING4

Buddhism

What is Buddhism?5

Buddhism

• Founder of Buddhism is Buddha Shakyamuni or known as Siddhartha Gautama • “Enlightened One”• balance between starvation and indulgence•All our problems and suffering arise from negative states of mind• All our happiness and good fortune arise from peaceful and positive states of mind• Based on the principle or the law of impermanence• Everything is subject to change though some may last longer than others• Find balance between two extremes of self-indulgence and total abstinence

Types of Buddhism

Japan, China and Southeast Asia

Mahayana and Theravada (East Asia) – Zen Buddhists (follow Hinduism, Confucianism, and Taoism)

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Buddhism

Beliefs7

Buddhism

Buddhist Existence

Buddhism

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Buddha teaches that life is marked by three things:

• Impermanence: nothing lasts forever, all things change

• Suffering: since “existence is inseparably entwined with impermanence… this relationship makes suffering inseparably entwined with existence” (Falls, Skeel, Edinger, 1999, p.3)

• No-self: due to the belief of impermanence, nothing has lasting identity, and therefore nothing can be called a “self”

Karma and Rebirth

Law of causation, according to which nothing occurs due to pure chance = Karma = action

Actions and resulting forces of those action – cause and effect: past present and future

Existed even before Siddartha Gautama

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Buddhism

Karma and Rebirth cont’d

Buddhism

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Consequences of these actions will be repaid in this life or another lifetime

Generate karma as long as passions are intact Extinguishment of all karmic forces leads to

Nirvana Wheel of Life: samsara Some may not believe in getting any treatment The non-self can be reborn: contradiction Water analogy

COSMOTHEOLOGY“Beauty in

Imperfection”

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Cosmotheology

Buddhism

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Beauty within imperfection – especially in nature

“This tree won’t make good lumber” “Therefore it shall never be cut down”

Laid-back approach

http://www.emagazine.com/view/?924

(Lecture - Patricia Campbell, November 7, 2008)

Spiritual Realization/Enlightenment

Buddhism

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Master gives Koan to disciple Meditation > contemplation > spiritual

realization > enlightenment > nirvana Nirvana is the cessation of rebirth

(samsara)


Four Noble Truths

1) life means suffering

2) origin of suffering is our desire and

attachment

3) stopping the suffering is attainable

through detachment of desires

4) the path to the cessation of suffering

(eight fold path)

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Buddhism


Ox Herding Pictures

Buddhism

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http://www.egreenway.com/meditation/ox.htm

Dietary Practices

emphasis on the Great Compassion They especially call the following foods,

robbed foods: 1) Eggs: Rob the offspring's life from its

parents.2) Honey: Rob the food of bees.3) Milk: Rob the food of the offspring, food from their mother.

Most are vegans or vegetarians

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Buddhism

Diet Cont’d

Buddhism

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Five Precepts: 1. there is a living being

2. knowledge of this living being 3. intention to kill this living being 4. act of killing this living being 5. this living being is dead because of the act of killing.

Traditions18

Buddhism

• use a lunar calendar • new year depends on your country of origin• celebrate new years for 3 days straight from the first full moon in April. • In other countries such as china, Buddhist celebrate late January or early February. • Buddhist celebrate festivals by early morning going to local temples and offering food to monks and listen to a Dharma talk. • In the afternoon, they will distribute food to the poor. • The days ends with the evening chanting of the buddhas teachings and meditation.• Vesak (Buddha Day)- is the most important day in Buddhism. It is the celebration of buddas birthday and death. It happens on the first full moon day in May.

Tradition Cont’d

Buddhism

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Buddhist Nursing Traditions Tibetan Buddhist Medicine: A combination of logical healing

practices, spiritual methods, and mystical practice. End of life : Because Buddhists believe the mind must be as alert as possible at the time of death, many may decline pain medication or limit its use

Buddhist Ethics: Cloning

Buddhism

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National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) prepared a report on the ethical implications of cloning humans

Report focused mainly on Islamic, Judaic, and Christian perspectives on cloning

“created, dependant on God, and finite” “Religious concerns focus mainly on how such

persons created through cloning will inevitably or possibly be treated, rather than whether such persons are actually unique creatures in God’s image

Buddhist Ethics: Cloning cont’d

Buddhism

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Although some types of Buddhism have deities, Buddhism does not focus on theism

In Buddhism there is no “self”, and therefore terms such as “unique creatures” do not apply to the Buddhist mentality

Cloning, along with fertility technology create life and therefore opportunities for reincarnation

Cloned life deserves the same kind of respect and protection as human life

However cloning research risks harming the life that that has been cloned

Buddhist Ethics: Cloning cont’d

Buddhism

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Adoption is preferred over cloning because:

• Adopting another child is considered commendable since adoption provides a home and security to a child in need.

• Cloning can potentially harm mother and child. Adoption does not.

• Waste of money and resources, and is contrary to the Buddhist belief of renunciation

• Koan of cloning: “To say that the clone is identical to the parent is inaccurate; to say that the clone is totally separate and independent of the parent is also inaccurate.

Buddhist Ethics: Suicide and Euthanasia

Buddhism

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Life can be empirically measured only through body heat and reflexes

• Ex: if a person who is considered “brain dead” has either body heat or reflexes, then he/she is considered alive by Buddhist teachings

Exception: meditative trances and hypothermia

“The crucial variable governing rebirth [is] the nature of consciousness at the moment of death” (Becker, p.547)


Buddhism

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Death is not the end of life; it is merely a natural process in samsara. It is a transition

Death = transition, suicide is not an escape Suicide is accepted when:• The motivation is selfless, desireless, and

enlightened at the moment of death• The action is done to preserve one’s honor • One is in great pain and is no longer able to

contribute to society


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Conditions under which euthanasia could be considered acceptable:

• The disease is considered terminal and incurable by present medicine

• The pain is unbearable, both for the patient and those around the patient

• The death is for the purpose of his peaceful passing

• The person himself has requested the death, while conscious and sane

• The killing is done by a doctor• The method of killing is humane


Buddhism

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A Buddhist patient is suffering from a terminal illness. He is in a great amount of pain and states that relief of his pain is greatly desirable. Out of the three options below, which would he choose, if his choice was guided by Buddhist teaching?

a) No treatment at allb) Painkilling medication which may blur or

confuse the mind of the patientc) Treatment that would hasten his end, while

keeping his mind clear.

Interview

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Buddhism

References

http://www.aboutbuddhism.org/what-is buddhism.htm/

http://www.thebigview.com/buddhism/fourtruths.html

http://www.yogichen.org/cw/cw43/bk142.html

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab77#1946

http://www.egreenway.com/meditation/ox.htm

http://www.emagazine.com/view/?924

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Buddhism