Ton Duc Thang UniversityFaculty Of Environment and Labour Safety

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Topic:

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN DONG THAP PROVINCE

Members Group :

Đặng Đức Thuận 91302285

Huỳnh Đạt Quang Nhựt 91302243

Instructor: Dr. Phạm Anh Đức

TP.HCM, February 27, 2016

CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION.............................................................11.1. Geographical Location.......................................................................11.2. Topography.....................................................................................11.3. Climate............................................................................................2CHAPTER 2 : BIODIVERSITY IN TRAM CHIM NATION PARK DONG

THAP PROVINCE.................................................................................32.1. General Information..........................................................................32.2. Natural Condition.............................................................................32.3. Biodiversity in Tram Chim Nation Park...............................................42.3.1. Animal Biodiversity...........................................................................................5

2.3.1.1. Water Birds.................................................................................................52.3.1.2. Reptile and Amphibians..............................................................................82.3.1.3. Fishes..........................................................................................................9

2.3.1. Plant Biodiversity............................................................................................102.3.1.1. Malaleuca cajuputi....................................................................................102.3.1.2. Eleocharis atropurpurea...........................................................................112.3.1.3. Panicum repens.........................................................................................122.3.1.4. Oryza rufipogon........................................................................................132.3.1.5. Polygonum tomentosum............................................................................142.3.1.6. Nelumbium nelumbo..................................................................................15

CHAPTER 3 : THREAT TO BIODIVERSITY IN TRAM CHIM NATION

PARK.................................................................................................173.1. Invasive alien species.......................................................................173.2. The climate change..........................................................................183.3. The human activities........................................................................193.4. Financial Budget and Professional Qualifications.................................193.5. Conflict Between Species in Conservation...........................................19CHAPTER 4 : APROACH TO CONSERVATION AND SUTAINBLE

DEVELOPMENT.................................................................................214.1. Aproach to Eco-tourism...................................................................214.2. Aproach to Human Resource Training...............................................22

4.3. Changing service.............................................................................234.4. International non-government organisations.......................................234.5. Approach to Investment for Ecological Restoration and Conservation.....234.6. Exploitation and Traditional Villages Restoration................................25CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION................................................................26REFERENCE.......................................................................................27

CONTENTS OF FIGURESFigure 2.1 Some endangered species of birds..........................................................6Figure 2.2 Some rare species of Reptile and Amphibian.......................................8Figure 2.3 New species of fish in Tram Chim.........................................................9Figure 2.4 Malaleuca community...........................................................................11Figure 2.5 Xyris indica and Eleocharis atropurpurea in Tram Chim................12Figure 2.6 Panicum repens community.................................................................13Figure 2.7 Oryza rufipogon community................................................................14Figure 2.8 Polygonum tomentosum........................................................................14Figure 2.9 Nelumbium Nelumbo - Sacred Lotus..................................................15Figure 2.10 Mapping of ecological vegetation in Tram Chim Nation Park.......16Figure 3.1 Mimosa pigra invasive species..............................................................18Figure 3.2 Impacts of climate change....................................................................19

Figure 4.1. Some services in Tram Chim ( Hamster hunt, Harvest sun rice, Eating service in the wood,..)..................................................................................22CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1. Geographical location

Đồng Tháp is a province in the Mekong Deltaregion of southern Vietnam. Đồng Tháp is 165 km away from Ho Chi Minh City, bordered by Pray Veng Province (Cambodia) in the north with a length of more than 48 km; Vĩnh Long and Cần Thơ in the south; An Giang in the west; and Long An and Tiền Giang in the east.

1.2. Topography

The topography of the province is quite flat with a sloping tendency from north to south and west to east; separating into 2 large regions: one in the north of Tiền River (having an area of 250,731ha, in Đồng Tháp Muoi area) and one in the south of Tiền River (having an area of 73,074ha, lying between Tiền River and Hau River). Đồng

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Tháp benefits from a large river, channel and spring system, frequently silt-aggraded soil, and permanently fresh and non-saline water source.

1.3. Climate

Đồng Tháp is in the tropical climate zone, consistently in the whole province. There are two main seasons; rainy season from May to Nov, and dried season from Dec to Apr of the following year.

Average rainfall ranges from 1,682-2,005mm, mostly in rainy season which accounts for 90-95% of annual rainfall.

Such climate is fairly advantageous for agricultural development.

The average temperature is 27℃, of which the highest is 34.3℃, and lowest is 21.8℃.

The hydrology of the province is under the influence of 3 factors: floodwater from upper Mekong River, in-field rain and tides of the South East Asia Sea.

The hydrologic regime is divided into 2 seasons: exhausted season from December to June of the following year and flood season from July to November.

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CHAPTER 2 : BIODIVERSITY IN TRAM CHIM NATION PARK DONG THAP PROVINCE

2.1. General Information

• Tram Chim National Park was located in Tam Nong District and established on December 29th,1998

• Tram Chim National Park (7,313 hectares) is one of the last remnants of the Plain of Reeds wetland ecosystem, This National Park became the 4th Ramsar Site on May 22th, 2012

• The population around the Tràm Chim National Park is around 50.000 people, spreading over an area of 7 villages (Tan Cong Sinh, Phu Duc, Phu Tho, Phu Thanh A, Phu Thanh B, Phu Hiep) and Tram Chim town in Tam Nong District, the Tram Chim National Park is a miniature of the Dong Thap Muoi region, featuring a broad and diverse range of animals and plants in the Southern Vietnam.

2.2. Natural Condition

The topography of the national park is flat, slopes slightly to the East with the highest place is 2,3 meters and the lowest place is 0,4 meters :

• The Flat Area is 5858 hectares

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• The Flooding Area is 152 hectares

• The High Area is 194 hectares

The streams and rivers have been replaced by a system of canals flowing through the national park.Tram Chim National Park is influenced by hydrological Mekong Delta, receive water directly from the Mekong River through irrigation (Hong Ngu-channel Long An, Dong Tien, An Hoa and Phu Hiep) spill inland and flooded every year from August to December. The national Park was seasonally flooded with standing water for continuous periods of up to seven months per year. At the beginning of the rainy season, water levels in the canals begin to increase in June. Between September and December, the national park is inundated to a depth of 2 to 4 m, reach a top in October.

The average temperature is 27oC, the highest temperature is 37oC and the lowest is 16oC.

2.3. Biodiversity in Tram Chim Nation ParkTram Chim is preserves almost whole native ecosystem. This park has a lot of rare and precious animal or vegetation. Besides, Tram Chim also receives a number of migratory species in the world. The combination between native species and migratory species has created the biodiversity for Tram Chim National Park, especially Sarus Crane which are in the dangerous and need to conserve.

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2.3.1. Animal Biodiversity

2.3.1.1. Water Birds :

Tram Chim National Park is a residence of more than 132 species of waterfowl which make up ¼ the bird population in Vietnamand 35 bird species that all in the IUCN Red List 2007 Red Data Book of Vietnam and Red Data IUCN 2011 ; CP 2006 ND 32 (IIB) CITES (I & II). such as: Cairina scutulata,Houbaropsis bengalensis, Charadrius peronei, Aquila clanga, Anhinga melanogaster, Platalea minor, Pelecanus philippensis, Mycteria leucocephala, Haliastur indus, Grus Antigone,...

Black-faced spoonbill Greater adjutant

Platalea minor Leptoptilos dubius

Brahminy kite Bengal florican

Haliastur indus Houbaropsis bengalensi

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Sarus Crane

Grus antigone sharpii

Figure 2.1 Some endangered species of birds

Sarus Crane is the tallest of the flying birds, standing at a height of up to 1.8 m. they are conspicuous and iconic species of open wetlands.

The Sarus crane is easily distinguished from other cranes in the region by the overall grey colour and the contrasting red head and upper neck. In flight, the long neck is held straight, and the black wing tips can be seen; the crane's long pink legs trail behind them.

In recent years, Sarus Crane is back Great Plain of Reeds wetland habitat, because this place has been restored close to the previous natural conditions, making their food dumps grow back . Every year, there are approximately 20 individuals appear in this area

The Sarus Crane is classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and this species of conservation significance is important for Vietnam, Asia and around the world

According National Scientific Conference On Ecology And Biological Resources V. Research results from 2006 to 2012 was statistic :

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:

Among them are more than 22.47% of the rare birds, endangered, conservation significance for the region and the world, they need to be prioritized for protection, especially Sarus Crane

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75%

25%

The percentage of bird in Tram chim and Viet Nam

Viet Nam Tram Chim

56%45%

The percentage of bird in Tram Chim and Southern VN

Southern Viet Nam Tram Chim

2.3.1.2. Reptile and Amphibians

There are 64 species of amphibians and reptiles have been recorded in the park; There are 2 sets ; 6 families ; 15 species of Amphibian and Reptiles class has 49 species; 2 sets ; 14 families.17 rare species in Vietnam Red Book 2007 IUCN Red List of 2012, ND 32/2006 of the Government, the CITES (2006) such as : Erpeton tentaculatum, Cylindrophis ruffu, Ahaetulla nasuta, Varanus salvator, Couraamboinensis, Malayemys subtrijuga,…

The tentacled snake Black box turtle

Erpeton tentaculatum Cuora amboinensis

Water monitor lizard

Varanus salvator

Figure 2.2 Some rare species of Reptile and Amphibian

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2.3.1.3. Fishes

Acording to surveyed in Tram Chim Nation Park, there are 133 species ; 11 sets and 29 families.Including 100 species of white fish total 81% of park , and 17 species of black fish total 14% of park and 6 species of brackish fish 5%, with 2 alien species and 7 species of rare fish. Several new species were recorded at Tram Chim Nation Park: Barbichthys nitidus, Channa Luciu, Belodontichthys dinemi, Gyrinocheilus pennocki, Labeo indramontn,….

Spotted Algae Eater Forest Snakehead

Gyrinocheilus Pennocki Channa lucius

Malayan Toothed Catfish

Belodontichthys dinemi

Figure 2.3 New species of fish in Tram Chim

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Beside that there is also has aquatic organisms: there are 185 species of

phytoplankton, zooplankton 93 species, 90 species of benthic organisms and the

mammals species has approximately 15 species

2.3.1. Plant Biodiversity

The vegetation of Tram Chim National Park comprises a mixture of seasonally

inundated grassland, regenerating Melaleuca forest and open swamp. Melaleuca is

distributed throughout the national park, both in plantations and in scattered patches

in areas of grassland or open swamp. There are 23 species , included Mimosa figra,

widespread grassland communities at Tram Chim, of which the community

dominated by Eleocharis dulci, Panicum repens, Ischaemum sp. and wild rice Oryza

rufipogon is of the highest conservation significance. In lower land formed by

olderabandoned courseis dominated by Nelumbium nelumbo - Nymphaea lotus

2.3.1.1. Malaleuca cajuputi

Melaleuca cajuputi is a woody vegetation has the largest area (about 2968

hectares). Due to human impact, most pristine mangrove forests have disappeared

and now only have planted forests, is Melaleuca cajuputi species (Myrtaceae), but

after conservation in many year now this become a natural forest. Two types of

distributions are recognized: centralized and distributed . The distrituted Melaleuca

combines to other communites such as Eleocharis dulcis, Ischaemum rugosum,

Panicum repens, Nymphaea lotus.

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Common Birds : Nycticorax nycticorax, Egretta garzetta, Ardeola bacclus,

Ixobrychus sinensis, Nycticorax nycticorax,Ardea purpurea Ardea cinerea, Anhinga

melanogaster, Streptopelia tranquebarica

Figure 2.4 Malaleuca community

2.3.1.2. Eleocharis atropurpurea

Eleocharis sp. is around 2.968 hetares, which create a huge vegetation includes Eleocharis atropurpureawhere Grus Antigonecan find food (around 235 hectares) Eleocharis dulcis (around 1.277 hectares) , and combined to others species create a new communities : E. atropurpurea – E. dulcis; E. atropurpurea – P. repens, E. dulcis – P. repens, (937 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – O.rufipogon ( around 443 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 72 hectares)

Common birds :Grus Antigone; Egretta garzetta; Ardeola bacclus; Anas poecilorhyncha; Nettapus coromandelianus; Ardea purpurea; Ardea cinerea; Ixobrychus sinensis

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Figure 2.5 Xyris indica and Eleocharis atropurpurea in Tram Chim

2.3.1.3. Panicum repens

Panicum repens distributes in a wild area (958,4 hectares) , the percentages of thoroughbred species density may increase to 98% or combines to other grass such as : P.repens – Cymbopogon citratus ( aroung 23 hectares); P. repens – Oryza rufipogon ( around 268 hectares); P.repens – Cynodon dactylon ( 50 hectares) ; P.repens – Mimosa pigra ( 86 hectares)

This kind of Panicum repens community was abused by Mimosa Pigra.

Common Birds : Houbaropsis bengalensis, Leptoptilos dubius, Tyto capensis, Prinia flaviventris, Alauda gulgula, Merops superciliosus,…

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Figure 2.6 Panicum repens community

2.3.1.4. Oryza rufipogon

Oryza rufipogon has a wide area (around 824 hectares), however the square of the pure paddy is not huge (around 33 hectares), other squares are the combination between Oryza rufipogon and other plant species forming communities of characteristic for wetlands:O. rufipogon – Panicum repens ( around 544 hectares); O. rufipogon - Leersia hexandra ( approximately 160 hectares); O. rufipogon – P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 83 hectares)

Almost birds in the Tram Chim prefer wild paddy communities, including the Sarus Crane (Grus antigone), this habitat is very high biodiversity

Oryza rufipogon is a unique habitat of seasonal floodplains, the square of this vegetation decrease sharply. In Tram Chim National Park, it dominates most of the square (approximately higher than 53 %)

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Figure 2.7 Oryza rufipogon community

2.3.1.5. Polygonum tomentosum

Polygonum tomentosum distributed in low-land areas, ( around 159 hectares ). Among them, Polygonum tomentosum is around 138 hectares combine with other plants such as O. rufipogon, Jussiaea repens, Utricularia aurea

Common Birds : Ixobrychus sinensis, Egretta garzetta, Anastomus oscitans, Ardeola bacclus

Figure 2.8 Polygonum tomentosum

2.3.1.6. Nelumbium nelumbo

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Nelumbium Nelumbo - Nymphaea spp. is mainly on the flooded swamp year round, low-lying areas along the river's shares, approximately 158 hectares area.

This kind of community usually occurs in wetlands or the lying areas where almost flooded all year round (not dry out during the dry season) so it rarely fire

Common Birds: Nettapus coromandelianus,Tachybaptus raficollis,Anas poecilorhyncha, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Rallus striatus, Porzana fusca,…

Figure 2.9 Nelumbium Nelumbo - Sacred Lotus

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Legend : Malaleuca cajuputi Oryza rufipogon

Eleocharis communites Nelumbium nelumbo ;

Panicium repen Polygonum tomentosum

Figure 2.10 Mapping of ecological vegetation in Tram Chim Nation Park

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CHAPTER 3 : THREAT TO BIODIVERSITY IN TRAM CHIM NATION PARK

Beside a several advantages that are mentioned above, Tram Chim National Park are facing or having serious problems which causes by both nature and human

There are several reasons leading to the threat in Tram Chim Nation Park but 5 main reasons :

• Invasive alien species • The climate change• The human activities• Financial budget and professional qualifications• Conflict between species in conservation

3.1. Invasive alien species

In recent. Tram Chim National Park is being seriously threatened by the Mimosa (Mimosa pigra-produce 9,000 seeds which are easily dispersed in the wind and drift downstream, can hold power over 20 years to germinate. Mimosa tree when bushes were forming a high scrub, make other plants do not grow.), This is one of the world’s 100 worst invasive species Global Invasive Species Database. This species forms dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets, particularly in wet areas.

And the victim of Minosa pigra is Panicum repens. If uncontrolled, in 10-15 years, the entire invasive species in national park would be a unique species. The biodiversity would be destroyed.

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Figure 3.1 Mimosa pigra invasive species

3.2. The climate change

The climate change is changing everything of life of animal such as food chain or drink or living conditons of the particular species. Climate change tends to increase temperature, as a result of drought, water depletion, and flammable in the dry season. The impacts that affect the living conditions of some migratory birds, especially the Sarus Crane. When a lack of food or drink, the crane was not immediately removed.

Unpredictable offseason rain events: High intensities, Short eventsLocalized inundation on field surfaceDifficult to drainEleocharis fails to produce tubersSarus cranes do not have enough food supply.

For vegetation species, climate change affected to this ecosystem severely. Especially mangrove forest communities, if it is flooded in a long time, it will be falling or underdeveloped.

Climate change also impacts on the hydrological situation, factors determining wetland ecosystems Tram Chim, might make the management of hydrology at Tram Chim more difficult.

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Figure 3.2 Impacts of climate change

3.3. The human activities

Most of the people living around the park with low educational qualifications, no understanding of the value of natural resources for human life. They often intrusion, exploitation and depletion of natural resources in the National Park, especially the use of fishing gear are destructive as the power grid, power rakes cause forest fires unintentionally

They also steal bird of species and making trade of eggs, hunting adult bird

3.4. Financial budget and professional qualifications

The problem is the lack of highly specialized because most of the labor are poor professional . Then, Tram Chim do not have enough money to develop infrastructure facilities in order research and analysis, the financial budget still limited.

3.5. Conflict between species in conservation

In analysing the ecological management in Tram Chim, conflicting pressures were found :

The management objectives of keeping Melaleuca from fire and enhancing Eleocharis tuber production for Grus antigone sharpii are in conflict: To protect Melaleuca forests from fire, the park has to maintain high water level under the

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forest. This in turn reduces Eleocharis tuber yield and water birds accessibility to feeding materials.

Beside that, there is another reasons which impact to conservation threatened the habitat as well as the challenges in the conservation such as : Overharvesting, increasing population, envioment pollution, habitat loss,….

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CHAPTER 4 : APROACH TO CONSERVATION AND SUTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT

4.1. Aproach to Eco-Tourism

Ecotourism create a good relationships between people and wildlife, along with the sense of education and training should be the spirit of responsibility to nature to create conditions for tourists involved in protection work environment: tree planting, care of trees, made it the natural love for tourists and became a leader in environmental protection work to minimize the negative impact on the culture and the visiting habitat

And from 9 to 11, are the most beautiful seasons in Tram Chim that attract tourist around the world come to travelling, the tourist can enjoy the wonderful habitat in here.For many tourists from Ho Chi Minh City and beyond, the Tram Chim National Park is an increasingly popular weekend getaway where they can go through melaleuca forests on boats, enjoy the fresh air and see birds sitting on treetops and meadows near lotus swamps.

In order to help tourist experience the real natural life,the TCNP’s board of directors created many types for travelling such as being an fishermen; Sightseeing, harvest sun rice; breeding bird garden ; rub mouse or hamster hunt.,

Beside that, Tram Chim Nation Park should be made more types of Ecotourism :

• Sightseeing for study, research • Ecotourism ecological environmental to protect natural forest• Sightseeing landcapes by canoe or by car• Sightseeing the bird of species for increase awareness in conservation,

especially Sarus Crane• Homestay• Community Tourism

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Figure 4.1. Some services in Tram Chim ( Hamster hunt, Harvest sun rice, Eating service in the wood,..)

4.2. Aproach to Human Resource Training

Providing good service quality as criteria to assess the level of development of the tourism industry and is determined by the quantity and qualities of tourism employees.

Most of staff recruitment has poor professional or their training field are not suitable for task execution units. We should be changed system of training and research facilities tourism, the staff member must had knowledge, skill which sutainble with tourism :

Employees have extensive knowledge of the field of literature, history, geography, art, sports, good communication relations, customs and habits, have feelings.

Tour guide must have knowledge of economics to catch development trend of the national economy, learning and making new orientations for development of Tram Chim

Personnel must firmly grasp professional skills, have seen the importance of their work position, employees are enthusiastic, openness to visitors, is ready to provide all the information available to help visitors learn more the Tram Chim Nation Park

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4.3. Changing Service

The park management plans to offer new services like cycling and electric car tours in the near future in addition to existing ones like sightseeing tours by boat, trekking, rice harvesting, fishing, food, and accommodation.

Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hùng Director of TCNP said the local government has agreed to provide VND 5.5 billion ($258,000) to buy new solar or battery-powered boats to replace the current diesel ones, which are too loud and startle the birds.

4.4. International non-government organisations

International non-government organisations (INGOs) have provided support to the Government of Viet Nam at all levels in terms of financing, conservation and development projects; providing advice and expertise; and sharing experience.

INGOs have collaborated with universities, research institutions, local authorities, mass organisations and relevant agencies to implement programs and projects. Some examples of INGO-government are as follows:

In 2007 , Brehm Fund for International Bird Conservation (Germany) funded the construction of a two-storey building in Tram Chim used for environment education activities and ornithological studies in the area.

INGO has provided technical and financial support for the conservation of Sarus Cranes, assisting with research, education, and habitat management programs at Tram Chim Nation Park

There have also been initiatives to restore the park’s wetlands (Archibald et al, 2003)

4.5. Approach to Investment for Ecological Restoration and Conservation

Tram Chim National Park sustainable development and protection planning period 2013-2020 with its total investment more than 207 billion dong, said by Mr. Nguyen Van Hung, Director of TCNP

More than 7 billion dong out of this total investment will be used for monitoring and conservation of flora, Sarus Crane, water living birds and wetland habitats, especially the endangered species and preserve unique cultural and historical in Dong Thap province

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Many international organizations have participated in researching into red-head cranes in Tram Chim, including the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN) and others. 

Tram Chim officially became the national nature conserve zone under the Prime Minister’s decision, where the State invested more than VND 4bill , the Bhrem Fund of Germany granted 15,000 US$and the UK and Danish Embassy donated 60,000 US$ to the protection of the “Red-head cranes’ house” and the improvement of Tram Chim’s buffer zone.

ICF wanted to conduct surveys on the breeding sites of red-head cranes and, scientists began putting electronic tracking rings worth 10,000 USD on cranes to observe their migration and reproduction. The activity was funded by the Japanese Government with the participation of American, Japanese and Vietnamese scientists. The signals received from red-head cranes provide good information for scientists to research into the red-head cranes’ migration and reproduction.

In 2008 the WWF began to work with Tram Chim officials and scientists to devise a new water management plan that mimics the historical Mekong hydrological regime. Under this plan, which was a highlight of a 195,000 US$ project from 2008 to 2011 funded by the Coca-Cola Company to restore the habitat in Tram Chim, parts of the dyke system were lowered and water levels were monitored more closely to make water flows more natural.

In late 2013 the WWF, with funds from Coca-Cola, launched the second phase of the restoration project. In this phase, which cost $180,000, the environmental group continued to assist the park management to monitor the hydrological regime.

And the result was very positive : The number of birds living in the park during the rainy season increased from 20,000 in 2008-09 to 50,000-60,000 last year. Though their numbers are still low, the elegant, red-headed sarus cranes began to return. A joint study by Tram Chim and the WWF showed 21 cranes came to the park in 2014, compared with 13 in 2013.

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4.6. Exploitation and Traditional Villages Restoration

Exploiting the local traditional villages associated with local people around the park to help improve their live with jobs and not go to the Park for hunting, agriculture, forestry and fisheries exploitation.

Creating employment opportunities for poor households in five communes around the park to participateresource use good sense of protection of natural resources of the park. People can enter the garden pruning trees and fallen dead trees to reduce flammable vegetation layer. In addition, the Malaleuca communities, there are plant communities with huge reserves if not actively burn or cut off it will decompose and long day will accumulate into inflammable material, from which pilot TCNP people on operators serving the cultivation of grass, making cattle feed. This is the traditional capital of the southern people. For the vegetables are resources and natural food of the people, after the harvest of vegetables this contract reconstruct quickly and is suitable for the extraction and this is the daily income of the people live here. With this exploit was of great help to farmers here by addressing the significant income increases for farmers. Besides the poor have stable jobs is to reduce the pressure for the park management in protecting natural resources

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CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSIONTram Chim still not promote the advantages of tourism potential, after more than 10 years been recognized as a national park, the development of eco-tourism is still not getting the attention. Because they focused on conservation which important thing to do.Given good direction, the Tram Chim National Park could become precious asset. It has significant role not only for the area but also for the whole country and for the international community. With this potential, it needs larger investment from the Government and international organizations to become real national park for the protection of genetic resources of Dong Thap ProvinceWith the enormous biodiversity which combined between animal communities and vegetation communities, Tram Chim National Park is the right place that need to develop and restoration.

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REFERENCE[1] Magnus Torell, Albert M.Salamanca and Blake D.Ratner. Wetlands Managerment in Viet Nam: Issue and Perspective. WorldFish Center, 2003[2] Do Thi Nhu Uyen, Nguyen Cu and Le Dinh Thuy. Composition Of Water Birds In Tram Chim National Park, Tam Nong, Dong Thap. National Scientific Conference On Ecology and Biological Resources V, 2012[3] Do Thi Nhu Uyen, Hoang Thi Nghiep. Primary Data On The Statistic And Assessment Of Biodiversity in Tram Chim National Park, Tam nong, Dong thap. National Scientific Conference On Ecology and Biological Resources V, 2012[4] IUCN 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatend Species, Cambridge, UK. and Grand : IUCN[5] CITES, 2003. List Species database. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species[6] Tran Ngoc Quynh. The Valuation of Tram Chim Nation Park’s Ecosystems Structure. University Of Science Ho Chi Minh City, 2015[7] Vo Thi Y Nhi. Orientation and Solutions For Sustainable Development of Eco-tourism zone of Tram Chim Nation Park, 2013

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