bio fuels
DESCRIPTION
BIO FUELS. Prof. Dr. Fatma Ashour 2009. THINK OUTSIDE THE BARREL …. THINK GREEN. Bio. Biological Resources. Fuel. Energy Source. Bio. Fuel. Energy Source from Biological Resources. Meaning of Biofuel. Biodiesel. Feedstock (Raw Material). Production. Reaction. Washing. Separator. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BIOFUELSProf. Dr. Fatma Ashour
2009
THINK OUTSIDE THE BARREL …THINK GREEN
Meaning of BiofuelBio
Biological
Resources
Fuel
Energy Source
Bio FuelEnergy Source from
Biological Resources
Biodiesel
Feedstock (Raw Material)
Fats
Animal Fat
SoybeanRapeseed
Jatropha
WVO
Mixing
Reaction
Separator Washing
Production
Bioethanol
Feedstock (Raw Material)
Production
Cellulosic Ethanol
Algae Diesel
BiomassEnergy CropsAgricultural and Forestry WastesIndustrial and Consumer Wastes
Biomass
Biogas
Biogas Production Steps
BioHydrogen
BTL (Biomass-to-Liquid)
Biofuels vs. Fossil Fuels
Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities1. Fossil fuels contribute to global warming by
increasing GHG emissions
Biofuels reduce GHG emissions (closed carbon dioxide cycle)
BiofuelsFossils
Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities2. Energy Security:
Decrease dependency on crude oil Decrease imports of crude oil Energy diversification
3. Renewable
4. Less toxic
5. Sustainable use of otherwise problematic waste products
Biofuels: Strengths & Opportunities6. Economic Benefits
Economic use of wasteland Useful co-products Carbon Credit Opportunities Additional distribution channel for agricultural
products Decentralized production and thus strengthen
rural economies
Biofuels: Weaknesses & Threats1. The biofuel market is a relatively new market
2. Feedstock production of biofuels is in competition
with food production
3. Feedstock production may be land consuming
4. Feedstock production largely depends on many
vagaries of nature
Biofuels: Weaknesses & Threats5. Economic viability: Fuel prices largely depend on
the sale of co-products
6. Lower energy content per volume than fossil fuels
Special Advantages of BiodieselThe properties of biodiesel (viscosity, ignition properties)
are similar to those of fossil diesel.
Cetane number and lubricating effect of biodiesel are
significantly higher than fossil diesel.
The toxicity of biodiesel is lower compared to fossil diesel.
Biodiesel can be blended with petrodiesel at any ratio.
Special Advantages of Bioethanol1. Ethanol has a high octane number.
2. Ethanol contains 35% oxygen which reduces particulate and NOx
emissions from combustion when compared to the combustion of
petrol.
3. Combustion of ethanol results in low CO emissions.
4. Bioethanol can be blended with gasoline at any ratio.
5. Ethanol contains no sulfur, causing no emissions of sulfur oxides.
Biofuels Market
The Effect of Moderating Oil PricesAt oil prices over US$50 per barrel, biofuels are a
cost-effective option to displace conventional gasoline and diesel fuel for transport.
At world crude oil prices of US$80 to $US100 per barrel, biofuels from a wide variety of cellulosic feedstock, including crop residues and forest residues as well as crops that are not common today, would be cost-competitive.
Since biofuels can be produced from many different feedstock that are grown under very different conditions in many different places, there are considerable cost differentials and thus significant opportunities for biofuels trade
International Tendencies (Brazil)
International Tendencies (Africa)
Bioethanol Production Africa 2006: 606,000 liters = 1.2% global production (US + Brazil: 75% global production)