BIO-ENERGY IN

THE PHILIPPINES

Presented by:

ENGR. ANDRES M. TUATES JR, RPAE, MSc

Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PHilMech)

CLSU Compound, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

Philippines

Status and Utilization

Manila

Situated 147 km north of Manila

Center of agricultural research and technology in

Central Luzon

home to 18 various research and development

centers Central Luzon State University (CLSU)

Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization

(PhilMech) – Formerly Bureau of Postharvest Research and Extension

(BPRE)

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

Philippine-Sino Center for Agriculture Technology (PhilsCAT)

Philippine-Israel Center for Agricultural Technology (PICAT)

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

Fruits and Vegetables Seeds Center (FVSC)

Regional Crop Protection Center (RCPC)

Philippine Carabao Center (PCC)

National Small Ruminant Center (NSRC)

Soil and Water Resources Management Center (SWRMC)

Department of Environmental & Natural Resources (DENR)

Department of Science & Technology – Provincial Science &

Technology Center – (DOST –NE )

National Freshwater and Fisheries Training and Research Center

(NFFTRC)

National Irrigation Administration - Casecnan Multi-purpose Irrigation

and Power Project (NIA-CMIPP)

Regional Science & Training Center (RSTC)

Center for Agricultural Resources and Environmental Studies

(RMCARES)

Mandate

Generate, extend

and

commercialize

appropriate and

problem-oriented

agriculture and

fishery

postharvest and

mechanization

technologies.

Vision

“The premier

center for

postharvest and

mechanization

development for a

globally

competitive and

sustainable

agriculture and

fishery sector..”

Mission

- to empower the

agriculture and

fishery sector by:

- increasing resource-

use efficiency and

productivity,

- reducing losses and

adding value to the

produce through

research,

development and

extension.

World Energy Outlook, September 2013

Introduction

Energy in the ASEAN Region

Introduction

13,212,54

11,5510,89

9,24

7,26

5,61

4,623,96 3,96 3,96 3,96

3,3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

P/ k

W h

r

International Comparison of Cost of Electricity

Energy Market Authority, Singapore in 2013

World Energy Outlook, September 2013

Introduction

Access to modern energy services in ASEAN, 2011

0

9

66

1 0

2528

0 13

0

1310

41

4447

0

18

49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

BruneiDarussalam

Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Po

pu

lati

on

, m

illio

n

Population without access to electricity

Population relying on traditional use ofbiomass for cooking

Introduction

The capability to

have an affordable,

dependable, and

renewable energy

source is one of the

important concerns

nowadays.

Introduction

Rice Harvesting

Agricultural Waste/ Biomass

(upper) (Lower)

Rice Hull = 3.36 million MT

Rice Straw = 15.6 million MT

R

I

C

E

Corn Harvesting

Corn Stalk (upper = 1,15 MMT) Corn Stalk (Lower) = 0.27 MMT)

Husk = 0.24 MMT Cobs = 0.51 MMT

Agricultural Waste/ Biomass

C

O

R

N

BiomassVolume

(MMT/yr)

Coconut

- Husk

- Shell

- Fronds

8.57

1.37

5.89

1.31

Sugarcane

- bagasse

- cane trash

0.34

0.25

0.09

Agricultural Waste/ Biomass

Volume

(MMT/yr)

Swine

- Waste

Chicken

- Manure

8.76

6.44

Total 15.20

Animal Waste/ Manure

Potential of Biomass for Energy

Generation

Source: USAID, 2012

2,215 MW

15 provinces in

Mindanao have

potential biomass

energy with a total of

1,316 megawatts

(MW).

1. Direct Combustion

2. Biomass Carbonization and

Densification

3. Gasification

4. Biogas

5. Alcohol/ Ethanol Production

Technology

Existing Bio-energy Conversion

Technologies

1. Direct Combustion - This makes use of

agricultural residues such as rice-hull

from the mill, cogeneration using coconut

shell, bagasse in sugar mills, kiln-drying

of lumber, tobacco-curing, bakeries and

other industries for the generation of

electrical and heat energy.

Existing Bio-energy Conversion

Technologies

1. PhilMech Biomass Furnace

Biomass Furnace

- Simple and compact

design

- Fully automatic

operation

- Clear air output

- With excellent

temperature control

system

- With ash scrubber unit

- 2 in 1 machine (heater

and carbonizer)

Biomass-Fed Mechanical Dryer

1. PhilMech Flat Bed Dryer

- Low maintenance and operating cost

- Dries paddy from dripping wet to 14% moisture content in 10-

12 hours using a drying temperature of 40-45 deg C

- Driven by a 12.5 hp diesel engine

Biomass-Fed Mechanical Dryer

2. PhilMech Reversible Flat Bed Dryer

- Eliminates manual

mixing of paddy bed

during drying

operation

- Minimize the

moisture content

gradient present in

the grain bed after

drying process at 0.7

to 1.0 %.

Biomass-Fed Mechanical Dryer

Developed a two-stage drying

system for coco peat

belt press as the first stage dryer

rotary drum as the second stage

PHilMech multi-

fuel biomass

furnace

PHilMech

Rotary Dryer

3. Drying System for Export Quality

Coco Peat

Biomass-Fed Mechanical Dryer

• Six layers of conveyor belts

of stainless steel wire mesh

• Fitted with PHilMech

biomass furnace

• Belt dryer has good potential

• For further improvement in

terms of drying control

mechanisms, reducing heat

losses, proper matching of

furnace and dryer capacities,

together with a potential

investor

4. Drying System for

Granulated Cassava as Animal

Ingredient

Biomass-Fed Mechanical Dryer

5. Drying System for Philippine Cocoa Beans

• Fixed-bed dryer with biomass furnace results to faster drying of

3-4 days compared to 6-8 days in greenhouse dryer

• Cocoa beans well dried, very brown, no molds

Rice Hull-Fired Power Plant

2. Biomass Carbonization - Charcoal is used

for domestic cooking and other applications.

Charcoal making from agri-residues is

gaining many acceptances.

Densification can be categorized into four

main types, namely: piston press

densification, screw press densification, roll

press densification, and pelletizing.

Existing Bio-energy Conversion

Technologies

Briquetting System

Hammer milling

Mechanical mixing

Briquetting

CRH

+ corn cob

CRH

+ paperCRH CCC

CRH

+ coconut

shell

CRH

+ sawdust

CRH

+ ricehull

Charcoal-Fired Oven

• It has a drying tray, charcoal pan and ash collector

• Low cost

• Easy to operate

• Utilize locally available materials

Cookstove

3. Gasification - This is the process biomass

fuel goes through to obtain fuel gas which

can either be burned in a boiler or used for

generating mechanical power using a diesel

engine.

Existing Bio-energy Conversion

Technologies

PHilRice Gasifier Stove

Mobile Gasifier

4. Biogas –is a kind of gas that is produced

during the anaerobic processing of

organic matter such as manure, plant

matter, or even municipal waste materials.

Existing Bio-energy Conversion

Technologies

Uses

- Cooking

- Brooding and mantle lamp

- Commercial oven

- Generator

- Waster pump

- Rice cooker

Bureau of Animal Industry

Biogas Technology

Bureau of Animal Industry

Biogas Technology

Bureau of Animal Industry

Biogas Technology

PHilSCAT Biogas Technology

DSAC Biogas Technology

Covered Lagoon Biogas

Technology

Alcohol/ Ethanol Production

Technology

This is when

alcohol is blended with

petroleum products to be

used as fuel in engines.

There are 3 main kinds of

alcohol-fuel blends:

alcogas, al-gas, and alco-

diesel.

• The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997 – exemption

from the payment of tariff and duties for the importation of agriculture and

fisheries inputs, equipment and machinery including renewable energy systems.

• The Clean Air Act 1999 aims to protect the country’s bodies of water from

pollution.

• The Ecological solid waste management act 2000

• The Clean water act 2004

• The Biofuel Act 2006 provide fiscal incentives and mandate the use of biofuel-

blended gasoline and diesel fuels

• The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 aims to further increase the renewable energy

utilization in the country, including biogas which comes from agricultural wastes.

• The Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) of 2013 - Development

and utilization of renewable energy resources for agricultural and fisheries

equipment and machineries

• Department of Agriculture AO# 2015 – Creation of the National Animal Waste

Resource Management Program (NAWRMP).

Bio-energy Policies

• Practice of open field burning of agricultural waste/

biomass is the cheapest and practical option prior to

land preparation.

• Non-availability of efficient collection system of

biomass after harvesting

• Lack of appropriate/ modern bio-energy technology

• Limited initial capital expenditure

• Lack of institutional set-up that could facilitate and

promote biomass production for energy.

Barriers on Biomass Utilization/

Adoption

• Energy from biomass constitutes an important part of the total

energy supply in the country.

• Biomass energy is an ideal option to replace expensive energy

supply during peak hours

• Agricultural waste/ Biomass is widely distributed and available in

the country

• Agricultural waste/ biomass has the most positive community

impact in the avoidance burning agricultural waste

• Power from the agricultural waste/ biomass has significant

potential across the entire country.

• Biogas technology was included in the animal waste resource

management program

• The government and the private sector must join hand and hand to

utilize the untapped energy from biomass.

Final Remarks

THANK YOU and

God Bless !