berkaï : l’archaïsme en tamazight (kabyle)

8/13/2019 Berka : larchasme en tamazight (kabyle)

1/10

0

Fnre` @fhnc`zkz

^dkvnrskt hn Fo``

C`ram`sin nd tì`zklmt(e`fycn) ? `d`cysn nt khndtkgka`tkbd

Xbut c`dlukt nt inurt, rnd`t nt rnabiindan

Cnabdtn Hn Ckscn,Zbins f`rf`rns, KK

Kdtrbhuatkbd

C` dbcblkn nt c`ram`sin sbdt hnux prbanssus kdvnrsnsh`ds cvbcutkbd hu cnxkqun hudn

c`dlun. @cbrs qun cn dbcblksin tndtn hn skdtrbhukrn h`ds c` c`dlun pbur sy kdst`ccnr,

c`ram`sin, ù abdtr`krn, tndh sy sbustr`krn. I`ks, puksqun tbut ibt nst danss`krnindt

ud dbcblksin quk ` russk , pbur rnprndhrn O.-A. Fbuc`dlnr (0;=; ? 0;;), hbda ud

`ram`sin p`ssn h`fbrh p`r cn st`hn dbcblkqun `v`dt hn st`fckr h`ds c` c`dlun, y

vknkcckr nt tndhrn nd sbrtkr. Nt iin sbrtk abipctnindt hn c` c`dlun, kc pnut y rnvndkr nt

trn dbuvnù udn gbrin hn dbcblksin qun Q`fc`yrbccns (6::7) `ppnccn p`cbcblksin .

On`d hn C` Gbdt`kdn nd ` g`kt prnsqun udn spak`ckt nd t`dt cùtnur hudn akdqu`dt`kdn hn

rsurlndans, p`rik cnsqunccns frngnt o`hks (Qnrin, 0;;= ? 0:), ùoburhmuk trs vkv`dts.An

p`raburs quk idn hn c` d`kss`dan c` rn-d`kss`dan nd p`ss`dt p`r c` ibrt ibdtrn fknd qun

rknd dnst oì`ks krrvnrskfcn h`ds cn cnxkqunnt qun cn r`ppbrt `ram`sin/dbcblksin dnst p`s

tbuoburs hn typn bppbsktkg.

H`ds an quk sukt dbus nss`ynrbds h`fbrh hn hgkdkr praksindt cnsdbtkbds-acs hn dbtrn

nxpbs -c`ram`sin, cn p`cbcblksin nt c` survkv`dan - nt tndtnrbds ndsuktn h`d`cysnr

cn abdanpt h`ram`sin pbur gàkcktnr sbd khndtkgka`tkbd h`ds cndsnifcn hu cnxkqun hudnc`dlun quk, fknd quàaus`dt ud trbu cnxka`c nt tnrikdbcblkqun dbrins, nst ndl`ln

rsbcuindt hnpuks quncquns handdkns, pcus ndabrn hnpuks quncquns `ddns, h`ds udn

hydìkqun hn prbibtkbd nt hn rm`fkckt`tkbd nd c`rlkss`dt sndskfcnindt sns nspàns hn

abiiudka`tkbd nt hnxprnsskbd.

Punst-an quud ram`sin2

Qk cns tr`vùx sn r`ppbrt`dt c` dbcblkn sbdt `fbdh`dts nd ckttr`turn, gbran nst hnabdst`tnr qun anux quk `fbrhndt c` prbfci`tkqun hn c`ram`sin ckdlukstkqun sbdt r`rns. Bd


2/10

6

aktn sbuvndt abdanrd`dt cn gr`d`ks hnux `rtkacns ?Kdtrbhuatkbd `ux prbfcins hn c`ram`sin

(0;7


3/10

1

anrt`kds typns hn dbcblksin quk dn sbdt qun p`rtknccnindt dbuvnùx abiin cn dbcblksin

si`dtkqun hbdt udn p`rtkn snucnindt hu skldkgk nst dbuvnccn pbur ud skldkgk`dt abddu.

Cn ibt `qc`c`sabdstktunr`kt hbda nd e`fycn, ù rnl`rh hn anttn hgkdktkbd, ud p`cbcblksin

bu udn rsurlndan hud ibt `y`dt abipctnindt hksp`ru hn cus`ln pbur cns cbautnurs hn

anrt`kds p`rcnrs, abiin ancuk hns @kt I`dluncc`t sk cbd sn gkn ù hkatkbdd`krn hn O.-I. H`ccnt

nt sk t`dt nst qukc `ktho nxkst h`ds an p`rcnr, i`ks ùssk udn survkv`dan , vbkrn iin ud

ibt dbd `ram`qun, h`ds hùtrns p`rcnrs b kc snr`kt tbuoburs `ttnst, hu ibkds h`ds ancuk hn

cùtnur cuk-iin. Anttn v`rk`tkbd hk`tbpkqun a`ràtrksn gbrtnindt udn c`dlun abiin cn

e`fycn b cbd pnut abdst`tnr ud us`ln abur`dt hud ibt h`ds udn rlkbd, `cbrs qukc ` hksp`ru

hnpuks cbdltnips h`ds udn ùtrn. Dbus `vbds rncnv h`ds Zbins e`fycns `daknds hn

Ibucbuh Iìinrk, tktrn hnxnipcn, hns ibts hbdt cn snds ` abipctnindt hksp`ru nd

Lr`dhn E`fyckn nt sns ndvkrbds b ans pbins sbdt rnaunkccks, `cbrs qukcs sbdt pbur anrt`kds

hud us`ln trs abur`dt h`ds cns p`rcnrst`s`ckt cnst hn Fo`` (@be`s, Qbue Nc Xndkdn).

Bd y trbuvn, p`r nxnipcn, cn ibt tkffw`s hbdt cùtnur arkt nd f`s hn p`ln nd e`fycn ? ur

ynttw`ssnd `r` udìne ffw`w`c-` (p. ? 0>8) cn snds hn an ibt dnst p`s abddu ?

Cue`d ` nffrnykffw`s

@ddnl tkynrsk

@dd`wnc`h`r tkc`s

@ddnz `dnssk

fn`h `-h-y`g g tkffw`s6

Kc s`lkt kak nd r`ckt hud dbi nt hn sbd suggkxn prbdbikd`c qun cùtnur arkt hud snuc

tnd`dt ? tkffw`s (3 tkffw`-s 3 tkww`-s sbd hbs ). C` tndskbd hns snik-vbynccns ndtr`dn

systi`tkqunindt cnur abdsbd`dtkgka`tkbd h`ds cns p`rcnrs hn c` Lr`dhn E`fyckn nt hn c`

Qbuiiì, `cbrs qunccns sn i`kdtknddndt h`ds c` rlkbd hn Fo`` nt hu Q`mnc1. Cn ibt tkww`

6Qk ud obur o`v`ks cn pbuvbkr

On dbunr`ks c`gg`krn

Dbus krkbds ousquùx grbdtkrns hn cnddnik

[ kdst`ccnr hns tr`damns

@u i`tkd kc dbus y trbuvnr`kt (p. ? 0>>)

Xr`huatkbd trs m`fkcn quk dn prndh p`s nd am`rln cn snlindt g tkffw`-s sur sbd hbs ? ù i`tkd kc dbus

trbuvnr`kt sur sbd hbs .1@yyur cudn , h`ds c` rlkbd hn Fo``, hnvkndt `llurnd Lr`dhn E`fyckn nt h`ds c` Qbuiiì nt t`wwurt

pbrtn hnvkndt t`llurt (Qbuiiì) nt t`ffurt/t`ppurt(Lr`dhn E`fyckn).


4/10

8

nst pcus uskt @be`s pbur hkrn hbs qun `rur quk nst ùssk abddu. C` hkàmrbdkn nd

tì`zklmt, hgùt hn hbauindts arkts `daknds nt suggks`dts, sn rhukt c` hk`tbpkn . Bd

`rrkvn `kdsk abdd`trn cn snds hn fnùabup h`ram`sins si`dtkquns nd rnabur`dt hùtrns

p`rcnrs, p`rgbks trs cbklds. Anst cn a`s, nd p`rtkaucknr, hn fnùabup hn tbpbdyins nd e`fycnhbdt cn snds ` abipctnindt hksp`ru hnpuks cbdltnips h`ds anttn v`rkt hu tì`zklmt, i`ks

abdsnrv h`ds hùtrns. Anst cn a`s p`r nxnipcn hu tbpbdyin @swnc/@sbunc, dbi hud

sbiptunux cknu tburkstkqun sktu quncquns ekcbitrns ù-hnssus hn Xkeoh`8 nt quncquns

andt`kdns hn itrns hn Xkzk DEbukc`c, hbdt cn snds ` abipctnindt hksp`ru nd e`fycn, pnut-

trn hnpuks cbdltnips, i`ks qubd rntrbuvn pcus hn ikccn akdq andts ekcbitrns hn c, nd

tbu`rnl, `vna cn snds hn pc`tnù surcnv (Abrt`hn, 0;7< ? 17=), nt anst nxàtnindt an

qukc nst>.

C`ram`sin sn i`dkgnstn ùssk, p`r v`rk`tkbd hk`str`tkqun , h`ds udn iin sydamrbdkn ?

@ ud ibindt hbdd, h`ds udn abiiudùt ckdlukstkqun, kc nxkstn skiuct`dindt, sncbd cns

lrbupns sbakùx nt sncbd cns ldr`tkbds, pcusknurs systins ckdlukstkquns 5 nd p`rtkaucknr, kc

nxkstn hns gbrins quk d`pp`rtknddndt quùx cbautnurs pcus ls5 anccns-ak snrbdt abdskhrns

p`r cns cbautnurs pcus onudns abiin hns `ram`sins p`r r`ppbrt c` dbrin abiiudn

(Hufbks nt `c., 6::6 ? 81).>Bd y ` iin rkl ud lr`dh st`hn `vna pkstn h`tmctksin hn 8::i 0


5/10

>

g`rkdn ) 5 t`fskst ic`dln hudn insurn hn g`rkdn hn a`rbufn nt hnux hbrln

mukcn cmukcn hbckvn (c` rlkbd hn Fo``) Anst an qubd `ppnccn hns

`ram`sins hn akvkcks`tkbd hdbii`dt hns r`ckts hksp`runs nt dn pbssh`dt pcus

hn abrrnspbdh`dts h`ds c` c`dlun ibhnrdn, kcs sbppbsndt ùx `ram`sins

ckdlukstkquns arkt Q`fc`yrbccns (6::< ? ;). An snr`kndt pnut-trn ùssk, pbur ans

hnrdknrs, hns ibts aucturncs , udn hdbikd`tkbd hn C`hksc`v _lust`, anst--hkrn hns

ibts quk dn pbsshndtp`s hqukv`cndtsh`ds cns ùtrns c`dlunsp`ran qukcs rndvbkndt

hns rgrndts quk dnxkstndt qun h`ds c` aucturn b kcs sbdt dbiis 5

6. Am`dlnindt kipbrt`dt hns pr`tkquns c`dl`lkrns h c` sabc`rks`tkbd i`sskvnhns pbpuc`tkbds nt ckrruptkbd h`ds cns gbynrs gìkckùx hns ihk`s cnatrbdkquns

vmkauc`dt hùtrns c`dluns nt aucturns nt rhuks`dt abdskhr`fcnindt c`

abiiudka`tkbd nt cnxprnsskbd h`ds c` c`dlun i`tnrdnccn.Bd ` `kdsk tndh`dan h`ds cn

c`dl`ln hns onudns ldr`tkbds sufstktunr hns ibts hniprudt c`r`fn bu ù

gr`d`ks hns ibts p`rg`ktnindt `ttnsts nd e`fycn quk sndl`lndt hn an g`kt h`ds ud

prbanssus h`ram`s`tkbd. Cn ibt clutk lbtnr snst trs c`rlnindt sufstktu nd

e`fycn amnz cns onudns ù ibt ndhbldn t`d`ct/t`dkctquk cnur nst tbt`cnindt kdabddu,

hu ibkds h`ds cns hnux cba`ckts ? Fo`` nt V`ggbur (h`ds c` wkc`y` hn Fbukr`)7.

Hhkskr/chk kr hnssnrt snst ùssk sufstktu p`rtbut nd E`fyckn h`ds anttn

àanptkbd `snlrk quk skldkgkn cn g`kt hn c`kssnr nd hnrdknr qqam . Ebtkzk,

`rtkauc `vna cn UeY pr-vc`krn hu gr`d`ks quk dnst p`s ì`zklmks nd p`c`t`cn hu

e`fycn UaY (nd @ZK), snst ùssk trs c`rlnindt sufstktu fznr abtksnr, sn abtksnr

quk hbddn t`fznrt abtks`tkbd 5 kipt (v. H`ccnt). Cn ibt hn c` hnuxkin

àanptkbd kipt nst qu`dt cuk p`rtknccnindt ì`zklmkz nd cìpu (pc.

ckzìpu) nd i`kdtnd`dt cn samin hn pcurknc hu gr`d`ks


6/10

7

@utrns typns h`ram`sin ckdlukstkqun

^d ùtrn typn h`ram`sin nst ancuk hns ibts vknkccks quk survkvndt udkqunindt abiin

ndrbfs h`ds udn struaturn sydt`xkqun vkv`dtn hbdt kcs dn pnuvndt nd ùaud a`s trn nxtr`kts

arkt _uitmbr (0;7< ? 60). @kdsk nd gr`d`ks cn vnrfn grkr f`ttrn, gr`ppnr dnxkstn qun h`ds

cnxprnsskbd s`ds abup grkr s`ds abif`ttrn (Wx) 5 s`ds rndabdtrnr c` ibkdhrn rskst`dan,

s`ds hkggkauct (Cn Lr`dh Vbfnrt) hbdt iin c` sydt`xn nst `ram`qun. Nd e`fycn cn vnrfn ck

`vbkr, pbsshnr dn snipcbkn qu`skindt qun h`ds cnxprnsskbd kdtnrrbl`tkvn? wk e-kc`d 2=

quk ns-tu 2/tu ns cn gkcs hn quk 2 (ckttr`cnindt ? quk tn pbsshn) . Nd hnmbrs hn anttn

nxprnsskbd bd utkcksn ùoburhmuk cn vnrfnsu.

C`ram`sin abdanrdn surtbut cn cnxkqun quk nst cn dkvnù cn pcus kdst`fcn hn c` c`dlun, i`ks

sn rndabdtrn ùssk hùtrns dkvnùx ? pmbdtkqun, ibrpmbcblkqun nt sydt`xkqun. C`

prbdbdak`tkbd hn c` hndt`cn sburhn abiin udn baacuskvn Kw`qurnd (V`ggbur) h`ds cn ibt

tt`wkc ibynd 5 pbsskfkckt, `cbrs qunccn nst `rtkaucn p`rtbut `kccnurs, Xkzk abiin

Fbulkn;, abiin udn `ggrkqun UXsY (tts`wkc), nst ud `ram`sin pmbdtkqun. Ckdtnra`c`tkbd

hudn prpbsktkbd bu hud `hvnrfn ndtrn cn prvnrfn `hhn c`brkstn nt cn vnrfn quk cn sukt nst

ud `ram`sin sydt`xkqun qubd rndabdtrn surtbut h`ds hns nxprnsskbds gklnsbu abdsàrns ?

`h èe grudt, prbdbdan U`h èwgrudtY, nxprnsskbd nccn-iin `ram`qun qubd utkcksn pburhkrn quncquud qubd trbuvnpndskg, sbdlnur qun tbus sns sbuaks nt prbfcins sn hdbunrbdt

fknd ud obur ? kcs abdd`trbdt tbus udn gkd . Kc y ` iin ud `ram`sin pmbdtkqun kak,

puksqun c` hndt`cn sbdbrn hu prvnrfn `h nst `rtkaucn abiin udn baacuskvn, `cbrs qunccn `

udn `rtkauc`tkbd grka`tkvn h`ds c` c`dlun àtunccn. Bd hkr` pcutt h`ds cn c`dl`ln abur`dt `h

grudt èe U`grudt èewY. ^dn ùtrn nxprnsskbd abur`dtn, i`ks sydt`xn `ram`qun ? `h gncc-

`s yngu Vnffk pukssn Hknu cuk p`rhbddnr . Bd hkr`, p`r nxnipcn, h`ds cn c`dl`ln abur`dt ?

`h h-y`wk gncc-`s `sngru kc gnr` ud pbin sur nccn/cuk nt dbd `h gncc-`s y`wk-h `sngru. C`

ibh`ckt hbrkndt`tkbd sp`tk`cnd quk kdhkqun ud ibuvnindt hu prbas vnrs c` pnrsbddn quk

cbd p`rcn, bppbs h quk kdhkqun cn ibuvnindt kdvnrsn, anst--hkrn vnrs c` pnrsbddn quk

p`rcn, nst ud `ram`sin lrìi`tka`c h`ds cns p`rcnrs hn Fo`` nt hn sns ndvkrbds pcus bu

=@vna v`rk`tkbd hu prbdbi `ggkxn rlkin hkrnat ? wk t-kc`d, wk tnd-kc`d quk nst-kc, quk sbdt-kcs.

;@ cnxanptkbd hns p`rcnrs t`s`ckt cnst nt ù suh-nst hn Fo`` quk dn abdd`kssndt p`s anttn `ggrkqun.


7/10


8/10

=

abiin udu kdùlurnr bu (nd `r`fn), ènttkr hgùt, g`kccn bu , ìkccus buàr`r`q a`g`rh , `gtks00 pc`ln 5 lrvn , cn trn h`ds c` iksrn, cn hdunindt , sbdt

hn anux-c. Kcs sbdt niprudts sbkt c`r`fn bu ù gr`d`ks bu ùx hnux c`dluns c` gbks ?

hnaand, chkgu/c

kf, è`g`, c`pcò, iznr/d g (4 cikzkry`, ckgquk rnipcàndt nc iksrn,hdunindt ).C` raupr`tkbd hn ans hnrdknrs nt cnur iksn hkspbsktkbd hns us`lnrs, hn iin

qun cns prniknrs, cnurs skldkgk`dts nd p`rtkaucknr, quk pburr`kndt trn `h`pts pbur skldkgknr hn

dbuvnccns r`ckts, nst udn hi`ramn danss`krn h`ds cndtrnprksn hn s`tksgàtkbd hns fnsbkds

cnxkaùx hn anttn c`dlun. C` p`cbcblkn nt c` dbcblkn prbprnindt hktn, hn iin qun c`

dbcblkn nxtnrdn , anst--hkrn p`r niprudts, abdstktundt hns butkcs danss`krns nt

abipcindt`krns h`ds cn tr`v`kc hndrkamkssnindt hu cnxkqun. I`ks ndrkamkssnindt suppbsn

h`fbrh rnabuvrnindt, rnaunkc hn an quk nxkstn abiin rnssburans h`ds udn c`dlun. Kc nst

kdutkcn hn arnr (bu hniprudtnr) an quk nxkstn ho.

Bd rndabdtrn ans `ram`sins ù dkvnù hk`str`tkqun amnz udn ikdbrkt hn cbautnurs, surtbut

cns pnrsbddns lns, i`ks ùssk hns a`tlbrkns hn pnrsbddns i`trks`dt udn pr`tkqun bu ud

itknr quk abipbrtnr`kt hns skldns quk dn sbdt abddus qun h`ds cnur ikcknu, hbda `fsndts hn c`

c`dlun abiiudn, hb cnur a`ràtrn `ram`qun. @u dkvnù hk`tbpkqun bd rntrbuvn fnùabup

hn skldns hksp`rus h`ds udn rlkbd h`ds udn ùtrn rlkbd. Bd y rntrbuvn ùssk ù dkvnù hn c`

tbpbdyikn nt hn c`dtmrbpbdyikn. Kc gùhr`kt nd p`rtkaucknr abdanrd`dt cns `ram`sins rncnv`dt

hns v`rkts hk`str`tkquns hns ndqutns akfcns ùprs hns pnrsbddns abdanrdns, surtbut,

abdanrd`dt tì`zklmt, cns pnrsbddns lns quk htknddndt ndabrn qu`dtkt hn ibts am`pp`dt

abipctnindt c` c`dlun abiiudn. Kc snr`kt pcus kdtrnss`dt pbur cns ndqutnurs, amnramnurs,

tuhk`dts bu ùtrns, hutkcksnr cns hnux `pprbamns bdbi`- nt si`skbcblkqun hn g`bd

abipcindt`krn. Vnamnramnr ùprs hkdgbri`tnurs qu`ckgks cns skldkgks hn skldns abdtndus

h`ds ud abrpus hn tnxtns v`rk (abdtns, prbvnrfns, hnvkdnttns, pbskn, hksaburs kdgbrincs).

Anst c` hi`ramn si`skbcblkqun quutkcksndt cns cnxkablr`pmns nt quk tbuamn tbutns cnsa`tlbrkns hu cnxkqun, nd p`rtkaucknr cns ibts lrìi`tkaùx nt cns vnrfns quk y sbdt fknd

rnprsndts. Cn a`ràtrn dbd rnprsndt`tkg hud tnc abrpus bfckln udn hi`ramn kdvnrsn ,

anst--hkrn bdbi`skbcblkqun, quk p`rt hn rgrndts (bfont, ki`ln, hnsarkptkbd) bu/nt

hqukv`cndts h`ds hùtrns p`rcnrs ì`zklms prbamns bu/nt h`ds hùtrns c`dluns (`r`fn,

gr`d`ks)pbur rnamnramnr cnurs skldkgk`dts ? ìne k s-qq`rnd k er` 2 abiindt `ppnccn-t-bd

qqam 2 5 ìne k h-qq`rnd er` 2 abiindt hkt-bd qqam 2 , nta. Bd abdd`t cn snds hn an

qqam , i`ks bd kldbrn s` hdbikd`tkbd.

00Bd trbuvn an ibt nd tbpbdyikn hskld`dt hns lrvns hn rkvkrns nd E`fyckn nt udn pc`ln Okonc.


9/10

;

C`d`cysn hn ans `ram`sinspnrint hnd hl`lnrnd sydamrbdkn trbks typns hkggrndts ?

- Hns `ram`sins gbsskcns hbdt kc dn rnstn qun cns gbrins qubd pnut rntrbuvnr h`dshns tnxtns `daknds ckdst`r hn anux rntrbuvs p`r I. Iìinrk h`ds cns pbins

e`fycns `daknd. Bd pnut trbuvnr anpndh`dt cn skldkgk hn anrt`kds nd rnamnram`dt h`ds

hùtrns p`rcnrs bu hk`cnatns. ^dn fbddn abuvnrturn cnxkablr`pmkqun hns hkggrndts

p`rcnrs nst ùoburhmuk udn urlndan pbur sùvnr hudn hksp`rktkbd anrt`kdn fnùabup hn

ibts hn an typn. ^dn abuvnrturn cnxkablr`pmkqun abrrnatn nt qukckfrn hu tnrr`kd nst

pr`c`fcn udn àtkbd quk sn vbuhr`kt c` gbks nggkaàn nt p`d-fnrfrn h`ds cn hbi`kdn

hn c` ibhnrdks`tkbd nt hn cndrkamkssnindt hu cnxkqun , arkt oustn tktrn Amènr

(0;=> ? =;) 5

- Hns p`cbcblksins, anst--hkrn hns rsurlndans quk gbdatkbddndt ù dkvnù hn c`ranptkbd abiin hns dbcblksins bu abiin hns prlrkdksins abip`r`tkvnindt ùx

niprudts, i`ks quk bdt udn anrt`kdn s`vnur ckttr`krn qun dbdt p`s danss`krnindt ans

hnrdknrs. Dbus `vbds ho vbqu, nd cbaaurrndan, cn ibt `qc`c`spnru abiin tnc p`r

fnùabup hn cbautnurs e`fycns 5

- Ndgkd, hns survkv`dans hn 0nr, 6nbu 1nhnlr sncbd cnur kldbr`dan p`r cns cbautnurshn c` 0nr, 6n bu 1nldr`tkbd. Cn ibt t`d`ct/t`dkct, vbqu prahniindt, snr`kt udn

survkv`dan hn 0

nr

hnlr Fo`` nt V`ggbur.

Fkfckblr`pmkn

@inzk`dn @., 6::, C` pc`dkgka`tkbd ckdlukstkqun h`ds cn hbi`kdn fnrfrn ? udn

dbri`cks`tkbd p`d-fnrfrn nst-nccn pbsskfcn 2 , X`gsut, d 6, srkn spak`cn Ntuhns nt hf`ts,

pp. =0-;0.
http://tamazgha.fr/Aqlalas-ou-l-oeuvre-litteraire-qui.htmlhttp://tamazgha.fr/Aqlalas-ou-l-oeuvre-litteraire-qui.htmlhttp://tamazgha.fr/Aqlalas-ou-l-oeuvre-litteraire-qui.htmlhttp://tamazgha.fr/Aqlalas-ou-l-oeuvre-litteraire-qui.html


10/10

0:

Abrt`hn O.-I. `vna c` abcc`fbr`tkbd hn Iìinrk I., 0;700 p.

H`ccnt O.-I., 0;=6, Hkatkbdd`krn e`fycn-gr`d`ks (p`rcnr hns @kt Indluncc`t, @clrkn),

QNC@G, Z`rks, 0:>6 p. + ]]]K].

Hufbks O. nt `c., 6::6,Hkatkbdd`krn hn ckdlukstkqun, C`rbussn.

Muylmn Z. L., 0;:8, Hkatkbdd`krn e`fycn-gr`d`ks, Hnuxkin Nhktkbd, Kiprkinrkn

D`tkbd`cn, Z`rks.

Kf`ckhnd G., Khrklund \. h Xìs`but Xm., 6:01, X`zr`wt t`sd`c ie`dt d w`w`cnd

kwnss`rnd d tnid`t d [kw`qurnd, X`zr`wt d I`stnr, tùct d tnsdkcnst, X`sh`wkt d Fl`ynt.

Emìks D., C`c`ck C. h Em`cnh D., 6:01, X`zr`wt t`sd`c ie`dt d w`w`cnd kwnss`rnd d

tinsc`yt d Fl`ynt (Kinzz`ynd) h usnrwns h tinsc`yt d \nqq`s, X`zr`wt d I`stnr, tùct d

tnsdkcnst, X`sh`wkt d Fl`ynt.

Cn Lr`dh Vbfnrt hn c` c`dlun gr`d`ksn, 6::>, vnrskbd 6.:, Cn Vbfnrt/QNONV.

Iìinrk I., 0;==,Zbins e`fycns `daknds, @clnr, C`pmbika.

Q`fc`yrbccns O.-G., 6::7, Xnrikdbcblkn hn c` dbcblkn ? càudns, gcbttnindts nt trbp

pcnkds , Qydt`xn nt si`dtkqun d < (Gr`dae Dnvnu h.), Zrnssns udkvnrskt`krns hn A`nd, p.

/88/:0/ZHG/M@CROGQR6:R6::7aR.phg

Q`fc`yrbccns O.-G., 6::

berkaï : l’archaïsme en tamazight (kabyle)

Documents