• Beginning the Design Process

Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!

• CCSS. Math. Content.HSN‐Q.A.1 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi‐step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

• CCSS. Math. Content. HS N‐Q.A.2 Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.

• CCSS. Math.Content.HSG‐CO.A.1 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.

• CCSS .Math. Content. HS G‐CO.D.12Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line.

Interest Approach• Look at these landscape drawings• What is the size of the yard?• How big are the trees and other plant

material in the yard area?• How wide are the patio or the deck

drawn in the design?• How would you know what the

measurements are for these features?

Bell Work / Student Learning Objectives

• 1. Demonstrate the use of a scale.

• 2. Describe how activities can be organized into goose egg plans.

• 3. Explain the importance of bed patterns.

• 4. Develop bed patterns for a landscape.

Terms

• Bed patterns

• Goose egg plan

• Scale

What is a scale and how is it used in landscape design?

I. For accurate designs, plans must be drawn to the actual dimensions of the yard and the plant material. Drafting plans are often “scaled down” so the plan can be drawn.

Scales

• A scale is a piece of drafting equipment that allows you to draw your plan accurately. It is similar to a ruler in that it is marked along the side. Each dash has a specific measurement.

1. An architect’s scale is used for 1/16, 1/8, and ¼ inch scale drawings.

2. An engineer’s scale is used for 1/10, 1/20, and 1/50 inch scale drawings.

Scaling• A. Residential landscape plans may be drawn

at a 1/8 scale or ¼ scale. – With 1/8 scale, each 1/8th of an inch on paper

represents 1 foot on the actual landscape

– B. Other commonly used scales are the 1/10 scale ( 1 inch = 10 feet ) and the 1/20 scale (1 inch = 20 feet). This type of scale is commonly used in Ag. Education classes and in FFA career development events.

READING A SCALE• Step 1: Turn the scale until you can find

the scale you want to use. (Hint: Scales are marked on the right or left hand side.)

• Step 2: Locate the zero on the scale.• Step 3: Realize that each line drawn shows

one foot or a portion of one foot. Step 4: Count the lines until you reach the amount of feet you need.

How can activities be organized into goose egg

plans?

II. A goose egg plan

• A. The sketches should be done quickly and roughly. This is step one in plan development

• B. Remember to design the landscape from a functional standpoint.

What is a bed pattern and why is it important in landscape

design?

III. Bed patterns• Help to form the framework for a design.

They outline the location of all shrubs, flowers, and ground covers within the design.

• Bed patterns separate the lawn from the planting area. By placing all plants in a bed, the landscape takes on a more organized appearance and is easier to maintain.

A typical / simple bed pattern.

How are bed patterns developed on a landscape

site?

IV. There are three major types of bed patterns.

– They are: straight lines 90 degrees to the home.

– Straight lines 45 degrees to the home.

– Curved lines.

Straight lines or curved lines?

• A. When choosing a bed pattern, one should remember that a viewer’s eye will follow the pattern .Patterns should be bold and wide enough to hold shrubs, flowers, and ground covers.

B. Straight lines drawn 90 degrees to the house reflect the architect of the home and often lend a symmetrical appearance to the site.

• C. On the other hand, straight lines drawn at 45 degrees to the house create more of an asymmetrical design. They also reflect the architectural lines of the home.

• D. Curved lines should be drawn as bold arcs and not small squiggles.

• E. Bed patterns should be consistent throughout the yard. Only one bed pattern should be used for the public area and the same pattern or another should be used for the outdoor living area.

• F. With all bed patterns, they should start and end at the edge of an architectural feature.

• G. It may be difficult to use different bed patterns in a single landscape without having a fragmented appearance.

The same drawing techniques apply to commercial designs, just a larger scale. What

style do these two designs represent?

Review

• By using a scale, your landscape drawings can be done accurately. However, drawings usually start as sketches or goose egg plans.

• Using bed patterns will help to keep the design flowing and connect the entire landscape

Evaluation

• Why are bed patterns used in a landscape?

• What are the three types of bed patterns?

• What are some commonly used scales?

• Why are scales used?

The End!