be health smartlesson 3, chapter 31 first aid. be health smartlesson 3, chapter 3, first aid2...

Be Health Smart Lesson 3, Chapter 3 1

First AidFirst Aid

Be Health Smart Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid 2

MotivationMotivation• First-aid might be

needed anywhere, at any time, and without warning.

• Studying basic first-aid skills will help you be prepared in emergencies.


Lesson overviewLesson overview• What is first aid?

• How can you be prepared for an emergency?

• What are universal precautions?

• What are the four steps to take for most emergencies?

• What are common emergencies?


Lesson overview (cont’d)Lesson overview (cont’d)• How should you treat a sprain?• How should you treat a broken bone? • How should you deal with a foreign object in

the eye? • What are severe emergencies? • How can you help a person who is choking?


Lesson ObjectivesLesson Objectives• Define First Aid• Explain how you can be prepared for an

Emergency• Discuss some universal Precautions• Explain the four steps to be taken for most

emergencies• Know at least 4 common emergencies• Explain how to treat a Sprain explain R.I.C.E.• Explain how to treat a Broken Bone


Lesson ObjectivesLesson Objectives• Explain how to treat a foreign object in the

eye• Explain how to help a person who is choking


Quick WriteQuick WriteSuppose that you witnessed a car accident. List the actions you would take to provide help and the order in which you would take them.

(Note: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS.)


What is first aid?What is first aid?

• First aid—immediate temporary care for an injured/ill person until he/she can get professional help

• Knowing first aid may• Help prevent further damage• Speed recovery• Make the difference between life and death


How can you be prepared for an emergency?

How can you be prepared for an emergency?

• Learn basic first-aid skills.

• Have emergency numbers on hand.

• Know location of family health records.

• Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car. Know how to use them.


How can you be prepared for an emergency? (cont’d)

How can you be prepared for an emergency? (cont’d)

• Make your own first-aid kit or buy one.

• Basic first-aid supplies• Instruments (e.g., tweezers)• Equipment (e.g., thermometer)• Medications (e.g., antiseptic ointment)• Dressings (e.g., bandages)• Miscellaneous (e.g., face mask)


What are universal precautions?

What are universal precautions?

• Universal precautions—actions that prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated

• Examples• Wear protective gloves.• Use a face mask or shield.• Cover open wounds on your body.• Avoid touching objects that have had contact with

victim’s blood.• Wash hands thoroughly after giving first aid.


What are the four steps to take for most emergencies?

What are the four steps to take for most emergencies?

• Recognize the signs.

• Decide to act.

• Call for help.

• Provide care until help arrives.


What are common emergencies?

What are common emergencies?

• Sprains• Bruises• Broken bones• Insect bites• Burns• Poisoning• Foreign objects in eye• Nosebleed• Fainting• Heat-related illnesses


How should you treat a sprain?How should you treat a sprain?• Symptoms

• Swelling• Bruising

• For minor sprains, use R.I.C.E. method• Rest• Ice• Compression• Elevation


How should you treat a broken bone?

How should you treat a broken bone?

• Open fracture—complete break with one or both sides of the bone piercing the skin

• Closed fracture—does not break the skin• Symptoms—pain, swelling, misshapen

appearance• Have X-ray taken. This is the only way

to be sure bone is broken.


How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye?

How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye?

• If the object is in your eye• Don’t rub.• Try to flush object out with clean water.• If unsuccessful, seek help.

• If object is in someone else’s eye• Locate object.• Remove floating object on eye’s surface with cotton

swab or clean cloth.• If unsuccessful, seek help.


How should you treat a nosebleed?

How should you treat a nosebleed?

• Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger.

• Breathe through mouth.• Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes.• Get medical assistance if bleeding.

• Lasts for 15+ minutes• Is excessive


What are severe emergencies?What are severe emergencies?

• Severe emergencies are emergencies in which a person may have only minutes to live unless the correct treatment is provided.

• In such emergencies, try to stay calm, and call for help.


How can you help a person who is choking?

How can you help a person who is choking?

• Choking occurs when person’s airway becomes blocked by an object.

• Signs of choking include• Expression of fear• Clutching throat• Wheezing/gasping• Turning reddish purple• Bulging eyes• Inability to speak


How can you help a person who is choking? (cont’d)


• For an adult or older child, use abdominal thrusts—quick, upward pulls into the diaphragm to force out an obstruction blocking the airway.

• The abdominal thrusts technique• From behind, wrap arms around person’s waist and

tip person slightly forward.




• Make a fist. Place thumb side of fist just above person’s navel but below breastbone.

• Grasp fist with other hand. • Quickly thrust inward and upward. • Repeat thrusts until food/object is dislodged. • If person becomes unresponsive, call for

medical help and begin CPR.




• If you are choking, give yourself abdominal thrusts.• Make fist and position it slightly above

navel. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward into abdomen until object pops out.

• Or lean over a firm object (back of chair) and press abdomen into it.


How should you treat severe bleeding?

How should you treat severe bleeding?

• Have person lie down.• If possible, raise bleeding site above heart

level.• Wear protective gloves if possible.• Apply direct pressure to wound with clean

cloth.• If unsuccessful, apply pressure to the artery

that supplies blood to wounded area.


How should you treat severe bleeding? (cont’d)


• For arm bleeding• Use four fingers to press on

inside of upper arm.• Press artery at this point

against arm bone.• To find artery, feel for

pulse below round muscle of biceps.




• For leg bleeding• Use heel of your hand to

press groin at area shown here.

• Press artery at this point against pelvic bone.

• You may need to use both hands.


Lesson reviewLesson review• First aid—immediate temporary care for injured/ill

person until professional help arrives • Be prepared for emergencies.

• Learn basic first-aid skills.• Have list of emergency phone numbers.• Know location of family health records.• Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car and know how to

use them. • Universal precautions—actions taken to prevent

spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated


Lesson review (cont’d)Lesson review (cont’d)• The four steps to take for most emergencies

• Recognize signs.• Decide to act.• Call for help.• Provide care until help arrives.

• Common emergencies: sprains, bruises, broken bones, insect bites, burns, poisoning, foreign objects in eye, nosebleeds, fainting, and heat-related illnesses

• Treat minor sprains with R.I.C.E. method.• X-ray any possibly broken bones.


Lesson review (cont’d)Lesson review (cont’d)• For foreign object in eye, try to flush object

out of eye with clean water. If unsuccessful, get medical assistance.

• To treat nosebleed• Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger.• Breathe through mouth.• Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes.• If bleeding lasts 15+ minutes or if there is a lot of

blood, seek medical assistance.


Lesson review (cont’d)Lesson review (cont’d)• Help a choking adult or older child by using

abdominal thrusts technique. • If you are choking, expel object with

abdominal thrusts technique or by leaning over firm object and pressing abdomen into it.


Lesson review (cont’d)Lesson review (cont’d)• To stop severe bleeding, have person lie down.

• Try to raise bleeding site above level of heart. • Try to use protective gloves. • Apply direct pressure to wound with clean cloth.• If unsuccessful, apply pressure to artery that supplies blood

to wounded area.


SummarySummary• What is first aid? • How can you be prepared for an emergency? • What are universal precautions? • What are the four steps to take for most

emergencies? • What are common emergencies?


Summary (cont’d)Summary (cont’d)• How should you treat a sprain?• How should you treat a broken bone? • How should you deal with a foreign object in

the eye? • What are severe emergencies? • How can you help a person who is choking?

be health smartlesson 3, chapter 31 first aid. be health smartlesson 3, chapter 3, first aid2...

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