battles & conflicts of mughal empire
TRANSCRIPT
Battles & Conflicts of
Mughal Empire By Sajid Bin Rashid Rafi
First Battle of Panipat
Part of Mughal conquests
Date 21 April 1526
Location Panipat (in present-day Haryana, India)
Result Decisive Mughal Victory, End of the Lodi dynasty, Establishment of the Mughal Empire
Territorial changes Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals
Belligerents
Babur Lodi dynasty and Afghans
Commanders and leaders
Babur Humayun Chin Timur Khan Ustad Ali Quli Mustafa Rumi Asad Malik Hast Raja Sanghar Ali Khan
Ibrahim Lodi Vikramjit
Strength
12,000 Mughals (Babur) Field artillery
1,00,000 (Babur) 50,000 (Afghan sources) 100 war elephants
Casualties and losses
Few 15,000-20,000
Battle of Khanwa
Part of Expansion of the Mughal Empire
Date 1527
Location Khanwa, near Agra, India
Result Decisive victory of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and consolidation of Mughal power in India
Territorial changes Expansion of the Mughal Empire into Rajput territories.
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Rajput, Lodi dynasty loyalists
Commanders and leaders
Babur Humayun Ustad Ali Quli Mustafa Rumi Chin Timur Khan Mir Mohib Ali Khalifa Mir Abdul Aziz Mir Muhammed Ali Khan Khusrau Shah Kokultash Kassim Husain Khan Muhammad Zaman Mirza
Sultan Mahmud Lodi Mewar.svg Hasan Khan Mewati Mewar Rana Sanga (WIA) Rawal Uday Singh Wagari Mewar Manik Chand Chauhan Mewar. Chandrabhan Chauhan Mewar.Ratan Singh Chundawat Mewar. Raj Rana Ajja Mewar.Rao Ramdas Mewar.Gokaldas Parmar Mewar. Rawal Udai Singh
Strength
60,000 Mughals 8000 Kabul Reinforcements 40-50 Field Artillery
50,000 Rajputs, 30,000 Purbiyas, 10,000 Afghans, 12,000 Muslim Rajputs, 500 War Elephants
Battle of Ghaghra
Part of Mughal conquests
Date 6 May, 1529
Location Ghaghara River, near Bihar side, India
Result Decisive Mughal victory
Territorial changes Bihar annexed by Mughal Empire including surrounding territories. Peace settlement with the Sultanate of Bengal
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Eastern Afghan Confederates, Sultanate of Bengal
Commanders and leaders
Babur Humayun Askari Mirza Muhammad Zaman Mirza Sultan Jalal ud-Din Sherki Sultan Junaid Birlas Ustad Ali Quli Musfata Rumi
Sultan Mahmud Lodi Sultan Nusrat Shah Sultan Jalal ud-Din Lohani Sher Shah Suri Bayezid Biban Fateh Khan Shirwani Shah Muhammad Maaruf
Strength
>30,000 ~150,000 100-150 Naval Vessels
Casualties and losses
200 12500
Siege of Sambhal
Part of Mughal conquests
Date 1526
Location Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India
Result Decisive Mughal victory
Territorial changes Sambhal taken by Mughals
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Western Afghan Confederates
Commanders and leaders
Babur Hindu Baig
Malik Baban Jilwani Kasim Sambhali
Strength
~150
Larger
Casualties and losses
Heavy High
Second Battle of Panipat
Part of Mughal conquests
Date November 5, 1556
Location Panipat (in present-day Haryana, India)
Result Decisive victory of the Mughal Empire
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Himu
Commanders and leaders
Bairam Khan Shah Ali Quli Khan Lal Khan of Badakshan Muhammad Qasim Abdulla Khan Iskander Khan Sikandar Khan Uzbeg Mulla Pir Muhammad
Hemu Rammaya Shadi Khan Kakkar Mahipal
Strength
10,000-20,000 cavalry Cannons in larger number than Hemu
50,000 cavalry 1,000 War elephants 51 cannons 500 falconets (Badayuni)
Casualties and losses
120 War elephants captured
Battle of Thanesar
Part of Mughal-Rajput War 1558-1578
Date July 1567-
Location Thanesar on the banks of the Sarsawati Ghaggar River in the state of Haryana
Result Expulsion of two rival groups of Sanyasis from the encampment of the Mughal Emperor Akbar
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Two rival groups of Sanyasis
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Mehtar Khan Ghazi Khan Badakshani
Sanyasis
Strength
8000 men 2 cannons 400 Matchlocks 75 War elephants
800-1000 Sanyasi's
Casualties and losses
5-10 wounded 50-150 killed
Siege of Chittorgarh
Part of Mughal-Hindu Rajput War (1558-1578)
Date 23 October 1567 - 23 February 1568
Location 250 km northwest east of Agra
Result Decisive victory and a successful siege by Mughal Emperor Akbar
Territorial changes The Mughal Empire swept into the territories of Udai Singh II
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Rajputs of Chittorgarh Fort
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Abdullah Khan Khwaja Abdul Majid Ghazi Khan Mehtar Khan Munim Khan
Rao Jaimal Rana Jai Singh Patta Chundawat
Strength
80,000 men 80 cannons 95 swivel guns 800 matchlocks 5,000 war elephants
8,000 men
Casualties and losses
29,336 to 39,500 8,000 Rajputs 30,000 civilians inside the fort
Siege of Ranthambore
Part of Mughal-Hindu Rajput War (1558-1578)
Date February 8, 1568 - March 21, 1568
Location 270 km northwest east of Agra
Result A successful siege by Mughal Emperor Akbar causes the Rajput leader Rai Surjan Hada to surrender Ranthambore Fort.
Territorial changes The Mughal Empire swept into the territories of Rao Surjan Hada of Ranthambore Fort.
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Rajputs of Ranthambore Fort
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Mehtar Khan Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan Ghazi Khan Badakshani Munim Khan
Rao Surjan Hada
Strength
70,000 men 96 cannons 50 swivel guns 900 Matchlocks 4000 War elephants
12,000 men 100 War elephants
Casualties and losses
Unknown 3,000
Battle of Tukaroi
Part of Mughal conquests
Date March 3, 1575
Location Between Midnapore and Jalesar, Western Bengal
Result Decisive Mughal victory Treaty of Katak
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Munim Khan Daud Khan Raja Todar Mal
Daud Khan Karrani Gujar Khan
Strength
Larger 40,000 Cavalry 140,000 infantry 20,000 Guns 3600 Elephants Several Hundred War Boats
Casualties and losses
Heavy High
Battle of Rajmahal
Part of Mughal conquests
Date 12 July 1576
Location Rajmahal
Result Decisive Mughal victory End of Karrani Dynasty
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Karrani dynasty of Sultanate of Bengal
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Muzaffar Khan Turbati Khan Jahan Raja Todai Mar
Daud Khan Karrani Junaid Kala Pahar
Strength
5000 horsemen reinforcement 50,000
Casualties and losses
Heavy
Battle of Haldighati
Part of Mughal conquests
Date 18/21 June 1576
Location Haldighati
Result Strategic Victory of Rajputs Battle victory of Mughals. Mughals fail to capture or kill Maharana. The Mewarian army is defeated by the Mughal Army
Empires
Mughal Mewar
Commanders and leaders
Akbar Man Singh I Syed Hasim Syed Ahmed Khan Bahlol Khan Multan Khan Gazi Khan Badakshi Bhokal Singh Khorasan Wasim Khan
Maharana Pratap Hakim Khan Sur Rao Poonja Dodiya Bhim Man Singh Jhala Man Singh Bida Ramshah Tanwar Shalivahan Singh Tomar Krishnadas Chundawat Rao Chandra Sen
Strength
80,000 (James Todd) 5,000 (Modern Estimates)
22,000 (James Todd) 3,000 (Modern Estimates)
Casualties and losses
Heavy losses Few thousand
Battle of Bhuchar Mori
Part of Mughal conquests
Date July 1591
Location Bhuchar Mori plateau near Dhrol State (now near Dhrol, Jamnagar district, Gujarat, India)
Result Decisive Mughal victory
Territorial changes Kathiawar fell under Mughal Empire
Empires
Mughal Nawanagar State, Junagadh State, Kundla State , Cutch State
Commanders and leaders
Mirza Aziz Koka Jam Sataji Jam Ajaji † Jasa Vajir † Daulat Khan Ghori Loma Kumar Rao Bharmal Ji I Sanganji Vadher Vasai Parmar
Strength
8900-9000 17000-21000 84 elephants
Casualties and losses
100-200 warriors 500 injured
2000 warriors 700 horses disabled
Siege of Kandahar (1605–06)
Part of Mughal–Persian Wars
Date 1605–1606
Location Kandahar, Afghanistan
Result Mughal Victory
Empires
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire
Commanders and leaders
Šāh Beg Khan Hosayn Khan
Mughal–Safavid War
Part of Mughal–Persian Wars
Date 1622–1623
Location nowadays Afghanistan
Result Safavid victory
Territorial changes Kandahar falls to Safavid Iran
Empires
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Jahangir Emperor Abbas I of Persia
Strength
5000 5000
Mughal–Safavid War
Part of Mughal–Persian Wars
Date 1649–1653
Location Afghanistan
Result Safavid victory , Safavids recapture Kandahar Territorial changes Kandahar falls again to the Safavids
Empires
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire, Khanate of Bukhara
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Shah Jahan Kilij Khan Mughal Prince Murad Baksh Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh Mughal Prince Aurangzeb (Next emperor)
Emperor Abbas II of Persia Mehrā Khan Autar Khan Abdul Aziz
Strength
40,000 10,000 12,000 Zamburak
80,000 18,000 Sowars 110 cannons
Casualties and losses
5,000 17,000
Battle of Samugarh
Part of Mughal war of succession 1658–1659
Date May 29, 1658
Location Samugarh, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Agra
Result Decisive victory and coronation of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Territorial changes The Mughal Empire faced no significant change in territory
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Aurangzeb Murad Baksh Mir Jumla II Kilich Khan Bahadur
Dara Shikoh Sulaiman Shikoh Khalilullah Khan Rustam Khan Deccani Rao Chhatrasal Hada Ram Singh Rautela
Strength
40,000 60 cannons 75 swivel guns
60,000 80 cannons 990 swivel guns
Casualties and losses
2,000 30,000
Battle of Khajwa
Part of Mughal war of succession 1658–1659
Date January 5, 1659
Location Khajwa
Result Decisive victory and coronation of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Territorial changes The newly crowned Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb gains absolute control of the eastern territories of the Mughal Empire
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Aurangzeb Mir Jumla II Islam Khan Kilich Khan Bahadur Shaista Khan Haji Shafi Isfahani Nur Beg Dur Beg Rustam Beg
Shah Shuja Buland Akhtar Sultan Bang Zainul Abedin
Strength
90,000 120 cannons 8,000 War elephants
25,000 110 cannons 10,000 War elephants
Casualties and losses
11,000 9,000
Battle of Itakhuli
Part of the Ahom-Mughal conflicts
Date August 1682
Location Guwahati
Result Decisive Ahom Victory
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Ahom kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Dihingia Alun Borbarua Mansur Khan, Ali Akbar
Siege of Purandhar
Part of The Mughal-Maratha War
Date 1665
Location Purandar near Saswad
Result Mughal Victory Territorial changes The Mughal Empire regained control of much of
modern day Tamil Nadu
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Maratha Empire
Commanders and leaders
Aurangzeb Dilir Khan Jai Singh I Prince Muazzam Jahan Khan Bahadur
Shivaji
Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War
Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War Date 1679–84
Location Ladakh
Result Treaty of Tingmosgang Belligerents
Mughal Empire Tibet
Commanders and leaders
Deldan Namgyal Fidai Khan
Galdan Chhewang
Mughal–Maratha Wars
Part of Mughal–Maratha Wars Date September 1681 – May 1707
Location Present-day states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu
Result victory during Aurangzebian phase,final victory to marathas during peshwa phase
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Maratha Empire
Commanders and leaders
Aurangzeb Azam Shah Husain Ali Khan Bahadur Shah
Sambhaji Rajaram Maharani Tarabai
Siege of Golconda
Part of Mughal-Qutbshahi War (1686–1687)
Date January 1687 – September 22, 1687
Location Golconda, India
Result Victory of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and the overthrow and imprisonment of Abul Hasan Qutb Shah
Territorial changes Qutb Shahi dynasty, Golconda included in the Mughal Empire
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Qutb Shahi dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Aurangzeb Abdullah Khan Bahadur Firuz Jang Munnawar Khan Kilich Khan Bahadur Shaista Khan Ibrahim Khan Dilir Khan Khalilullah Khan
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah Muqarrab Khan (defector) Sarandaz Khan (defector)
Strength
90,000 men - 120,000
240 Cannons 50,000 Cavalry
35,000 men 110 Cannons 10,000 Cavalry
Casualties and losses
1000 killed or wounded 5000 killed or wounded
Battle of Karnal
Part of Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire & the Naderian Wars
Date February 24, 1739
Location Karnal, Punjab region, North India
Result Decisive Persian victory
Territorial changes The Mughal capital of Delhi is occupied, and then sacked. All Mughal territories north of the Indus River are annexed by the Persian Empire.
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Persian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Muhammad Shah Nader Shah of Persia
Strength
300,000 2,000 War Elephants 3,000 Cannon
55,000
Casualties and losses
20,000–30,000 1,100
Battle of Buxar
Part of Bengal War
Date 22 October 1764
Location Near Buxar
Result British East India Company Victory
Belligerents
Mughal Empire
Nawab of Awadh
Nawab of Bengal
Durrani and Rohilla Factions
British East India Company
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Shah Alam II
Shuja-ud-Daula
Mirza Najaf Khan
Mir Qasim
General Hector Munro of Novar
Strength
40,000 140 cannons
7,072 30 cannons
Casualties and losses
10,000 killed or wounded 6,000 captured
1,847 killed or wounded
Siege of Delhi
Part of the Indian rebellion of 1857
Date 8 June – 21 September 1857
Location Delhi, Mughal Empire
Result Decisive British-EIC victory
Belligerents
Mughal Empire Indian Rebels
United Kingdom United Kingdom East India Company Native irregulars Civilian volunteers
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Bahadur Shah II Mughal Prince Mirza Mughal Bakht Khan
Archdale Wilson (United Kingdom) John Nicholson (East India Company)
Strength
12,000 sepoys, 30,000 irregulars, 100 guns
8,000 infantry 2,000 cavalry 2,200 Kashmiri irregulars 42 field guns 60 siege guns
Casualties and losses
5,000 killed and wounded 1,254 killed 4,493 wounded