basics of leadership
TRANSCRIPT
BASICS OF LEADERSHIPEric K. Kaufman & Richard J.
Rateau February 2011
“I strive to emerge as a leader, knowing that I've been given the tools and experience to make a difference.”
- Vanessa Finney, LEAD Maryland Class III Fellow
WHO WE ARE…Eric K. Kaufman
Assistant Professor & Extension Specialist @ VT
Coordinator of VT’s Graduate Certificate in Collaborative Community Leadership
Former H.S. AgriScience Teacher
Richard J. Rateau
Doctoral Candidate @ VT
Former Director with Perdue Farms & FFM
Graduate of Center for Creative Leadership’s Leadership Development Program
ADDRESSING THE BASICS…
What is leadership?
What’s the difference between leadership and management?
What makes an effective leader?
What is at the core of leadership?
How do I focus and develop?
Answering Common Questions: Finding Yourself as a Leader
LEADERSHIP CRISIS IN AMERICA?
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON LEADERSHIP
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
HOW DO YOU DEFINE LEADERSHIP? Defining Leadership
through Personalized Plates Use template to create a
personalized license plate that identifies a characteristic of leadership.
Your plate may have a combination of up to seven letters, numbers, and/or special characters.
Creativity is encouraged.
LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM DANCING GUY
HOW DO YOU DEFINE LEADERSHIP? Defining Leadership
through Personalized Plates Use template to create a
personalized license plate that identifies a characteristic of leadership.
Your plate may have a combination of up to seven letters, numbers, and/or special characters.
Creativity is encouraged.
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
“Leadership is the answer to
everything.”- Jim Collins, recovering leadership atheist and author of Good to Great (2001)
“Leadership appears to be the art of getting
others to want to do something you are convinced should
be done.”- Vance Packard, social critic and author of The Pyramid Climbers (1962)
Atheist Perspective Optimist Perspective
LEADERSHIP DEFINED “Leadership is the art of mobilizing
others to want to struggle for shared aspirations.” James Kouzes & Barry Posner, leadership
researchers and authors of The Leadership Challenge
“Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.”
Peter Northouse, professor of communication and author of Leadership: Theory and Practice
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT?
LEADERSHIP VS. MANAGEMENT
Management emerged at the turn of the 20th century with the rise of the industrialization to:
1. Reduce chaos in organizations2. Make them run more effectively and efficiently 3. The primary function was to plan, organize, staff and
control. (Northouse, 2010)
“Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing.”
(Bennis and Nanus, 1985, p. 221)
LEADERSHIP VS. MANAGEMENT“Leadership produces change and movement”
while“Management produces order and
consistency”(Northouse, 2010, p. 10)
“Leadership is the art of accomplishing more than the science of management
says is possible.”- Colin Powell
UNDERCOVER BOSS
UNDERCOVER BOSS In what ways are the
McCann brothers engaged in management?
In what ways are they engaged in leadership?
How do you know?
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUILTS & PUZZLES (HOPKINS, 2010)
The puzzle is managerial whereby it represents boxed-in thinking; working towards solutions that are pre-defined by a set of rules or parameters.
Quilts, on the other hand, are entrepreneurial, creative expressions of leadership; open-ended thinking not limited by a picture of what the solution should look like.
WHAT MAKES AN EFFECTIVE LEADER?
LEADERSHIP STORIES
QUALITIES OF A LEADER
Great ManTheories
Early 1900s
•Research focused on individual characteristics that universally differentiated leaders from nonleaders
Traits Interacting With Situational
Demands on Leaders
1930-50s
• Landmark Stogdill (1948) study - analyzed and synthesized 124 trait studies - Leadership reconceptualized as a relationship between people in a social situation
• Mann (1959) reviewed 1,400 findings of personality and leadership in small groups - Less emphasis on situations - Suggested personality traits could be used to discriminate leaders from nonleaders
Revival of Critical Role of Traits in LeaderEffectiveness
• Stogdill (1974) - Analyzed 163 new studies with 1948 study findings - Validated original study - 10 characteristics positively identified with leadership
• Lord, DeVader, & Alliger (1986) meta-analysis - Personality traits can be used to differentiate leaders/nonleaders
• Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991) - 6 traits make up the “Right Stuff” for leaders
HISTORICAL SHIFTS IN TRAIT LEADERSHIP1970’s - Early 90s
Innate Qualities
Situations
Personality / Behaviors
Today
• Intelligence• Self-Confidence• Determination• Integrity• Sociability
5 MajorLeadership
Traits
500 YEARS OF LEADERSHIP THEORY (GARRICK, 2006)
Challenging the ProcessInspiring a Shared VisionEnabling Others to ActModeling the WayEncouraging the Heart
EXEMPLARY LEADERSHIP PRACTICES (KOUZES & POSNER, 2007)
QUALITIES FOR CONFIDENCE (ROSENTHAL ET AL., 2009)
Trust Competence Working for the
Greater Good Shared Values Results Being in Touch with
People’s Needs and Concerns
MULTI-LEVEL VIEW OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
(AVOLIO, 2005)Life
Experiences
Talents & Capacitie
s
Self Aware
Self-Regulate
Self-Develop
Triggers
Culture
Vision
How am I Supported?
What am I Experiencing?
How do I develop and behave?
Where do I come from?
Who am I? What am I
becoming?
WHERE CAN WE PRACTICE & APPLY LEADERSHIP?
Business Community Family Professional Organizations
UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT STYLES OF
LEADERSHIP
LEADERSHIP STYLES FOR ANY SITUATION
Autocratic Bureaucratic Democratic
Laissez-Faire
Coercive Transactional Transformational
Time Remaining:
Prepare a hieroglyphic that represents your assigned style
STOP!
LEADERSHIP STYLES FOR ANY SITUATION
Autocratic Bureaucratic Democratic
Laissez-Faire
Coercive Transactional Transformational
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Which leadership style(s) do you prefer? As a leader? As a follower?
When is each style appropriate? What is the advantage/disadvantage of a
situational approach?
FINDING YOURSELF AS A LEADER
WHAT IS THE CORE OF LEADERSHIP?
Core Personality
Strengths & Weaknesses
Building Trust
Coaching
Decision Making
Delegation
Facilitation
Teamwork
Leading Change
CommunicationCreativity
Listening
Negotiating
Political Skill
Providing Direction
Solving Problems
Visioning
CORE PERSONALITY Accumulation of enduring physical and
mental attributes Result from the interaction of heredity and
environmental factors
“All too often, leaders are blind to the obvious when it comes to something of critical importance to them – their own personality.”
- Rath & Conchie, 2008, p. 11
VALUES Values are the social principles, goals, or standards
held or accepted by an individual class, society, etc. - Webster’s Dictionary
Values are a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others.
- Geert Hofstede “Culture’s Consequences” The principles we seek to live in accordance with.
Essential and enduring beliefs and principles not to be compromised for short-term gain or expediency.
- Collins and Porras “Built to Last”
“VALUES RUMMY” Activity in groups Select 3 most important personal values Begin by each drawing three cards Draw & discard a card at each turn
May draw from top of deck or discard pile Proceed for 10 minutes
Time Remaining:
Values Rummy•Select 3 most important personal values•Begin by each drawing three cards•Draw & discard a card at each turn
•May draw from top of deck or discard pile
STOP!
“VALUES RUMMY” Was it difficult to choose what values to
keep? What made it difficult? Were you surprised at some of the values
that others “discarded”? Why? Did you find all of the values you wanted, or
did you discover that someone else was holding a card you were looking for?
“VALUES RUMMY”Were you surprised by any of the
“values” included in the deck?Which values were participants most
likely to hold onto? Which values were quickly discarded? Why?
Does the Values Rummy activity bear any similarities to the way values are selected or identified in real life? How? In what ways is the activity different from real life?
WHAT IS THE CORE OF LEADERSHIP?
Core Personality
Strengths & Weaknesses
Building Trust
Coaching
Decision Making
Delegation
Facilitation
Teamwork
Leading Change
CommunicationCreativity
Listening
Negotiating
Political Skill
Providing Direction
Solving Problems
Visioning
CORE PERSONALITY Accumulation of enduring physical and
mental attributes Result from the interaction of heredity and
environmental factors
“All too often, leaders are blind to the obvious when it comes to something of critical importance to them – their own personality.”
- Rath & Conchie, 2008, p. 11
MULTI-LEVEL VIEW OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
(AVOLIO, 2005)Life
Experiences
Talents & Capacitie
s
Self Aware
Self-Regulate
Self-Develop
Triggers
Culture
Vision
How am I Supported?
What am I Experiencing?
Where do I come from?
Who am I?
PERSONAL SWOT ANALYSISStrengths•What do you do well?•What do others see as your strengths?
Weaknesses•What could you improve?•What are others likely to see as weaknesses?
Opportunities•What trends could you take advantage of?•How can you turn your strengths into opportunities?
Threats•What trends could harm you?•What threats do your weaknesses expose you to?
KEY FINDINGS FROM 50 YEARS OF GALLUP RESEARCH (RATH & CONCHIE, 2008, PAGES 2-3)
The most effective leaders:1. Are always investing in strengths2. Surround themselves with the right people
and then maximize their team3. Understand their followers needs
MULTI-LEVEL VIEW OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
(AVOLIO, 2005)Life
Experiences
Talents & Capacitie
s
Self Aware
Self-Regulate
Self-Develop
Triggers
Culture
Vision
How am I Supported?
What am I Experiencing?
How do I develop and behave?
Where do I come from?
Who am I? What am I
becoming?
HOW DO I DEVELOP?
Identify Priorities
Craft Mission/Vision
Outline Goals
Execute
FIVE WAYS TO STUDY LEADERSHIP(JACKSON & PARRY, 2008)
Attempt to leadObserve leadership in actionTalk about leadershipRead about leadershipWrite about leadership
CAVEATS ON STUDYING LEADERSHIP “Anyone who has attempted to lead
will understand that the act of leadership is considerably more challenging than talking, reading, writing or seeing leadership all put together. There’s no doubt that one can learn the most about leadership from actually trying to lead.” (Jackson & Parry, 2008, p. 5)
“The distinctive feature of leadership is that it would appear the more we learn about leadership, the more we realize we have to and want to learn.” (Jackson & Parry, 2008, p. 9)
IMPLICATIONS FOR YOU AND OTHERS?
