bao cao thuc tap nhan thuc k52

8/2/2019 Bao Cao Thuc Tap Nhan Thuc K52

1/54

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

LI NI U

T xa ti nay thc phm l vn quan trng i vi cuc sng con ngi

chng ta. T tin chng ta bit s dng hoa qu, tht ng vt l thc phm. cng

ngy cng c nhiu cch chbin cc loi thc phm khc nhau

Vit Nam l mt nc cn nhit i gi mua ln chng ta rt phong ph v chng

loi cy n qu v s lng cy n qu Vit Nam cng rt ln. Tuy s lng cy n

qu nhiu nhng ngi nng dn ca chng ta c thu nhp cha cao, do hoa qu nng

sn cha c quy trnh chbin v bo qun. gip nhng ngi nng dn ci thin thu

nhp, hng lot nh my, x nghip chbin v xut khu ra qu c m ra. Trong

qu trnh chbin v bo qun nng sn c s tham gia ca nhiu loi my mc m quy

trnh cng ngh c th.

Trong t thc tp nhn thc va ri ti xng ca trng em c c hi c

tip xc vi nhng my mc hin i v nhng quy trnh cng ngh chbin hoa qu v

cc sn phn t sa.Nhng ng dng c th ca tng loi my, nguyn l hot ng vcc thng s tnh ton ca tng loi my gip cho em hiu them phn no v ngnh

sinh hc v thc phm ca mnh

Sau y em xin c tng kt nhng kin thc m em hc c trong qu

trnh thc tp va qua. Bi bo co ca em gm 2 phn chnh l chbin hoa qu v ch

bin sa

1


2/54


1 RAU QU NG HP:

1.1 CNG NGH:

Quy trnh chung ch bin rau qu ng hp:

2

Nguyn liu

Thu nhn, vn

chuyn v bo qun

Phn loi

Ra ln 1

Chbin c hc

Ra ln 2

Chbin nhit

Xp bao b

Thanh trng


3/54


1.1.1 Ch bin rau qu ng hp:

3

Sn phm

La chn v phn loi

Nguyn liu

Vn chuyn

Thu nhn v bo qun

Ra

Chbin c hc

Chbin nhit

Rt nh lng v

a vo hp

Thanh trng

Sn phm


4/54


1.1.2 Ch bin nc qu c c:

4

Vn chuyn

Thu nhn v bo

qun

La chn, phn loi v x l

Ra

Nghin

Ch v, tch ht

un nng

C c

ng chai l

Thanh trng

Sn phm


5/54


1.2 THIT B:

1.2.1 My nghin

1: v, 2: trc quay, 3: cnh nghin trn trc quay

Hnh 1: my nghin

Tng qut: Thit b lm cho sn phm s dng d dng, nh nhng, hiu qu

hn.Thit b dng cho c sn phm t v sn phm kh

Cu to: ng c quay, ba nghin, np (c thit b cm bin), bng iu khin,

li nghin (di ba nghin, to kch thc sn phm).

Nguyn l hot ng : Nguyn liu sau khi ra sch, thi ming thch hp c

a n ca vo pha trn ca thit b nghin. Nh ng c c cnh nghin, nguyn liu

c bm v p vo m nghin. Qua cc l nh trn m nghin, nguyn liu ra ngoi

theo ca ra pha di vo phu ca thit b.

5


6/54


1.2.2 Thit b un nng trc vt

Hnh v 2: Thit b un nng trc vt

S nguyn l un nng trc vt:

1: v bo n; 2: khoang cha cht ti nhit; 3: trc vt; 4: ng dn sn phm vo

6


7/54


Mc ch: gia nhit lin tc cho sn phm, ct mnh, m bo cc phn ng bt

hot enzyme, lm mm sn phm v qu trnh kn kh trc khi sn phm em i bo

qun hoc chbin tip nh nghin cc loi c chua, cam ; gia nhit s b cc loi

rau trc khi em ng kh. Thit b dung hi nng hoc nc nng.

Cu to: gm c ng c, h thng trc vt, h thng iu khin van hi ( bng

tay v t ng ), van n p, cm bin o nhit cp hi, o nhit u ra ca sn

phm. Thn thit b gm 2 khoang, khoang trong cha nguyn liu, khoang ngoi cha

hi, c thm lp v cch nhit. Ngoi ra cn c phu cho nguyn liu vo, bng iu

khin, ng h ch p sut, p lc

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu sau khi c nghin s qua phu v vo

khoang trong ca thit b. Nh h thng trc vt, nguyn liu c o u,trao i

nhit vi khoang ngoi nn nguyn liu c un nng u v c a ra u kia,

trnh hin tng tc. Khoang ngoi c cp hi nn s lm nng nguyn liu khoang

trong. Do , sn phm s c lm nng u v a ra ngoi qua ca ra ca thit b.

Ch : hi nng c cp 2 ung lm nng u sn phm. Thnh thong

kim tra nhit v p sut. Nu nhit tng cao ta phi gim nhit trnh lm

hng hoc bin i mt s cht trong sn phm. Nu p sut tng qu cao ta c th lm

gim p sut bng van x p.

7


8/54


1.2.3 My ch:

Hnh v 3: My ch

8


9/54


S nguyn l my ch

Mc ch: Lm cho khi nguyn liu ng nht. C tc dng loi b nhng phn

khng c gi tr dinh dng, khng mong mun nh v c, qu.

Cu to: Gm 1 ng c gn lin vi trc c 3 cnh ch lm bng thp khng r.

Li ch c c cc l nh, kch thc cc l nh,vi kch thc :0,5;0,75;1;1,5mm

9


10/54


to mn mong mun, h thng ra, khung bng thp.

Ch : kch thc l li ch c th thay i ph thuc vo tng loi sn phm:

+ sn xut nc qu c, ngi ta dung l li c ng knh:0,50-0,75mm

+ sn xut c chua c c, ngi ta dng l li c ng knh :1,0-1,5mm

Ngoi ra cn c cc b phn khc nh phu di dn bt ch, phu trn dn v

b i, bng iu khin, ng dn nc v sinh thit b, van cm bin ng

m ca my ch.

Nguyn l hot ng : Nguyn liu qua un nng (c b sung thm nc

trnh dnh bt vo li ch v tng nng sut ch) c a qua phu vo khoang

ch. Khi ng c hot ng, nguyn liu c quay u, cc cnh ch c tc dng xit,

p nguyn liu vo li ch. Phn v, x, ht nm trong li theo phu trn ra ngoi.

Phn bt ch qua cc l nh trn li chy ra theo phu di ra ngoi.

1.2.4 Thit b ni hai v:

10


11/54


Hnh 4: Thit b ni 2 v

Mc ch: gi mu v to u, mn cho sn phm, un nng nhit thp50-60oC.

Cu to: gm c ng c cnh khuy, h thng ng h ch p sut, nhit ; h

thng van x hi, n p, cn rt Thn thit b gm 2 khoang: khoang trong cha sn

phm, khoang ngoi cha hi.

Nguyn l hot ng: Sn phm sau khi ch c a vo thit b ni 2 v. Khi

thit b hot ng, khoang hi s c cp hi nng lm nng sn phm, kt hp vi s

hot ng ca ng c cnh khuy, sn phm s c nng u. Tin hnh rt sn

phm ra ngoi bng cn rt.

11


12/54


Ch : nu nhit gim ta tng cng lng hi bng cch m van hi cp vo.

Nu nhit tng qu cao, ta phi x p bng cc van x p.

1.2.5 Thit b c c mng, c c chn khng:

1.2.5.1 Thit b c c mng:

12


13/54


Hnh 5.1: thit b c c mng

S c c mng:

13


14/54


S nguyn l

Mc ch: lm gim lng nc trong sn phm nh sa, nc tri cy, dch ng v

dch khoai ty.

Cu to: Gm c bnh cha nguyn liu v bnh cha thnh phm, phn thit b

c c gm 2 khoang : khoang ngoi cha hi nng, khoang trong cha sn phm, 2

bm pittng, 1 bm chn khng, ng c to mng, bnh nc ngng,ng thy. Ngoi

ra phu cht thm, bng iu khin v h thng cc van hi, van nc, van iu chnh

chn khnh, bm chn khng loi vng nc, h thng iu khin p sut v nhit

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu c bm t thung cha, ri bm ln trn

thit b v c phun t trn xung. Hi nng s c bm di ln khoang ngoi.

14


15/54


Khi ng c quay s to lc lm bn sn phm ln thnh trong ca thit b to thnh

nhng mng mng. Khoang ngoi ca thit b cha hi nng s thc hin qu trnh trao

i nhit qua thnh trong v lm sn phm c c li. Hi th c ht chn khng ra

bnh ngng. Khi sn phm c c c li s c bm ra khoang cha kim tra:

nu sn phm t yu cu cho sang cng on tip theo, nu sn phm khng t tip

tc lp li qu trnh c c ti khi sn phm t yu cu. Qu trnh c c c kim

sot cht ch p sut, thi gian, nhit , chn khng. Ngoi ra thit b cn c lc kh

lm gim s nghim khun.

Qu trnh c c c th lin tc, bn lin tc hoc tng bc mt.

1.2.5.2 Thit b c c chn khng:

Hnh v 5.2: Thit b c c chn khng

15


16/54


S nguyn l:

Mc ch: lm gim lng nc trong sn phm.

Cu to: gm khoang un nng nguyn liu, khoang nc ngng, bm chn

khng, ng c cnh khuy. Ngoi ra cn c phu cht thm, bng iu khin, h thng

van v ng dn hi, dn nc, ng h o p sut, nhit , chn khng

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu c a vo trong khoang un nng v c

o trn nh ng c cnh khuy. Hi c cp vo khoang un nng, lm si nguyn

liu v xy ra hin tng bc hi. Phn hi nc s c chuyn sang khoang ngng,

sau c lm mt v ngng t. tng hiu sut bc hi ta dung bm ht chn

khng bm ht hi, kh v to chn khng. Qu trnh bc hi s lm nguyn liu

16


17/54


dn c c c. Ly mu sn phm qua ca th v kim tra c c bng thit b

chuyn dng. C th b sung cc cht phu gia qua phu cht thm. Nc ngng bnh

c thc o ta d dng kim tra v tho nc trnh tnh trng nc trn.

1.2.6 Mychit chai:

Hnh v 6: My rt nh lng

S nguyn l:

17


18/54


1: Piston; 2: Phu rt sn phm; 3: L thong kh; 4: Xi lanh.

Mc ch: rt lng sn phm nht nh vo trong bao b.

Cu to: Gm c phu a sn phm vo, bm pittng nh lng hot ng

nh h thng nn kh. Ngoi ra cn c cc b phn khc nh bng iu khin, van nh

lng t ng, ng dn nn kh, bng iu khin (iu khin ch rt t ng-lin

tc, ch rt bn t ng-khng lin tc)

Nguyn l hot ng: Thit b da trn nguyn l hot ng ca pittng kh nn,to 1 khong cch (c th iu chnh c nh tay quay iu khin). Sn phm c rt

nh lng nh h thng iu chnh khong gia ca pittng (khong cch ny chnh l

th tch ca chai cn ng). H thng van nh lng ng m t ng iu khin s

u n ca qu trnh ny.

Nguyn tc hot ng van kh nn v ch m van rt:

Qu trnh np nguyn liu: kh nn i vo 4, i ra 1.Van 2, 3 ng pittong

dich chuyn t phi sang tri v van c bit chuyn ng nh (1), sn

phm c lp vo khoang cha.

Qu trnh rt nguyn liu: kh nn i vo 2, i ra 3, Van 1,4 ng pittong

18


19/54


dch chuyn t tri qua phi, van c bit chuyn ng nh (2), sn phm

c y ra v rt vo bao b.

Ch :

- Ta c th iu chnh th tch rt ca sn phm nh h thng trc vt quay iuchnh pittong.

- Qu trnh rt c th t ng hoc bn t ng.

1.2.7 Thit b p nt chai:

Mc ch: trong qu trnh chbin hp, qu trnh dp nt chai ngn khng

cho sn phm thc phm vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh bn ngoi, l 1 qu trnh

quan trng, c nh hng ti thi gian bo qun lu di ca thc phm . Np chai

phi c ng tht kn, chc chn.

19


20/54


Hnh v 7: My dp nt chai

Cu to: gm c phn dp v phn chp np chai, phn nh v v tr chai. Ngoi

ra cn c pittng cp kh nn c lo xo y ln, thit b iu khin bng tay, ng dnkh nn.

Nguyn l hot ng: Nt chai c dp da trn nguyn l ca thit b nn kh.

Khi dp xung th kh nn s c cp, nt chai s c dp xung khit cht vo chai.

Sau lo xo y pitong ln tip tc cho qu trnh dp tip theo m khng cn cp kh

nn t pha di.

1.2.8 Thit b thanh trng lin tc, thanh trng cao p:

1.2.8.1 Thit b thanh trng lin tc:

20


21/54


Hnh 8.1: Thit b thanh trng lin tc

Mc ch: thanh trng sn phm sau khi ng chai, chng li s xm nhp ca vi

sinh vt c hai v bo qun sn phm c lu.

Cu to: gm 2 khoang cha nc: khoang nng thanh trng v khoang lnh

gim nhit, ng c ca bng ti sn phm, h thng vi phun, bm, ng h ch nhit

, p sut. Ngoi ra cn c h thng ng dy dn, ng x, bng iu khin, van x

t ng v van cp hi, gile t ngt.

Nguyn l hot ng: Sn phm sau khi ng chai c t trn b mt bng ti.

Qu trnh din ra ba bc sau:

1. Thanh trng : Nc nng c lm nng ti 95-980 C bng hi nc.

Nc c cha trong bn v c bm phun bng my bm ly tm. Qu

trnh c kim sot bng h thng iu khin.

21


22/54


2. Tin lm mt. Nc nng tm 600C c phun vo sn phm sau bc 1,

nhm trnh lm rn nt thy tinh do s thay i nhit qu nhanh. Qu

trnh c th iu khin bng tay.

3. Lm mt: Sn phm sau bc hai c lm mt bng nc lnh.

1.2.8.2 Thit b thanh trng cao p:

Hnh 8.2: Ni thanh trng cao p

Mc ch: v trung cc sn phm, tiu dit cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, c bit cc

sn phm c pH cao nh sa, cc loi u trng thi t nhin, tht, c hoc cc

dng, dng c trong phng th nghim nhit ln hn 1000C. Qu trnh tin hnh

trong p sut cao nhit 116 hoc 1210C.

Cu to: gm khoang cha sn phm cn v trng, h thng ng h o p sut,

nhit , h thng van hi, van x an ton. Thit b c lm bng thp khng r, chu

c nhit v p sut cao. Trong thn thit b c cc gi trn v gi di sn

22


23/54


phm. Ngoi ra cn c h thng vt ng, m np thit b, h thng dy dn

Nguyn l hot ng: sn phn cn thanh trng c xp vo cc gi trong

khoang cha ri y np li. Hi c cp vo tron thit b ti mt p sut nht nh(tng ng vi nhit ta cn v trng). My ngng cp hi v cp nhit cho

mi trng bn trong ti nhit yu cu. Nhit v thi gian v trng cn ph

thuc tng loi sn phm nh: rau qu thanh trng 90- 105C ; tht c thanh trng

121CThng thng th nhit cng cao, thi gian thanh trng cng ngn v ngc

li. Sau khi thanh trng xong, ta h nhit t t trnh lm hng bao b, trnh lm v

sn phm. C th lm ngui bng cch cho nc ngui vo trong thit b.

1.2.9 My p:

Hnh v : My p

Trong sn xut nc rau qu,p l phng php cha ch yu tch dch bo ra

23


24/54


khi nguyn liu. Trong qu trnh p, hiu sut p ph thuc vo cc yu t:

Phm cht nguyn liu.

Phng php s ch.

Cu to,chiu dy, chc ca khi nguyn liu.

p sut p.

Mc ch: p ly nc hoa qu, loi b v,ht v x

Cu to: Gm bng chuyn v trc khuu dn hoa qu p. H thng pittng iu

chnh trc p trn chuyn ng v trc p di c nh (dng bm thy lc-bm du).

Ngoi ra cn c bng iu khin,ng dn nc p ra ngoi, khay v b i

Nguyn l hot ng: Hoa qu cn p c a vo qua phu, theo h thng

bng ti i vo, v trc khuu s ln lt a tng qu mt vo phn m p di. M p

trn nh hot ng ca pittng s p xung, 2 m p va kht kch thc loi qu p. S

dch chuyn ca trc p l do s chuyn ng ca pittong. Khi van 1 m, van2 dong duc bm vo v y trc p xung. Sau du c bm ht ngc tr li y

trc p ln v tip tc qu trnh p. Lng v th c loi b ra ngoi, ri xung khay

cha. Nc qu p c ly ra theo ng dn tip tc nhng cng on sau.

Nhng b, x nh c y ra khi trc p nh 1 trc gia trc p trn. Cn gt qu

v hm qu c chuyn chuyn ng t trc p ti trc khuu.

24


25/54


1.2.10 Thit b lc khung bn:

Hnh : Thit b lc khung bn

S nguyn l:

25


26/54


Cu to khung bn

1: bn; 2: khung; 3: dn huyn ph vo; 4: ca ra; 5: vi lc

Mc ch: lc sn phm lng, nh nc hoa qu, du, sa th, dch hoa qu ln

men.. Qu trnh lc loi cht rn cn b ra khi sn phm.

Cu to: gm c h thng bng nha c nhng tm vi lc, thit b bm, khay

hng, trc vt. Ngoi ra cn c thng cha, h thng dy dn. van, thit b o p sut,

nhit , h thng iu khin p sut.

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu c a t thng cha sang thit b lc nh

h thng bm. Huyn ph di tc ng ca p sut c a qua rnh 3 ri vo khon

rng ca khung, cht lng chui qua vi lc sang cc rnh ca bn ri theo van ra ngoi,

cn b b gi li trong khung.

ra b, ta ngng cho huyn ph v cho nc ra vo. Nc ra chui qua lp vi

lc, qua ton b b dy lp b ko theo cht lng cn li trong b qua lp vi lc th hai

26


27/54


sang bn bn cnh ri theong ra ngoi. Khi ra xong, ngi ta m tay quay, khung v

bn tch xa nhau, b s ri xung mng di ri ly ra ngoi.

1.2.11 Thit b n nhit c o trn:

S nguyn l

27


28/54


Hnh 11: Thng n nhit c o trn

Mc ch: gin inh sn phm ti nhit nht nh, lm ng u cc thnh

phn trong sn phm, khuy trn vi gia v.

Cu to: bn cha c 2 khoang: khoang ngoi dn cht ti nhit, khoang trong

cha sn phm, c h thng ng c cnh khuy pha trn thit b. Ngoi ra cn c h

thng van t ng, bnh ngng, thit b bm, bng iu khin, dy dn, ng h o

nhit , p sut.

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu c a vo trong thit b ri lm nng nhphn nc nng (nc c lm nng bng hi nng). Nc nng s c tun hon

m bo cung cp nht cho nguyn liu. Nhit ca nc nng s c iu

chnh nh van ng m t ng. ng c cnh khuy hot ng c tc dng lm sn

phm nng u ti mi im. Ty theo yu cu m c th cho thm cc loi gia v khc

nhau. Sau khi kt thc qu trnh, sn phm c ly ra ngoi theo ng ng dn.Thi

gian thc hin qu trnh ny ty thuc tng loi sn phm.

Tng t ta c th thay hi nng bng hi lnh gi lnh sn phm.

1.2.12 Thit b sy hng ngoi:

28


29/54


Hnh v : thit b sy hng ngoi

S nguyn l:

1: ng c; 2: h thng s pht tia hng ngoi; 3: canh o trn; 4: sng; 5: thitb trc vt thu bi.

Cu to:

+ V ngoi cch nhit bng inox, phu dn nguyn liu, ca thong kh. Bn

trong khoang sy: pha trn l h thng x hng ngoi, gia l lp sng c

nh o trn, di y l b phn lm thng thong. C ng c trc vt y

29


30/54


phn cn.

+ Ngoi ra c cc thit b i km: sng v qut ht ly tm ht v v cn.

Nguyn l hot ng: sn phm qua phu nhn, c a vo khoang sy. Dy

in tr t trongng s bng cht liu c bit, chng to thnh in tr. Khi c tcdng ca dng in mt chiu, in tr c nung nng, bc x tia hng ngoi. Nhit

lng do bc x hng ngoi gia nhit v sy kh sn phm. Tia hng ngoi c kh

nng lm nng u sn phm . Sn phm c o trn nh ng c v cnh khuy,

lm cho sn phm c sy u hn. Sn phm sau 1 thi gian, tin hnh kim tra

cht lng, nu t th c a ra ngoi, tip tc tin hnh cng on ch v ht v

1.2.13 Thit b ghp np hp

Cu to:

(1): nng hn. Quay ra trc n dt phn np hp xung

(2): su hn. Dng sau, c tc dng lm cun mp hp li cho gn v p, an ton

30


31/54


cho ngi s dng

My lm vic bn t ng

1.2.14 H thng CIP

Mc ch: lm sch cc thit b ti ch.

Cu to: gm cc thng cha dung dch, bm, thit b trao i nhit tm bn, h

thng cc van, ngng dn hi, nguyn liu...

Nguyn l hot ng: khi ta mun ra thit b no bng mt dung dch. Bm dung

dch ln trao i nhit vi hi nng, qu trnh ra nhanh v sch. Dung dch ra

c ng ng dn n thit b cn ra. Qu trnh ra xong dung dch c dn v

thit b, vo thng cha dung dch (qu tnh hi lu).

Qu trnh ra din ra: vi mi yu cu khc nhau th c cc cch ra khc nhau,

nhng thao tc chung cho tt c thit b l nc c a i ra u tin, sau axit,

sau nc, tip l dng baz v nc c em i ra ln cui lm sch thit b.

Sau cc qu trnh ra bng cc loi dung dch trn c th dng hi nng lm sch

hon ton thit b.

31


32/54


H thng CIP c dng cho cc thit b c ng ng cng knh, di m khng

th thc hin cc thao tc ra th cng. Nhng v h thng CIP l h thng dng axit v

baz lm v sinh thit b nn cng phi trnh trng hp thit b b oxy ha.

2 CH BIN SA:

2.1 Ch bin cc sn phm t sa:

2.1.1 Ch bin sa:

32

Sa nguyn liu

Thu nhn, vn chuyn v bo qun

Ly tm

M sa Sa bt bo

Sa gy

B un nng C c


33/54


2.1.2 Sn xut phomat:

33

Sa nguyn liu

Thanh trng

Ln men, ng t

Tch whey

p bnh


34/54


2.2 Cc thit b v nguyn l hot ng:

2.2.1 Thit b bo qun sa:

34


35/54


Mc ch: bo qun sa nguyn liu 4oC khi mi thu mua v m cha chbin.

Cu to: mt thng hai v c np y, m t cnh khuy, bng iu khin nhit

v thi gian, thanh o mc sa v chng hin tng sa chy ra ngoi qu nhiu,

gin lnh. Ngoi ra cn c my bm ht sa.

Nguyn l hot ng: sa sau khi thu mua v s cho vo thng bo qun (dung

tich 200l). Gin lnh cp hi lnh bao quanh lp ngoi gi nhit 4oC bo

qun sa. M t cnh khuy quay nhit bn trong lng sa bng bn ngoi. Khi

cn s dng sa ta m my bm ht sa.

Ch :

Thi gian bo qun sa: Sa cha thanh trng: 1 ngy.

Sa thanh trng: 7-10 ngy.

2.2.2 Thit b thanh trung sa:

35


36/54


2.2.2.1 Thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn:

Hnh nh 2.1: thit b trao i nhit tm bn

Khu vc I: lm nng nguyn liu cho vo.

Khu vc II: lm nng li.

Khu vc III: lm mt nguyn liu.

Khu vc IV: lm lnh.

36


37/54


Mc ch: Nh qu trnh bin i nhit t ngt, lin tc tiu dit bt cc

VSV gy hi cho sn phm hoc lm hng sn phm. Thit b do s dng trao i dng

tm nn c hiu qu khi thanh trng cc sn phm c nht thp nh sa, nc hoa

qu.

Cu to:

Thng cha nguyn liu.

Bm ht sa, ng h o p sut, o lu lng sa.

Thit b trao i nhit c 4 khoang: cp nhit, ti cp nhit, lm mt,

lm lnh.

Van iu chnh sa ra vo. Van iu chnh cp hi.

H thng diu khin t ng

Nguyn l hot ng:

Sa sau khi c bo qun s c chuyn vo thng cha sa ca thit b thanh

trng. My bm ht sa s iu chnh tc sa i vo. Sa i vo vo (4oC) trao i

nhit vi sa nng i ra (78oC) khoang 3. Sau khi trao i nhit xong sa c nhit

khong 35-40oC. Sau sa s c i my ng ha ri quay tr li trao i nhit vi

nc nng nhit sa l 78-80oC khoang 4, sa s c cho i qua mt on

ng di tng thi gian thanh trng (lu nhit), ri trao i nhit vi sa i vo

nhit gim cn 35-40oC khoang 3, sau trao i nhit vi nc thng khoang

2 v nhit gim xung 20oC, tip tc trao i nhit vi nc lnh v nhit cui

cng sau khi thanh trung l 4oC.

Cm bin nhit: cp nhit cho nc thng n nhit 80-82oC. Gi nhit

n dnh thanh trng sa. Khi nhit tng cao hn 80-82oC th cm bin nhit s

y van xung lm gim lng hi i vo, lm gim nhit .

37


38/54


2.2.2.2 Thit b thanh trng ng lng ng:

Hnh : Thit b thanh trngng lngng

S nguyn l:

38


39/54


Mc ch: lm nng sn phm nh hin tng trao i nhit, thanh trng sn

phm. C kh nng thanh trng cc sn phm c nht cao hn thanh trng bn mng

nh dch hoa qu, dch c chua Sn phm ra c nhit nng, ti 920C, c th lm

mt sn phm nu ta gn thm h thng lm mt.

Cu to: h thngng lngng gm 2 lp: lp ngoi cha cht ti nhit l nc

nng hoc nc lnh, bn trong l nguyn liu. H thng bm trc vt, bm nc, thng

cha nguyn liu, thit b cp hi vo trong nc. Ngoi ra cn c bng iu khin,

ng h o nhit , p sut, cc van an ton v van t ng, bn cha.

Nguyn l hot ng: nguyn liu c a vo thng cha ri c bm vo h

thng ng lng ng. Bao gm 3 qu trnh: trao i nhit vi nc nng 8 ng, lu

nhit, trao i nhit vi nc thng 2ng. Qu trnh nguyn liu chuyn ng trong

h thng ny, m van hi cung cp nhit. S thay i nhit gia 2 khoang thng qua b

39


40/54


mt lp vng s xy ra. Sn phm thu nhit cho ti khi t nng cn thit s c

ly ra cui ng ng. Nu sn phm cha t yu cu s c hi lu vo thng

cha tin hnh lm nng li. Nh qu trnh thay i nhit t ngt v qu trnh

lu sn phm trong thi gian di nhit nng nn nhiu vi sinh vt c hi, vi sinh vt

gy bnh s b tiu dit.

2.2.3 My ly tm cht bo sa

40


41/54


Hnh 3: Thit b ly tm

S nguyn l:

My ly tm cao tc loi a v cu to m phng h thng a

Mc ch: phn tch hai pha lng trong huyn ph rn. Nng sut my thay i

41


42/54


ty theo loi sn phm (sa l 500l/gi, lc nc hoa qu l 150l/ gi). Thit b cng c

th lm tch cn b trong nc chanh.

Cu to: Gm ng c ly tm c tc cao (7200-10000 vng/pht), h thng

phu trn cha sa, di l cc phu mng gm nhiu lp xp xen vo nhau hnh

chp ct. phn gia ca thit b l trc ca ng c ly tm. Bng iu khin cng sut

ca vng quay, rnh chy ca m sa v sa bt bo. Tt cae u c lm vt liu

chng g nh thp chng g, thp trng men.

Nguyn l hot ng: Sa c a qua phu cha ca thit b ly tm ri xung

h thng l phu nh di. ng c ly tm hot ng s to ra p lc v gia tc cho

cc ht sa tch ring, sa bo i ra theo ca trn, sa gy i ra theo ca di. Nng

sut ly tm ph thuc vo ng c ly tm v lng sa qua cc l phu.

Ch :

i vi sa thng iu chnh vng quay: 4000-4500v/p.

c kt qu mong mun c th da vo sn phm thu c iu

chnh s vng quay cho hp l.

Nhit khng nh hng nhiu n cht lng sn phm.

2.2.4 My ng ha

42


43/54


My ng ha trong xng c ni vi thit b thanh trng bn mng.

My hot ng da theo nguyn l lm tng tc ca cu m ca cac khe hp lmgim kch thc ca cu m nhanh chng.

2.2.5 Thng ln men phomat:

43


44/54


S nguyn l:

1: Ni nhn nguyn liu; 2: Ni ly casein; 3: Cnh khuy ; 4: Ni hai v

Mc ch: thng ln men phomat lm ng t sa.

Cu to: thng hai v c np y, ng c cnh khuy, van cp nhit, cp nc

lnh,ng x nc tch whey.

Nguyn l hot ng: sa sau khi c thanh trung s cho vo thung ln men v

c un nng 60-65oC sau h nhit xung khoang 40-45oC. Qu trnh cp nhit

v h nhit c iu chnh bng lng hi nng v lng nc i vo v ngoi ca

thng. B sung nm men, vi sinh vt, enzyme ln men sa. Qu trnh ln men ca

nm men trong iu kin hiu kh nn ng c cnh khuy lun c khuy trn. Sau

c th b sung thm rennin tng s ng t ca casein trong sa. Phn whey

trn, phn casein ng t di. Kt thc qu trnh ln men ta m vanng x, thu c

casein c ng t.

44


45/54


2.2.6 My dp p phomat:

S nguyn l:

45


46/54


Mc ch: dp p to hnh dng cho phomat, loi nc ra khi phomat

Cu to: mm nn, pittong kh nn, trc hn c nh gi thng bng mm nn.

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi van bt ln trn: kh nn i vo (1), i ra (2), ko pittong ln trn.

Khi van gia: my s dng.

Khi van bt xung di: kh nn i vo (2), i ra (1), pittong di

chuyn xung di, mm c dp xung di v p nc trong

phomat ra.

2.2.7 My o trn b:

46


47/54


S nguyn l:

1: Ca nguyn liu vo; 2: V thit b; 3: Trc cng cnh khut; 4: Ca nc ra.

47


48/54


Mc ch: lm ng t m sa lm b.

Cu to: gm trc ng c c cnh o trn, 1 khoang cha b v nc, h

thng van m loi nc v cc ngng dn,van x trn, thit b cm bin.

Nguyn l hot ng: c 2 phng php hot ng nh sau :

S dng mui : Cho 1 lng mui nht nh ph hp vi lng b cn

nc vo thit b o trn. ng c hot ng s lm mui tan dn vo b

v ht nc trong b, to b kh .

S dng lnh : Cho lnh v b vo thit b, nh ng c o trn

b v nc lnh s xy ra s ng t. Do b nh hn nn ni ln trn, pha

di l nc lnh. Thao tc tho van di x nc, lng b s dnh li

trn b mt ca thit b v cnh khuy.

Co b t cc cnh khuy trong thit b.

3 PHN BI TP:Cu 1: Tnh din tch b mt trao i nhit ca cc thit b:

1. Thit b un nng ng lng ng:

Din tch b mt trao i nhit: F= C.l.n

Trong : C:chu ving; l: chiu di, n: sng

o bng thc nghim ta c:

48


49/54


C= 6 cm, l= 195 cm, n=10ng

Ta c: F= 6x195x10= 11700 cm2.

2. Thit b thanh trng dng bn mng:

Din tch b mt trao i nhit: F= a.b.(n-2)

Trong :

a: chiu di tm bn.

b: chiu rng tm bn.

n-2: s b mt trao i nhit.


a= 42 cm.

b= 15 cm. F= 42x15x42= 26460(cm2)

n= 44 bn

3. Thit b n nhit

Din tch b mt trao i nhit: F= Ftr + Fcu


H= 0.81 m Ftr= .D.h= 3.14x0.4934x0.5633= 0.8727 (m2)

D= 0.4934 m Fcu= 1/2. .D2 =1/2 x 3.14 x 0.49342 =0.3822 (m2)

49


50/54


h= 0.5633 m F= 0.8727+0.3822=1.2549 (m2)

Cu 2: Tnh vn tc bng ti trong thit b thanh trng lin tc thanh trng rau qu.

Vn tc bng ti: v= L/(A+B) (m/pht)

Trong :

A: thi gian nng nhit (GV cho s liu).

B: thi gian h nhit (GV cho s liu).

o thc nghim ta c: L= 215 cm.

Cu 3: Tnh din tch b mt trao i nhit ca thit b un nng trc vt:

Din tch b mt trao i nhit: F= d.l

Trong : d: chu ving trong.

l: chiu di.


d= 50 cm F= 50x112= 5600 (cm2)

l= 112 cm

Cu 5: Tnh s khung v s bn trong h thng my lc khung bn theo tng nguyn

liu u:

Th tch

dch lc

(l)

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

Th tch 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7

50


51/54


b kh

(%Vdch)

S khung

Bi lm

o thc nghim ta c:

a= 1.85 dm

b= 1.85 dm Vkhung= a.b.c= 1.85x1.85x0.13= 0.444925 (l)

c= 0.13 dm

Vbm = Vb kh /(1-w)

Trong : w= 0.85

S khung n= Vbm / (Vkhung x0.8)

S bn= n + 1

Theo cng thc tnh ton ta c bng sau:

Th tch

dch lc

(l)

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

Th tch

b kh

(%Vdch)

5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7

S khung 936 927 899 852 787 702 689 669 641 605

S bn 937 928 900 853 788 703 690 670 642 606

KT LUN

51


52/54


Trn y l ton b bo co ca em trong t thc tp va qua. Qua t thc tp

ny em c thm nhiu kin thc v my v cc quy trnh cng ngh. N l hnh trang

ban u em c th vt qua cc t thc tp tip theo. V quan trong hn l n gip

em b ng khi lm vic ti cc nh my trong tng lai

Em xin cm n cc thy c nhit tnh hng dn chng em trong t thc tp

va qua

Do y l ln u tin i thc tp v tip xc vi my t, ln bi bo co ca em

cn rt nhiu sai st. Mong thy c ch bo thm cho em.

Mc lc

1 RAU QU NG HP: 2

52


53/54


1.1 CNG NGH: 2

1.1.1 Chbin rau qu ng hp: 3

1.1.2 Chbin nc qu c c: 4

1.2 THIT B: 5

1.2.1 My nghin 5

1.2.2 Thit b un nng trc vt 6

1.2.3 My ch: 8

1.2.4 Thit b ni hai v: 10

1.2.5 Thit b c c mng, c c chn khng: 12

1.2.6 Mychit chai: 17

1.2.7 Thit b p nt chai: 19

1.2.8 Thit b thanh trng lin tc, thanh trng cao p: 20

1.2.9 My p: 23

1.2.10 Thit b lc khung bn: 25

1.2.11 Thit bn nhit c o trn: 27

1.2.12 Thit b sy hng ngoi: 28

1.2.13 Thit b ghp np hp 30

1.2.14 H thng CIP 31

2 CHBIN SA: 32

2.1 Chbin cc sn phm t sa: 32

2.1.1 Chbin sa: 32

53


54/54


2.1.2 Sn xut phomat: 33

2.2 Cc thit b v nguyn l hot ng: 34

2.2.1 Thit b bo qun sa: 34

2.2.2 Thit b thanh trung sa: 35

2.2.3 My ly tm cht bo sa 40

2.2.4 My ng ha 42

2.2.5 Thng ln men phomat: 43

2.2.6 My dp p phomat: 45

2.2.7 My o trn b: 46

3 PHN BI TP: 48

bao cao thuc tap nhan thuc k52

Documents